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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral CCNU (lomustine).

The plasma pharmacokinetics of orally administered CCNU (130 mg/m2) were studied in four patients using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Parent CCNU was not detected in the plasma of any of the patients, probably due to complete conversion to monohydroxylated metabolites during the 'first pass' through liver and gut. However, two monohydroxylated metabolites, trans-4-hydroxy CCNU and cis-4-hydroxy CCNU, were found at high concentrations, the relative amounts being about 6:4. Peak concentrations of the metabolites were reached 2-4 h after administration and were remarkably similar for all four patients, the total being 0.8-0.9 micrograms/ml. The metabolites were also detected in a tumour biopsy. Plasma clearance half-lives of the two metabolites were similar in each patient but showed a two-fold variation between patients, from 1.3 to 2.9 h. These results suggest that the antitumour activity and systemic toxicity of CCNU when given orally are due mainly to its monohydroxylated metabolites. Finally, comparison with data obtained in vitro and in mice showed that the nitrosourea exposures in these patients were at the lower limit of those required for significant antineoplastic activity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase in human large intestine, normal and diseased.

Alkaline phosphatase activity has been investigated by histochemical methods in normal and diseased human large intestine. The tissues were constantly maintained at 4 degrees C or below. Specimens were either frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze-dried and embedded in glycol methacrylate for sectioning at 2 mu, or, fixed in ice-cold formol-calcium for frozen sectioning at 10 mu. The simultaneous coupling azo dye method using the substrates sodium alpha-naphthyl phosphate and Naphthol AS-BI phosphate, resulted in the demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity in the surface epithelial cells, and the middle and upper crypts, of normal and transitional mucosa.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Endoscopic localization of colon cancers.

In order to determine the accuracy of endoscopic localization of colon cancers, the endoscopic location was compared to the actual location at the time of operation in 320 patients who underwent resection of intraabdominal colon cancer between 1983 and 1988. The endoscopic location was correct in 86% of the cases. There were 44 endoscopic errors, including seven missed cancers. One-third of all endoscopic errors occurred when the tumor was in the cecum. We conclude that endoscopy is an accurate method of localizing colon cancers. However, with the advent of laparoscopic surgery and the loss of the ability to palpate the colon, the 14% of endoscopic errors take on a greater importance and additional means for localizing tumors should be pursued in selected cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Mixed crypt cell carcinoma. A clinicopathological study of the so-called 'goblet cell carcinoid'.

The clinicopathological features of six appendix and five bowel tumours with features of the so-called 'goblet cell carcinoid' are described. By light microscopy, these tumours were composed predominantly of mucous cells, together with variable proportions of endocrine and Paneth cells. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study confirmed this impression and no amphicrine cells were seen. The clinical course of all cases arising in the bowel, and three out of six appendix tumours was characterised by an aggressive behaviour with the development of widespread lymphatic and often intraperitoneal metastasis, but liver metastasis occurred in only one instance. We conclude, both from this study and from a review of the literature, that the 'mixed crypt cell carcinoma' forms a distinct clinicopathological entity justifying separate classification from adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumour.

Appendix↗
PubMed1993

Intussusception caused by a carcinoma of the cecum during pregnancy: report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of intussusception due to a carcinoma of the cecum during pregnancy is reported. A 27-year-old pregnant female was admitted to Shimodate Municipal Hospital because of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Her abdomen was distended, and a relatively hard mass was palpable in the right hypochondrium. Following a diagnosis of intussusception by ultrasonography, a laparotomy was performed. The lesion causing the intussusception was found to be a carcinoma of the cecum, and thus a right hemicolectomy with lymph node dissection was carried out. Histological examination revealed that the tumor was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma which had invaded the muscularis propria but was superficial to the subserosa. None of the lymph nodes were cancerous. The incidence of colonic cancer above the peritoneal reflection during pregnancy is very low. Only 24 cases have been previously reported; our patient is only the 25th case, as well as being the first case demonstrating Dukes' A. Due to the intussusception, ultrasonography was effective for diagnosis and the patient was able to undergo a curative operation at an earlier stage than other patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Ischemic colitis of the cecum after renal transplantation masquerading as malignant disease.

Fourteen years after kidney transplantation and following protracted rejection of the transplant, a patient developed abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis. Ultrasound demonstrated a pericolic abscess, and barium enema a deformity of the ascending colon suggesting malignant growth. Colonoscopy showed ulcerative and necrotic lesions of the cecum, and colonic carcinoma was suspected. At surgery, a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with fibrosis involving the kidney transplant and cecum was found. Histological examination revealed ulcerations secondary to ischemic colitis, but no malignancy. Thus, ischemic colitis should be ruled out in cases with a presumptive diagnosis of colonic malignancy at x-ray or endoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ileocecal endometriosis presenting with abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding.

A 26-year-old woman with enteric endometriosis presenting with cecocolic intussusception, a cecal mass on barium enema, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage is described. Laparotomy revealed cecocolic intussusception, ileocecal endometrial implants, and cecal mucosal ulceration presumed secondary to ischemia of the intussuscepted bowel. Histopathology showed serosal and subserosal endometrial implants without mucosal invasion. A review of the literature of endometrial bowel disease is presented.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Humoral hypercalcemia complicating adenosquamous carcinoma of the proximal colon.

Hypercalcemia as a complication of carcinoma of the colon is uncommon (1). It usually occurs in the presence of anorectal or rectal carcinoma that metastasizes to the lumbosacral vertebrae (2-4). Hypercalcemia complicating colon carcinoma in the absence of bone metastases--so-called humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy or paraneoplastic hypercalcemia--is rare. Only two such cases associated with adenocarcinoma of the colon (5,6) and two cases associated with adenosquamous carcinoma of the distal colon (rectum and sigmoid) (7) have been reported. We describe the first reported case of an adenosquamous carcinoma of the cecum and ascending colon that was accompanied by severe humoral hypercalcemia. The hypercalcemia was associated with a parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like substance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Pseudotumoral cecum after hydrostatic reduction of intussusception.

The authors report two cases of intestinal intussusception successfully reduced by hydrostatic pressure. A post-reduction filling defect in the cecum disappeared spontaneously on follow-up barium enema, and is therefore consistent with cecal edema. It appears an initial period of close observation for such cases is worthwhile, delaying the decision about surgery until after a follow-up barium enema; this may confirm the disappearance of the filling defect.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1993

Caecal adenocarcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis.

A polypoid caecal adenocarcinoma in a 72-year-old female was found microscopically to be composed mainly of rhabdoid cells. Deposits in the liver and lymph nodes had a similar histological appearance to the primary tumour. The rhabdoid cells were typified by abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The differential diagnosis included rhabdomyosarcoma, metaplastic carcinoma (carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation), carcinosarcoma and extra-renal rhabdoid tumour. The rhabdoid cells showed strong immunoreactivity with cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic whorls of intermediate filaments were noted. Multiple sections, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural examination all revealed an adenocarcinomatous component which blended with the rhabdoid areas. In one area a rhabdoid cell was present within a malignant gland. This case illustrates that the rhabdoid appearance of many tumours can be misleading and is merely a non-specific morpho-phenotypic pattern seen in extra-renal sites. In the extra-renal setting, careful search for evidence of differentiation should be undertaken.

Adenocarcinoma↗