SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Capsule Endoscopes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Inflammatory bowel disease.

This review summarizes important publications that have appeared during the last year dealing with imaging techniques and endoscopy, as well as the management of low-grade dysplasia and stenosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Magnetic resonance enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy are currently emerging as new imaging techniques for the small bowel in Crohn's disease. While magnetic resonance enteroclysis is, at least in Europe, increasingly being used as a reference method, the value of capsule endoscopy for the management of inflammatory bowel disease is still being evaluated. Chromoendoscopy is being studied in patients with long-lasting ulcerative colitis and may be a promising and sensitive technique for the diagnosis of dysplasia. However, there are conflicting data regarding the appropriate management when low-grade dysplasia is diagnosed in patients with ulcerative colitis. Endoscopic dilation can often be successfully carried out in cases of intestinal stenosis. The results of long-term follow-up studies indicate that several dilation procedures are often necessary and that a relatively high percentage of patients still have to undergo surgery.

Capsules↗

PubMed2005

Solitary hemangioma of the small intestine: an unusual cause of bleeding diagnosed at capsule endoscopy.

Solitary small intestine hemangiomas are rare and usually present with overt bleeding or chronic anemia. Diagnosis is usually difficult because traditional imaging techniques often lack accuracy. Capsule endoscopy is a new diagnostic tool that has showed greater sensitivity than other methods to reveal causes of bleeding in the small intestine. A case of hemangioma of the ileum in a 13-year-old boy is presented. Capsule endoscopy allowed diagnosis and planning of surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Gastric cytoprotection by tetraprenylacetone in human subjects.

We assessed the inhibition by tetraprenylacetone (TPA) of gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol in human subjects. Seventeen healthy volunteers were given either TPA (a 50-mg capsule) or a placebo 3 times daily for 5 days. Then, 20 ml of 70% ethanol were sprayed onto the gastric antrum and 15 min later, visible mucosal lesions were evaluated with an endoscope, and biopsy specimens were taken from mucosa that looked normal but had been sprayed with ethanol. The specimens were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The gross mucosal damage was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the subjects given TPA than in those given the placebo. Hyperemia and hemorrhage in the mucosa and surface epithelial damage were also significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the subjects given TPA. The results suggested that TPA protects the gastric mucosa from damage by ethanol as judged not only by the gross appearance of the mucosa but also by microscopic observation.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

A new view of occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Occult gastrointestinal bleeding usually is discovered when fecal occult blood test results are positive or iron deficiency anemia is detected. Fecal occult blood testing methods vary, but all have limited sensitivity and specificity. The initial work-up for occult bleeding typically involves colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or both. In patients without symptoms indicating an upper gastrointestinal tract source or in patients older than 50 years, colonoscopy usually is performed first. About one half of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding do not have an obvious source of the bleeding. In those patients, small bowel imaging or repeat panendoscopy may be performed. Barium studies of the small bowel are widely available but have limited diagnostic utility. Mucosal lesions such as vascular ectasias, a common cause of obscure bleeding, may be missed by small bowel studies. Small bowel endoscopy is difficult to perform but has a higher diagnostic yield. Capsule endoscopy is a newer technique that allows noninvasive small bowel imaging. Radionuclide red blood cell scans or angiography may be useful in patients with active bleeding. Treatment of bleeding most often involves endoscopic ablation of the bleeding site with thermal energy, if the site is accessible. Angiographic embolization may be used to treat lesions that cannot be reached endoscopically. Diffuse vascular lesions, which are not uncommon, are difficult to treat. Medical treatment, usually with combined hormone therapy, has limited utility. Surgical treatment of obscure bleeding often fails or is not feasible because of multiple bleeding sites.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗

PubMed2006

[Evaluation of diagnostic yield and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The major indication of small bowel capsule endoscopy is the diagnostics of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. The present retrospective study was aimed to analyze the diagnostic yield, positive and negative predictive values and clinical impact of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 36 month period at two workplaces 66 capsule endoscopy studies were performed in 62 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who had undergone non-diagnostic upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Capsule video recordings were evaluated by two investigators at both workplaces. Capsule endoscopy findings were divided into 3 groups according to the bleeding source: definitive bleeding source (48 patients), uncertain bleeding potential (5 patients), and negative finding (8 patient). Patients after capsule endoscopy were followed-up until a mean of 20 (1-41) months. RESULTS: A definitive small bowel bleeding source was detected in 78.7% of the cases studied by capsule endoscopy. Definitive bleeding sources included angiodysplasia (28 cases), small bowel Crohn's disease (5 cases), small bowel tumor (5 cases), small bowel stenosis (2 cases), NSAID therapy related ulcer (1 case), non-specific inflammation (1 case) and helminthiasis (1 case) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of capsule endoscopy studies were 95.8% and 84.6% respectively. In cases with definitive bleeding sources 72% of patients received therapy in accordance with capsule endoscopy findings (surgery in 18 patients, medical treatment modification in 16 patients, chemoembolisation in 1 patient). During the follow-up period 17.7% of the patients had rebleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy is a useful and effective diagnostic method in cases with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Effective therapy may be introduced in accordance with the majority of positive capsule endoscopy results.

Angiodysplasia↗

PubMed2005

Mucinous cystic neoplasm in a young male patient.

A 25-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital with a history of recurrent pancreatitis and a pseudocyst of the pancreas. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an encapsulated multilocular cystic mass 5 cm in diameter in the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a mural nodule, and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed a communication of the lesion with the main pancreatic duct. A neoplastic cystic tumor was suspected, and a resection of the body tail of the pancreas was performed. The lesion was a multilocular cyst having a common fibrous capsule and viscous content. Histologically, the cystic lesion was lined with a single layer of columnar cells with low-grade atypia. Ovarian-type stroma (OS) was confirmed, and it showed positive for antiestrogen receptor and antiprogesteron receptor staining. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), an adenoma that shows extraordinarily high prevalence in women. Further study on the pathogenesis of MCN in male patients should be undertaken to elucidate the process of development.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Clinically significant small-bowel pathology identified by double-balloon enteroscopy but missed by capsule endoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is increasingly being used to investigate the small bowel for various indications, including obscure GI bleeding (OGB). However, false negatives have been described. Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a new endoscopic technique developed to potentially view the entire small intestine while allowing therapeutic options to be carried out when appropriate. OBJECTIVE: We described 4 patients with small-bowel pathology missed on CE but detected by DBE. DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective study. All patients underwent CE followed by DBE. SETTING: Single-center tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS: Four patients were included. Three patients had OGB that required blood transfusions. One patient with celiac disease, compliant on a strict gluten-free diet for 5 months, presented with persistent weight loss and abdominal pain. INTERVENTIONS: DBE followed by surgical exploration and resection of small-bowel pathology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Successful identification of pathology missed by CE. Definitive treatment of small-bowel pathology by surgical resection. RESULTS: CE did not identify the small-bowel pathology in all 4 patients. The 3 patients with OGB had small-bowel masses found by DBE. Two of these were GI stromal tumors and one was an adenocarcinoma. The patient with celiac disease had a malignant ulcer, confirmed to be a lymphoma after surgical resection. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study and small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: CE and DBE are complementary investigations. If there is a high index of suspicion of small-bowel pathology despite a negative CE, DBE should be performed.

Diagnostic Errors↗

PubMed1985

Plastic pH electrodes for the measurement of gastrointestinal pH.

Plastic electrodes have been developed for measuring pH in the human gastrointestinal tract. The electrodes have a plastic hydrogen ion sensitive membrane sealed to a length of fluid filled PVC tubing. Two recently developed hydrogen ion sensitive ligands have been examined. Their operational characteristics have been described. These electrodes have an electrical response of 52 to 58 mV/pH unit change in the range pH 4-9, with a diminished response outwith this range. They have a low resistance value and a fast response time of one second to reach 90% of their maximum response. The electrodes can be passed down the biopsy channel of an endoscope to obtain mucosal pH readings under direct vision. Readings obtained in this way using plastic electrodes are comparable to those obtained with glass electrodes. Alternatively, these electrodes can be joined to a Crosby capsule, allowing continuous recording of mucosal pH through to the jejunum during jejunal biopsy procedures. These electrodes can be used repeatedly or may be acceptable as inexpensive disposable items for sterile clinical use.

Amines↗

PubMed1995

Endoscopic management of craniopharyngiomas: a review of 3 cases.

The authors describe the endoscopic management of cystic craniopharyngiomas in 3 cases. This method has been attempted in cystic craniopharyngiomas using a rigid endoscope. The instrument has been described earlier (7-9). All these operations were done under general anaesthesia. Criteria for endoscopic extirpation and removal included type D, E, F classification according to Yasargil (17). All 3 cases fitted in the F category. There were one female and two male patients. In the female patient an aspiration of cyst contents was performed as a first attempt to relieve her hydrocephalus. Two months later recurrent symptomology necessitated a larger intervention. All cysts were opened using the laser, drained by a Fogarthy balloon-catheter, and the capsule removed by forceps. This technique is safe and provides a reasonable alternative to open microsurgery, radioactive isotope instillation, or radiotherapy. In our series we achieved total removal in one case after the second intervention and partial removal in two cases. There was no mortality directly associated with this procedure and the female patient developed severe electrolyte disturbances after macroscopic total removal. Our results suggest that endoscopic of management of cystic craniopharyngiomas is a safe and effective procedure which could be considered as the initial management for cystic craniopharyngiomas of the intraventricular type.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Wireless capsule endoscopy for evaluation of phenotypic expression of small-bowel polyps in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in symptomatic first-degree relatives.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an inherited gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis disorder. Small-bowel intussusception and bleeding are the most common complications, and malignancy may also occur. Survey of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly of the small bowel, is difficult and current recommendations for management syndrome are ambiguous. We evaluated the feasibility of capsule endoscopy for identifying phenotypic expression of small-bowel polyps in patients with full-blown PJS and a previous diagnosis of gastrointestinal polyposis, and in symptomatic kindred of PJS patients with no previous diagnosis of gastrointestinal polyposis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups were studied: group A consisted of 14 patients with gastrointestinal polyposis, eight of whom had undergone previous small-intestine surgery; group B consisted of six symptomatic first-degree relatives of PJS patients; these patients had previous negative gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations. RESULTS: Numerous polyps were detected in all patients in group A. Most polyps were sessile, but the larger polyps tended to be pedunculated. Polyp density was highest in the jejunum (greater than in the ileum and duodenum). Seven patients had at least one large polyp (> 11 mm) and five of these patients subsequently underwent enteroscopy, which revealed that capsule endoscopy had correctly identified all the patients with large polyps, but had missed 20 % of the total number of large polyps in these patients. No polyps were detected by capsule endoscopy in group B patients, despite the excellent visualization of the small intestine. In all patients, the capsules were expelled within 24 hours, without complications, and the procedure was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy is an effective and well-tolerated method for evaluating small-bowel pathology in patients with PJS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Gastric form of alpha chain disease.

A case of alpha chain disease, involving the stomach only, is reported in an Algerian man suffering from epigastric pains. Upper digestive tract fibreoptic endoscopy showed two antral ulcers and an ulcerative gastritis pattern, which promptly disappeared with cimetidine treatment. Antral biopsies at a distance from the ulcers, but not of the ulcer crater itself, disclosed a dense infiltration of antral lamina propria by mature or sometimes atypical plasma cells. On transmural surgical antral biopsy, the infiltrate spread to the superficial part of the submucosa. No other localisation of the disease was found in spite of multiple biopsies obtained by endoscopy, with a peroral capsule and during staging laparotomy. The alpha chain disease protein was absent from serum and urine, but found in the gastric juice and in the cytoplasma of the cellular infiltrate (alpha 1 subclass). A complete clinical, endoscopic, histological and immunological remission was observed after a six months' course of oral tetracycline.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The use of wireless capsule endoscopy in clinical diagnostic gastroenterology.

This profile describes a new wireless video endoscopy device designed to image previously inaccessible areas of the gastrointestinal tract with unprecedented precision and clarity. This PillCam technology involves a disposable, ingestible camera that transmits more than 50,000 digital images of the small bowel to personal computer software. The wireless capsule endoscopy technology supplements and is rapidly replacing standard small bowel imaging techniques, and its use has revolutionized conventional ideas about the small bowel's role in many conditions such as Crohn's disease and occult blood loss. In addition to the small bowel device, an esophageal adaptation was released in January 2005. This capsule technology anticipates exponential growth in both diagnostic and possible therapeutic dimensions in the future.

Coated Materials, Biocompatible↗

PubMed2003

Clinical utility, safety and tolerability of capsule endoscopy in urban Southeast Asian population.

AIM: Capsule endoscopy has demonstrated its clinical utility in the evaluation of small bowel pathology in several Western studies. In this prospective study, we aimed to determine the clinical utility, safety and tolerability of capsule endoscopy in the evaluation of suspected small bowel disease in an urban Southeast Asian population. METHODS: We used the given (M2A) capsule endoscopy system in 16 consecutive patients with suspected small bowel pathology. In 9 patients the indication was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, while in 6 patients it was to determine the extent of small bowel involvement in Crohn's disease. One patient underwent capsule endoscopy for evaluation of chronic abdominal pain. Patient's tolerability to the procedure was evaluated by standardized questionnaires and all patients were reviewed at one week to ensure that the capsule had been excreted without any adverse events. RESULTS: Abnormal findings were present in 8 patients (50%). The cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was determined in 5 out of 9 patients. Findings included 2 cases of angiodysplasia, 2 cases of jejunal ulcers and 1 case of both angiodysplasia and jejunal ulcer. One patient had small bowel erosions and foci of erythema of doubtful significance. Ileal lesions were diagnosed in 2 out of 6 patients with Crohn's disease. Capsule endoscopy was well tolerated by all patients. One patient with Crohn's disease had a complication of capsule retention due to terminal ileum stricture. The capsule eventually passed out spontaneously after 1 month. CONCLUSION: Our study, which represented the first Asian series, further confirms the diagnostic utility, safety and tolerability of wireless capsule endoscopy.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Capsule endoscopy: indication, diagnosis and patient management in the doctor's office].

In this prospective clinical study, 50 consecutive patients in whom there was an indication for capsule endoscopy were evaluated with regard to indication, examination course, outcome and modifications to patient management, and the data obtained analysed. In 88% of the patients, capsule endoscopy revealed pathological changes. Patient management was modified in 78% of the cases.

Diagnostic Imaging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary adenocarcinoma of jejunum with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding].

A case of primary small bowel adenocarcinoma is reported because of the rarity of this malignancy. Interestingly, the location of the tumour was in jejunum, instead of the most common site in duodenum. The clinical presentation was anemia, with positive fecal blood test, under antiaggregant platelet treatment for coronary heart disease, initially related to endoscopic evidence of erosive gastroduodenitis. The exacerbation of gastrointestinal bleeding during proton pump inhibitors therapy and the recurrence of abdominal pain caused careful investigation. The source of the obscure gastrointestinal bleeding had been achieved by wireless capsule endoscopy, because of not diagnostic findings of conventional upper endoscopy control, colonscopy, double contrast enteroclysis and selective arteriography. The primary definitive therapy was a radical resection of the jejunal neoplastic loop, important prognostic factor.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Laparoscopic monitoring of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate.

Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate has resurfaced as a potential treatment option for organ-confined adenocarcinoma of the prostate. This study examines the temperatures achieved at the anterior prostatic capsule during the freeze-thaw cycle of transperineal cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Additionally, as there was direct laparoscopic visualization of the prostate, frost forming outside the prostate would have been detected. Two patients underwent endoscopic extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy followed, with patients under the same anesthetic, by transperineal cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. Nadir prostatic capsular temperatures reached - 28 and - 36 degrees C, respectively, occurring approximately 13 min into the freezing phase. At these temperatures, no frost was observed endoscopically at the ventral surface of the prostate. Ice was palpated with endoscopic probes several millimeters below the ventral capsular surface. These nadir temperatures are lower than those of previous studies on cryosurgical ablation of the human prostate. Further studies need to examine the temperatures required to produce cell death and to determine whether periprostatic tissues can be treated safely and effectively for locally advanced disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

The utility of capsule endoscopy small bowel surveillance in patients with polyposis.

BACKGROUND: Small intestinal (SI) surveillance is recommended for polyposis patients. The utility and safety of capsule endoscopy (CE) for surveillance of SI neoplasia in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is unknown. METHODS: CE was offered to consecutive FAP and PJS patients due for routine upper endoscopic surveillance. The prevalence, location (jejunum, ileum), size (1-5 mm, 6-10 mm, >10 mm) and number (1-5, 6-12, >20) of polyps detected by CE was assessed. RESULTS: 19 subjects (15 FAP/4 PJS) with a mean age of 43 were included. All subjects had previous intestinal surgery. No complications occurred with CE. CE in FAP: 9/15 (60%) of subjects with FAP had SI polyps. The prevalence of SI polyps was related to the duodenal polyposis stage and subject age. The location, size and number of polyps progressed as duodenal polyposis stage advanced. CE in PJS: 3/4 (75%) of subjects with PJS had SI polyps. The polyps were diffuse in 2/4 and only in the ileum in one subject. CE findings led to laparotomy with intra-operative endoscopic polypectomy in two PJS patients. CONCLUSION: SI polyps are common in FAP but their importance is unknown. CE should be performed in FAP patients with stage III and IV duodenal disease. Clinically significant polyps are commonly detected by CE in PJS and lead to change in management in 50% of PJS subjects. CE should replace radiographic SI surveillance for PJS patients. CE is safe in polyposis patients who have undergone major intestinal surgery.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗

PubMed2003

[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis].

Portal hypertension is a main cause for the development of esophago-gastric varices, ascites and hepatic nephropathy in liver cirrhosis. Reduction of portal pressure by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure has been possible for the last decade. The treatment reduces the risk for variceal bleeding, reduces ascites formation and may improve renal function in hepatic nephropathy. Improved survival, however, has not yet been documented. Complications comprise procedure related events (puncture of liver capsule, bleeding, infection, hemolysis with mortality 1-5%), shunt stenosis (30-80% during the first year but reversible), and encephalopathy (30% intermittent, 10% chronic). Indications for the procedure are primarily variceal bleeding resistant to conventional pharmacologic and endoscopic treatment. Absolute and relative contraindications are severe hepatic failure, a history of hepatic encephalopathy, infections, respiratory failure, and non-hepatic renal insufficiency.

Ascites↗