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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Magnetic imaging of colonoscopy: an audit of looping, accuracy and ancillary maneuvers.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is one of the most frequently performed outpatient examinations. However, the procedure is still technically challenging, largely due to unpredictable looping during insertion. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the frequency of loop formation and types of loop during colonoscopy, (2) to determine the accuracy of the endoscopist's assessment of the anatomic location of the endoscope tip and of the presence and type of endoscope loop formation, and (3) to determine the efficacy of abdominal compression and change in patient position in promoting colonoscope advancement. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing routine, day-case colonoscopy were studied using real-time, three-dimensional magnetic endoscope imaging. All examinations were performed by expert colonoscopists, blinded to the imager view. The endoscopist estimated the position of the colonoscope tip, assessed when and what type of loop had formed, and the efficacy of ancillary maneuvers such as hand pressure or patient position change. The magnetic imager view of each procedure was recorded and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred complete colonoscopies were performed. Looping occurred in 91% with N-sigmoid (79%) and deep transverse (34%) being most common. Most loops (69%) were incorrectly diagnosed by the endoscopist. Atypical loops were more common in women than men (p = 0.025). The endoscopist's assessment of tip location was correct 85% of the time overall, but 100% in the cecum. Abdominal pressure was less effective (54 of 145 times, 37%) than patient position change (95 of 144 times, 66%) in promoting endoscope tip advancement. CONCLUSIONS: Looping occurs frequently during routine colonoscopy. Although the endoscopist's assessment of tip location is fairly accurate, the majority of colonoscope loops are incorrectly appreciated. Although used frequently, ancillary maneuvers (abdominal compression and patient position change) are effective in only 52% of attempts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Usefulness of a pediatric colonoscope for routine colonoscopy in women who have undergone hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy can be difficult in some women who have undergone hysterectomy, which can be associated with a fixed, angulated sigmoid colon caused by postoperative pelvic adhesions. Our goal was to determine whether colonoscopy is easier and more comfortable for women after hysterectomy when performed with a pediatric colonoscope, which is thinner in diameter and more flexible than a standard "adult" colonoscope. METHODS: One hundred women with a history of hysterectomy undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were randomized in unblinded fashion to colonoscopy with a standard colonoscope (CF-100L or CF-Q140L, Olympus) or with a pediatric colonoscope (PCF-100, Olympus). All procedures were performed by a faculty endoscopist and timed. After examination, the endoscopist graded procedure difficulty, and patients were given a questionnaire that assessed their experience. RESULTS: The cecum was intubated more frequently in the pediatric colonoscope group than in the standard colonoscope group (96.1% vs. 71.4%, p < 0.001). Success increased in the standard colonoscope group to 89.8% when the pediatric colonoscope was used to complete the examination. There were no differences in the two groups in terms of mean total procedure times (21.4 minutes vs. 22.6 minutes), mean doses of meperidine administered (57 mg both groups), mean doses of midazolam administered (1.5 mg vs. 1.7 mg), scales of procedure difficulty as graded by the endoscopists, and comfort scales as graded by patients. For the cases in which the cecum was intubated, the mean time to reach the cecum (11.7 minutes for the pediatric colonoscope group vs. 12.7 minutes for the adult) was similar. CONCLUSIONS: The pediatric colonoscope is a reasonable choice for colonoscopy in women who have had a hysterectomy. Alternatively, if the endoscopist elects to start the procedure with a standard colonoscope, it is helpful to have a pediatric colonoscope available for use should a fixed, angulated sigmoid colon be encountered that cannot be easily or safely traversed with the standard colonoscope.

Cecum↗

PubMed2002

Minute findings by magnifying colonoscopy are useful for the evaluation of ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. However, colonoscopic findings are inadequate for the prediction of relapse without histologic examination. In this study, the role of magnifying colonoscopy in ulcerative colitis was evaluated. METHODS: One hundred sixteen magnifying colonoscopy observations were made in 61 patients with ulcerative colitis between January 1994 and October 1998. A simple classification of magnifying colonoscopic findings into 5 categories was devised as follows: regularly arranged crypt openings, villous-like, minute defects of epithelium, small yellowish spots, and coral reef-like appearance. The colonoscopic findings by classification were compared with histopathologic findings, and the usefulness of the classification for predicting relapse was prospectively analyzed in 18 patients. RESULTS: Compared with grade as determined by conventional colonoscopy, there was a better correlation between the classification of findings by magnifying colonoscopy and histopathologic findings (r(2) = 0.665, 0.807, respectively). Of 18 patients studied prospectively, 7 of 9 with minute defects of epithelium relapsed within 6 months, and the cumulative nonrelapsing rate was significantly lower in patients with minute defects of epithelium compared with those without minute defects of epithelium (p = 0.0059). Moreover, minute defects of epithelium was found to be a significant independent predictive factor for relapse (multivariate analysis, Cox proportional hazards model; p = 0.0203). CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed classification of magnifying colonoscopic findings in patients with ulcerative colitis is useful for the evaluation of disease activity and for the prediction of periods of remission.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Single bolus of midazolam versus bolus midazolam plus meperidine for colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether a single bolus of meperidine in addition to midazolam improves patient tolerance during colonoscopy. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive a single rapid intravenous bolus of 5 mg of midazolam and placebo (Group A, n = 125) or 5 mg midazolam plus 50 mg meperidine (Group B, n = 128). Tolerance (4-point scale: 1 excellent, 4 unbearable), pain (4-point scale: 1 none, 4 severe) and willingness to undergo another colonoscopy were assessed 24 to 48 hours later in a telephone interview conducted by an independent observer blinded to the regimen of sedative medication. RESULTS: Significantly more patients in Group A reported moderate or severe pain (28% vs. 9%; p < 0.001), poor or unbearable tolerance (18% vs. 6%; p < 0.01) and unwillingness to undergo colonoscopy again in the future (14% vs. 5%; p < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, randomization to the midazolam group and younger age were the only variables independently associated with the risk of reporting at least one of these outcomes. Recovery time, frequency of oxygen desaturation, and need for supplemental oxygen were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a single bolus of meperidine to midazolam improves patient tolerance and lessens pain during colonoscopy without significantly increasing the frequency of side effects or prolonging recovery time.

Analgesics, Opioid↗

PubMed2003

An open-label trial of L-glucose as a colon-cleansing agent before colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: The high volume and poor palatability of standard colon cleansers remain obstacles to colonoscopy for many patients. Significant electrolyte disturbances and fluid balance alterations may occur with available agents. L-glucose, the stereoisomer of D-glucose, has laxative effects that make it potentially useful as a colon-cleansing agent. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of L-glucose as a bowel cleanser before colonoscopy. METHODS: Thirty healthy individuals (age range 34-70 years) scheduled to undergo outpatient colonoscopy were given 24 g of L-glucose in 8 ounces of water to cleanse the colon. Nonblinded endoscopists rated the quality of the preparation based on established criteria. Laboratory studies were monitored before and after administration of the L-glucose and on the day after colonoscopy; adverse clinical events were also monitored. RESULTS: L-glucose administration resulted in excellent or good preparations in 80% (24/30) of the patients and fair or poor preparations in 20%. Average water consumption was 48 ounces. No adverse event occurred, and no significant laboratory test abnormalities were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty percent of patients who prepared for colonoscopy by ingestion of L-glucose had good or excellent preparations. The L-glucose preparation was palatable, and its efficacy and safety appear equivalent to currently available colon-cleansing agents.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Air and carbon dioxide volumes insufflated during colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: During colonoscopy, air or carbon dioxide is insufflated to secure adequate visualization of the colon, and endoscopy trainees are reminded to use as little gas as possible to avoid patient discomfort. However, the volume of gas insufflated by endoscopists during colonoscopy is unknown. The aim of the present study was to measure volumes of carbon dioxide and air insufflated during colonoscopy. METHODS: A total 249 consecutive patients participating in a colorectal cancer screening program were randomized to undergo colonoscopy with either carbon dioxide or air insufflation. Gas volumes insufflated during the procedure were measured with a mass-flowmeter. Four experienced endoscopists performed all of the examinations. RESULTS: Gas volumes were successfully measured in 218 (87%) patients. A mean of 8.3 L of carbon dioxide (range 1.2-19.8 L) and 8.2 L of air (range 1.8-18 L) were insufflated (p = 0.9). Mean volumes insufflated per minute were estimated to be 0.26 L and 0.24 L, respectively, in the carbon dioxide and air groups (p = 0.5). Statistically significant differences in the volumes of gas insufflated per minute were observed among some of the endoscopists. CONCLUSIONS: The volumes of carbon dioxide and air used during colonoscopy can be estimated. Differences in volumes of gas used by experienced endoscopists were detected.

Air↗

PubMed2006

Hypnosis to manage anxiety and pain associated with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening: Case studies and possible benefits.

This study explored using hypnosis for pain and anxiety management in 6 colonoscopy patients (5 men, 1 woman), who received a hypnotic induction and instruction in self-hypnosis on the day of their colonoscopy. Patients' levels of anxiety were obtained before and after the hypnotic induction using Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). Following colonoscopy, VASs were used to assess anxiety and pain during colonoscopy, perceived effectiveness of hypnosis, and patient satisfaction with medical care. Hypnotizability was assessed at a separate appointment. The authors also obtained data (time for procedure, number of vasovagal events, and recovery time) for 10 consecutive patients who received standard care. Results suggest that hypnosis appears to be a feasible method to manage anxiety and pain associated with colonoscopy, reduces the need for sedation, and may have other benefits such as reduced vasovagal events and recovery time.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Effect of conscious sedation on cardiac autonomic regulation during colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is associated with cardiovascular events including hypotension, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia. The pathogenetic mechanisms of these cardiovascular events are unknown, but there is evidence that the autonomic nervous system may play a role. Conscious sedation is often used to relieve the inconvenience caused by the procedure. In this study, we evaluated the effects of sedation on cardiac autonomic regulation during colonoscopy. METHODS: One hundred and eighty patients undergoing elective colonoscopy were prospectively randomized into three groups: (i) sedation with intravenous midazolam (midazolam group); (ii) sedation with intravenous saline (placebo group); and (iii) no intravenous cannula (control group). Continuous electrocardiogram was recorded prior to, during, and after the colonoscopic procedure. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by means of the power spectral analysis; the powers of low-frequency (LF 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF 0.15-0.40 Hz) components were calculated. RESULTS: Intubation of the colonoscope increased the LF component of HRV and decreased HF power in all study groups compared to baseline recording. Furthermore, compared to baseline, the LF/HF ratio--a marker of cardiac sympathetic regulation--increased during intubation in the midazolam (P < 0.001) and placebo (P < 0.05) groups, with no change in the control group. During intubation the midazolam group presented with higher LF and lower HF power than placebo (P < 0.001) and control groups (P < 0.01). Accordingly, the LF/HF ratio was higher in the midazolam group than in the placebo (P < 0.05) or control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam potentiates the dominance of the sympathetic nervous system induced by colonoscopy. Therefore, conscious sedation with midazolam may contribute to the occurrence of cardiovascular events during colonoscopy.

Colonoscopy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bowel preparation before colonoscopy in the pediatric patient: a randomized study.

Flexible fiberoptic colonoscopy is an established diagnostic procedure in the pediatric patient. The approach to the pediatric patient is, however, different from the approach to adults. Bowel preparation must be geared to the age, size, and clinical status of the patient. An effective, palatable, standardized bowel preparation has not been determined for the child undergoing a colonoscopy. This study systematically evaluated three components of the bowel preparation--cathartics, diet, and enema use. The bowel preparation of 140 children undergoing colonoscopy at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia was evaluated. The effectiveness of the bowel preparation was evaluated by direct visualization during the colonoscopy as to the amount and consistency of the residual stool in the colon. Parents were interviewed to determine adherence to the instructions including tolerance of diet, cathartics, and enema administration. Equipment maintenance was also monitored. An effective bowel preparation was achieved in all groups. As a result of this study, the Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia now uses a less restrictive diet, one enema, and X-Prep to achieve effective bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Tc-99m leukocyte imaging for evaluating disease severity and monitoring treatment response in ulcerative colitis: comparison with colonoscopy.

The diagnostic value of Tc-99m leukocyte imaging for evaluating disease activity and monitoring treatment response in ulcerative colitis was compared with that of colonoscopy. A total of 48 studies were performed in 28 patients with ulcerative colitis. Forty-six studies had both Tc-99m leukocyte imaging and colonoscopy within 2 weeks of each other, and the remaining two studies had only Tc-99m leukocyte imaging. In 46 studies, semiquantitative grading of colonic radioactivity by comparison with iliac crest marrow activity on radionuclide imaging correlated well with macroscopic grading based on Matts' criteria on colonoscopy. Fourteen (82%) of 17 studies with slight colonoscopic change showed a negative result on the radionuclide image. In 15 patients treated with glucocorticoids or leukapheresis, radionuclide imaging showed nearly the same statistical results as colonoscopy in monitoring treatment response. Tc-99m leukocyte imaging could be used as an alternative to colonoscopy to evaluate the disease activity of ulcerative colitis or to monitor the treatment response, although it is insensitive for detecting disease with only slight macroscopic changes.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Preventing hypoxemia during colonoscopy. A randomized controlled trial of supplemental oxygen.

Hypoxia as measured by pulse oximetry is well recognized in patients undergoing colonoscopy. A single trial of supplemental oxygen therapy has been shown to diminish the observed desaturation during colonoscopy. We further defined the role of supplemental oxygen during colonoscopy in a randomized controlled trial. Ninety-four patients undergoing routine colonoscopy were randomized to oxygen (2 L by nasal prongs) or placebo (nasal prongs only) arms. The physician and patients were blinded to which arm they were in. Sixty-four percent of patients in the placebo arm desaturated (less than 90% saturation) versus 29% in the treatment arm (p less than 0.001). There were no complications observed in either arm. We conclude that supplemental oxygen will decrease but not prevent the incidence of arterial desaturation observed during colonoscopy.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

A multicenter, multiyear, case-controlled study of the risk of colonic polyps in patients with gastric polyps. Are gastric adenomas a new indication for surveillance colonoscopy?

A multicenter, multiyear, case-controlled colonoscopic study of 41 patients with gastric polyps undergoing colonoscopy analyzed whether patients with gastric polyps, particularly adenomas, run an increased risk of having colonic polyps. The primary controls were 109 patients undergoing colonoscopy matched for age and colonoscopy indications. A secondary control group was 69 of these 109 patients who, in addition to matching for age and colonoscopy indications with study patients, had no gastric polyps demonstrated by upper gastrointestinal examination. Patients with nonmalignant mucosal gastric polyps had a significantly greater incidence than primary controls of colonic polyps [odds ratio (OR) = 3.19, OR confidence interval = 1.46 - 6.99, p < 0.004, chi(2)], colonic neoplasms (OR = 3.58, OR confidence interval = 1.56 - 8.23, p < 0.006, chi(2)), and colonic cancer (OR = 4.5, OR confidence interval = 1.05 - 19.4, p < 0.04, Fisher's exact test). Moreover, patients with gastric adenomas had a significantly greater incidence than did primary controls of colonic polyps (OR = 7.6, OR confidence interval = 1.29 - 44.7, p < 0.02, Fisher's exact test). The association between gastric and colonic polyps did not arise as an artifact of the significantly higher frequency of females in the study group because this association remained after patient stratification by sex. The higher risk of colonic polyps in study patients did not arise as an artifact of unappreciated gastric polyps in the primary controls because study patients also had a significantly higher risk of colonic polyps than the secondary controls (OR = 3.21, OR confidence interval = 1.35 - 7.63, p , 0.01, chi(2). Our retrospective case-controlled study suggests that gastric adenomas may be a new, significant risk factor for colonic polyps. A strong association would require that patients with gastric adenomas undergo surveillance colonoscopy to diagnose and remove colonic polyps. However, before we apply this finding to clinical practice, the apparent association should be confirmed by another, preferably prospective study.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Safety of sodium phosphate tablets in patients receiving propofol-based sedation for colonoscopy.

GOALS: To compare the incidence of peri-procedure adverse events in patients undergoing colon cleansing with sodium phosphate tablets or polyethylene glycol solution prior to colonoscopy with propofol-based sedation. BACKGROUND: Propofol is a rapidly acting hypnotic sedative general anesthetic agent increasingly being used for colonoscopy. Although traditionally patients fast overnight prior to a general anesthetic, a new Food and Drug Administration-approved sodium phosphate tablet purgative requires ingestion of 20 tablets with 56 ounces of clear liquid 3 to 5 hours prior to colonoscopy. STUDY: We retrospectively reviewed 97 outpatients who received propofol-based sedation for colonoscopy. This was a subset of a randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter trial comparing sodium phosphate tablets with polyethylene glycol. Study data and anesthesia records were reviewed for peri-procedure hemodynamic, cardiac, and pulmonary adverse events as well as the need for hospital admission. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups when analyzed for the development of tachycardia, decrease in mean arterial pressure below 50 mmHg, or a reduction in the mean arterial pressure greater than 30% from the pre-procedure value. No patients in either group experienced hypoxia (oxygen saturation < 90%), excessive regurgitation, pneumonia, or hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: Peri-procedure adverse events occurred rarely and with no increased frequency in patients using the sodium phosphate tablet purgative and receiving propofol-based sedation. The sodium phosphate tablet purgative is safe for patients receiving propofol-based sedation for colonoscopy.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Impact of prior abdominal or pelvic surgery on colonoscopy outcomes.

GOALS: This large prospective study attempted to analyze the effect of various prior surgery on colonoscopy performance. BACKGROUND: It is generally presumed that colonoscopy in patients with a history of abdominal or pelvic surgery is difficult. This difficulty is apparently due to adhesions and anatomic alterations after surgery but the incidence, site, and severity of adhesions are different according to the types of surgery. STUDY: We analyzed completion rate and insertion time in 4089 consecutive colonoscopies in patients with intact colon. RESULTS: The adjusted completion rate for colonoscopy was 96.7%. The mean insertion time was 6.2+/-4.0 minutes. Not only old age [odds ratio (OR) 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.04, 2.04]] and inadequate bowel cleansing (OR 5.82; 95% CI [4.19, 8.09]) but also a surgical history (OR 1.71; 95% CI [1.18, 2.48]) were independent factors associated with procedural incompleteness. Of surgical history, gastrectomy and hysterectomy were significantly associated with procedural incompleteness (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Old age (OR 1.48; 95% CI [1.22, 1.79]), female sex (OR 1.22; 95% CI [1.01, 1.48]), constipation as an indication (OR 1.58; 95% CI [1.24, 2.02]), and inadequate bowel cleansing (OR 1.46; 95% CI [1.13, 1.88]) were independent factors associated with prolonged insertion time (>10 min), but a surgical history lost statistical power as a predictor for prolonged insertion time in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Although the difference in insertion time was not substantial, a history of abdominal or pelvic surgery is associated with difficulty in colonoscopy.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2005

A pilot study of participation in faecal occult blood testing and screening colonoscopy after health education in Hong Kong.

Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cancer in Hong Kong. The screening behaviour of the Chinese population has not been assessed. The aim of this study is to report a pilot study of educating and subsequent evaluation of colorectal cancer screening behaviour in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Subjects were invited to attend a free health talk on colorectal cancer. Both self-paid faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and free screening colonoscopy were offered after the education programme. Of the participants taking part in the education programme 113/119 (95%) completed the FOBT. Of the FOBT 8/113 (7%) showed positive result and three patients had neoplasia at colonoscopy. Twenty-five patients with negative FOBT also completed colonoscopy; two had adenomas. Screening colonoscopy after FOBT was accepted by 28% of subjects. Those younger than 65 years and those with a positive FOBT (7/8 versus 25/105 for those with negative FOBT, P=0.0003) were more likely to agree to screening colonoscopy. In conclusion, health education is important for ensuring high acceptance and implementation of colorectal cancer screening in Hong Kong Chinese. FOBT is an acceptable and feasible screening method in Hong Kong.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

At what age should a one-time only colonoscopy for screening of colorectal cancer be performed?

OBJECTIVE: To determine at what age the only screening colonoscopy during lifetime should be performed to achieve the highest yield. METHODS: Medical decision analysis to calculate the loss in life years associated with mortality from colorectal cancer at different ages. RESULTS: The expected loss in life years from colorectal cancer is highest between the ages 70 to 80 years, with a peak occurring at age 75. The length of protection provided by colonoscopy plus polypectomy is estimated to last 5-10 years after the procedure. A screening colonoscopy at age 65 would, thus, protect a subject from age 65 until age 70 or 75 years. Similarly, a screening colonoscopy at age 70 would protect the subject from age 70 until age 75 or 80 years. CONCLUSIONS: The highest yield in life years by preventing death from colorectal cancer is achieved if the only colonoscopy per lifetime is scheduled between the ages of 65 and 70 years.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed2004

Anxiety during the performance of colonoscopies: modification using music therapy.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Colonoscopies are usually performed using pharmacological sedation. This process entails certain risks. In the search for alternative methods, some studies have analysed the effect music can have on patients during the procedure when used as a complement to sedation. We present a prospective, randomized study in which we assess the anxiolytic action music has when it is administered during a single colonoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 118 patients who were scheduled for ambulatory colonoscopies. They were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 55) and the experimental group (n = 63). We determined their levels of anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test (STAI) form, which they filled in before and after the examination. Patients listened to music through personal headphones. RESULTS: The score on the STAI form before the examination was 25.25 +/- 10.49 and 28.16 +/- 11.43 in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The decrease of the score on the STAI scale after the colonoscopy in the control and experimental groups was 6.27 (95% confidence interval, 3.26-9.28) and 11.35 (95% confidence interval, 8.64-14.05), respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Listening to music during ambulatory colonoscopies decreases the level of anxiety that is inherent to the process without other anxiolytic methods.

Anxiety↗

PubMed2006

Use of tegaserod along with polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution for colonoscopy bowel preparation: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (PEG-EL) used for colonoscopy preparation is not well tolerated by several patients. A significant number of patients have inadequate bowel preparation despite taking PEG-EL. AIMS: To determine the effect of prokinetic agent, tegaserod when given in addition to PEG-EL on patient tolerance, quality of colonic preparation and adverse side effects experienced. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, a total of 130 patients scheduled for colonoscopy were enrolled. They were instructed to take three pills of either tegaserod 6 mg each or placebo (one pill twice on the day prior to and third pill in the morning on the day of colonoscopy) in addition to standard 4L of PEG-EL in the evening prior to the day of colonoscopy. Patient tolerance of preparation, quality of bowel preparation, overall satisfaction and adverse side effects were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients in placebo group and 58 patients in tegaserod group completed the study. There was no difference between the two groups in the tolerance of preparation, quality of bowel preparation, overall satisfaction and the side effects. CONCLUSION: Addition of tegaserod to polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution during colonoscopy preparation does not improve patient tolerance, quality of colonic preparation or the adverse side effects.

Colon↗