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PubMed1985

[Determination of resistance and antibiotic therapy in bacterial eye diseases of childhood].

From June 1982 to December 1983 children aged between 3 days and 5 years (average 2-1/2 years) with bacterial conjunctivitis, blennorrhea or perforated corneal ulcers were examined microbiologically. The results of 30 antibiotic susceptibility tests were compared with those of adults. Prevalence of Escherichia coli (6%) and Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus (17%) was observed; Candida species was not found in the young children. Pediatric diseases revealed themselves to be more pronounced in general. The authors diagnosed 3 chlamydial blennorrheas in newborn aged 7, 8 and 10 days. Mixed infections were found significantly less often in children (21%) than in adults (64%). The authors point out the need for epidemiologic antibiotic susceptibility studies to facilitate decision making for ad hoc therapeutic measures that are sometimes indicated in endophthalmitis or severe blennorrhea. The possible complications of antibiotic polypragmasia and the use of fixed combinations are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Massive blenorrhea in a newborn infant caused by a Chlamydia trachomatis subtype].

An 8-day-old baby girl was found to be suffering from massive blennorrhoea caused by a strain of Chlamydia trachomatis. Differential diagnosis included possible bacterial (e.g. Pseudomonas, Staphylococci and Haemophilus sp.) and viral causes of the disease. A 10-day systemic therapy with erythromycin 50 mg/kg/body weight is sufficient to prevent possible complications such as pneumonia. The parents also have to be treated for this disease.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1978

Chlamydia trachomatis infant pneumonitis: comparison with matched controls and other infant pneumonitis.

We determined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 30 consecutive hospitalized infants less than six months of age with pneumonitis and in 28 matched controls (nine of 30 vs. one of 28. P less than 0.05). In comparing 16 cases of pneumonitis due to C. trachomatis with 27 not due to that agent, we found several distinguishing clinical and laboratory features: C. trachomatis was highly correlated with radiographic hyperinflation, prolonged cough and congestion, greater than or equal to 400 eosinophils per cubic millimeter and serum lgG greater than or equal to 500 and lgM greater than or equal to 110 mg per deciliter. C. trachomatis was responsible for 13 of 21 cases seen at three to 11 weeks vs. three of 22 seen at other ages. Antibody to C. trachomatis in tears (13 of 14 vs. two of 27), nasopharynx (12 of 14 vs. one of 27) and blood (16 of 16 vs. two of 23) was specific for C. trachomatis pneumonitis. C. trachomatis is prevalent among hospitalized infants with pneumonitis. Conjunctival infection precedes C. trachomatis pneumonitis more commonly than has previously been thought.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Experience with the routine use of erythromycin for chlamydial infections in pregnancy.

In an effort to prevent perinatal acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis, we offered treatment with erythromycin ethylsuccinate (400 mg four times a day for seven days, given at 36 weeks' gestation) to 184 pregnant women with cervical chlamydial infections. Thirty-two women refused treatment; 24 of their infants were followed and served as the controls. Therapy was discontinued by 5 of 10 women who had gastrointestinal disturbances. Forty-seven women who completed therapy refused infant follow-up; in four (9 percent) of these women, therapy had failed to eradicate the infection. Sixty women and 59 infants completed the entire protocol; 55 (92 percent) of the women had negative cultures for chlamydia at follow-up. Chlamydial infection developed in 4 (7 percent) of the 59 infants of treated mothers, as compared with 12 (50 percent) of the 24 infants of untreated mothers; this difference was significant (P less than 0.001). With a success rate of 92 percent (98 of 107 patients) in treating maternal infection and with a relatively low intolerance rate (3 percent; 5 of 152), this regimen appears to be an effective, although not ideal, therapy for chlamydial infection in pregnant women. We conclude that in settings in which the prevalence of chlamydia infection is high, a routine program of screening pregnant women for cervical C. trachomatis, followed by treatment of those infected, would be cost effective and would reduce infant morbidity.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed2000

The red eye.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chlamydial and gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in The Gambia.

Swabs were taken for isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 112 infants with ophthalmia neonatorum attending a hospital in The Gambia. C. trachomatis was isolated from 37 (33%) and N. gonorrhoeae from 28 (25%), with both organisms being present in three cases (3%). A prospective study of 335 neonates was also undertaken in a Gambian town. Fifty-five infants (16%) showed clinical evidence of ophthalmia neonatorum. C. trachomatis was isolated from nine of these (16%) and N. gonorrhoeae from seven (13%).

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1993

Ophthalmia neonatorum in Bangkok: the significance of Chlamydia trachomatis.

In a prospective 2-month case-controlled study, 17 cases of neonatal conjunctivitis were diagnosed. A statistically significant association between neonatal conjunctivitis and the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis (five cases) and Staphylococcus aureus (five cases) was shown. No cases of gonococcal conjunctivitis were found, perhaps because of the routine use of silver nitrate (1%) drops. C. trachomatis conjunctivitis could not be diagnosed on clinical grounds, nor was examination of Giemsa-stained conjunctival scrapes sufficiently sensitive to detect all cases. In order to prevent the long-term morbidity of C. trachomatis infection in both mother and child, specific aetiological diagnosis using immunodiagnostic or cultural procedures is required.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1999

Chlamydia trachomatis lower respiratory tract infection in infants.

Chlamydia trachomatis may be an important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants born to mothers amongst whom there is a high prevalence of sexually transmitted disease. A study of 100 ambulatory infants with signs of LRTI in South Africa showed that 6% had C. trachomatis infection. The majority of the infected infants had received chloramphenicol eye ointment as prophylaxis. Half had previously visited a health facility for the same illness but the infection has been misdiagnosed. Infants with C. trachomatis infection were According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines, 85% were younger than uninfected infants (mean (SD) age of 3.8 weeks (3.2) vs 8.7 weeks (5.4); p=0.03). Clinical signs significantly associated with chlamydial infection were the presence of eye discharge (p = 0.02) or conjunctivitis (p = 0.01). There was a greater rate of rhinorrhoea (p = 0.06) and wheeze (p = 0.03) amongst patients without chlamydial infection. H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and N. gonorrhoeae were cultured from five different patients infected with chlamydia. The majority of infants with chlamydial infection had mild disease requiring only outpatient anti- biotic therapy.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Importance of reinfection in the pathogenesis of trachoma.

The authors' epidemiologic studies of trachoma on Taiwan and experimental monkey eye infections with and without Chlamydia trachomatis immunization are reviewed for the data they provide on the pathogenesis of trachoma. These studies indicate that trachoma is an immunopathologic disease in which the more severe progressive trachoma infections with pannus and scar formation occur only after reinfection. This hypothesis is supported by a 10-year study of 32 family households that were followed with repeated clinical and laboratory observations. Although most cases of active trachoma healed spontaneously, there were 26 persons in nine families who developed clinical and laboratory evidence of 29 episodes of new trachoma eye infection. On the basis of the clinical disease, its persistence, and the laboratory findings, these 29 new infections could be divided into 10 primary, nine secondary, and 10 tertiary infections. Details of the different stages of infection leading to chronic trachoma are presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The humoral immune response to chlamydial infection in humans.

The serodiagnostic methods commonly used for the detection of antibodies in various chlamydial infections, the value of serodiagnosis, and the role of humoral responses in human immunity are reviewed. The methods most commonly used for serodiagnosis of chlamydial infections are indirect immunofluorescence tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These tests are highly sensitive and have been extensively used in epidemiologic and clinical studies of chlamydial infections. The evidence suggests that these tests are cost effective for population screening and that the presence of a high level of specific IgG or IgM in blood or of IgG or IgA in local discharges is a useful indicator for the provisional diagnosis of chlamydial infection.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗