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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

The effects of colostomy on the quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of colostomy on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) by designing a questionnaire that used self-reported data and correlating these data with the clinical information obtained from patients' medical records. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive QOL questionnaire was designed to specifically address the following 5 domains: physical health, psychosocial adjustment, body image, self-efficacy, and recreation/leisure. This questionnaire was completed during a telephone or an in-person interview. The subjective data derived from the questionnaire were correlated with objective medical information obtained from a review of medical records. RESULTS: The QOL improved significantly (t = 9.1 28, P < .0001) after colostomy. All 27 (100%) patients were "satisfied," and 16 (59%) of them were "very satisfied" with colostomy. Nineteen (70%) patients would have preferred to have the colostomy done earlier, and only 3 (11%) patients wished it reversed. Colostomy reduced the number of hospitalizations caused by chronic bowel dysfunction by 70.4%. After colostomy, the average amount of time spent on bowel care was reduced from 117.0 min/day to 12.8 min/day (t = 7.964, P < .0001). All patients stated that colostomy simplified bowel care routine and increased independence. Significant improvements were recorded in the areas of physical health, psychosocial adjustment, and self-efficacy. Stoma prolapse and wound dehiscence were the most common complications of stomal surgery. When compared with medical data, patients were able to reliably recall average time with bowel problems (r = .881, P < .0001) and stomal surgery complications (r = .810, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Colostomy is a safe and effective treatment for chronic bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury. It is well accepted by the patients and significantly improves QOL and bowel management procedures. Correlation analysis indicates that subjective patient-reported data are consistent with objective data obtained from the medical records.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Regional differences in consumption of 103 fat products in Belgium: a supermarket-chain sales approach.

OBJECTIVE: In Belgium, important regional differences in mortality exist which have been linked to differences in dietary consumption patterns. METHODS: To study regional food consumption in Belgium, sales data of 103 spreading and cooking fat products in 110 branch stores of a major supermarket chain (Colruyt) for 12 months (1991-92) were analyzed. RESULTS: Sale of more ordinary and polyunsaturated spreading margarine and of more polyunsaturated low-fat spread in the north in combination with a greater sale of butter and dairy low-fat spread in the south resulted in a P/S-ratio of 0.99 in the north vs. 0.40 in the south (p < 0.001) and a U/S-ratio of 1.93 vs. 1.10 (p < 0.001) for spreading fats. The P/S- and U/S-ratios of cooking fats were lower in the north (ns). Mortality data correlated positively with the sale of butter and dairy low-fat spread and negatively with sales data of spreading margarine, polyunsaturated spreading margarine, and polyunsaturated low-fat spread (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Sales data from supermarket chains provide useful information on regional fat consumption and offer interesting perspectives of trends over time.

Belgium↗

PubMed1980

Urinary tract infection caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae.

A case of Haemophilus parainfluenzae urinary tract infection is reported, with clinical history and bacteriologic data. Other reports of this organism causing urinary tract infection could not be found. The importance of correlating data from clean-catch urine microscopic analysis, Gram stain, and culture is emphasized, together with the possible modes of spread in a compromised host.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The comparative validity of MCMI-II and MMPI-2 personality disorder scales with forensic examinees.

This study demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the MMPI-2 and MCMI-II personality disorder scales with forensic examinees. Based on averaged correlational data, the scales performed comparably with previous findings in psychiatric samples. Furthermore, the scales demonstrated increased convergent correlations. Improved convergence was obtained for the Antisocial, Sadistic, Borderline, Schizotypal and Paranoid scales. Decreased convergence on the Dependent and Avoidant scales was also obtained.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Method and effect of adjustment for heterogeneous variance of Holstein conformation traits.

Type classification records of Canadian Holsteins were investigated for evidence of heterogeneous variance across herds. Data consisted of records for 1,139,104 cows from 20,226 herds with classifications on 26 conformation traits collected from 1982 through 1992 and 338,046 cows from 9600 herds with classifications on 2 additional traits from 1990 through 1992. Phenotypic standard deviations of herd-round-classifier were fitted to a mixed model that included round, classifier, and region as fixed effects, herd size as a covariant, and herd as a random effect. Estimates of the variance components, solutions of fixed effects, and BLUP estimates for herd were obtained by maximum likelihood procedures. Repeatability of within-herd standard deviation across rounds ranged from 1.4 to 10.3% for the 28 traits. Type classification data were subsequently standardized for phenotypic standard deviations of herd-round-classifier that were derived from estimates of the fixed effects and the BLUP estimate of the herd effect. Genetic evaluations for cows and bulls were produced from adjusted and unadjusted data. Correlations between 3754 sire and 1,142,782 cow estimated transmitting abilities obtained from unadjusted and adjusted data were essentially unity. Although some evidence of heterogeneous variance existed across herds for 28 conformation traits, standardization of the classification records had only a minor effect on genetic evaluations.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Optical spectroscopy as an in vitro method to monitor aldose reductase inhibitors in the lens.

The tricyclic ring structure of several of the aldose reductase inhibitors indicates that they could be detected by optical spectroscopy in certain ocular tissues. Four of these compounds (Quercetin, Quercitrin, AY22-284, and Sorbinil) were investigated with respect to their UV absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence characteristics. All absorb in the UV wavelength and have measurable fluorescence (room temperature) and phosphorescence characteristics (77 K). The phosphorescence characteristics were utilized to monitor for the presence of Quercetin, Quercitrin, and AY22-284 in rat, rabbit, and human lenses incubated with each of the inhibitors. Following IP injection, rat and rabbit lenses were removed and subjected to phosphorescence spectroscopy for these three reagents. AY22-284 gave the sharpest and clearest phosphorescence spectra with emission wavelengths well removed from intrinsic lens phosphorescence. It can be detected in the extracted ocular lens within 30 minutes after in vivo IP administration, as well as in vitro lens incubations. The spectral data correlate well with aldose reductase inhibitor levels in such lenses as measured by a biochemical technique. Similar data were obtained with Quercitrin. Sorbinil was best monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy and could be detected in the lens following in vivo administration, as well as in vitro lens incubations.

Aldehyde Reductase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Longitudinal analysis of change in sports performance of women between ages 30 and 75: a comparison between peak and leisure sports participation].

The paper considers motor development in women aged 30 to 75 years. The present research examines performance changes in several track and field disciplines comparing senior master athletes and competitors on a mass sport level. The change itself and its acceleration is expressed by the linear and the coefficients of quadratic polynomials fitted to the original and the z-transformed data. Correlation-, regression- and cluster analysis as well as Manova were conducted with the coefficients and the original data from 585 and 224 repeated measurement series. Significant differences were found for the original data and the change parameters: 1) Between the two groups considered longitudinally and cross-sectionally, 2) within both groups concerning several disciplines and age groups considered longitudinally and cross-sectionally. Further research will be conducted with additional methods to support the present findings. The most important issue will be to investigate the interaction between the observed pattern and external variables concerning training effort, lifestyle, state of health, life events and personality traits gathered from the group at the mass sport level.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Photochemical oxidants in Novi Sad 1992-1995].

Nowadays photochemical oxidants present the most important problem of air pollution in the world, and due to this a leading cause of destroying quality of environmental health. Higher concentrations of ozone in urban areas of Europe are evident (about 1-2%) from the North to the South especially. During 1992-1995, from June to September, photochemical oxidants concentrations were studied (ozone at 4 a.m. and 4 p.m.; nitrogen dioxide at 8 a.m.; formaldehyde at 8 a.m. and total carbon dioxide at 8 a.m.) all factors of "Summer photochemical smog", with records on the number of vehicles on highways and climate data. Gathered results show that the health of the population is not endangered by Summer smog. Linear correlation data of certain pollutants with climate (temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative air humidity) are in accordance with data in the world.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1990

Multinuclear magnetic resonance studies of the 2Fe.2S* ferredoxin from Anabaena species strain PCC 7120. 2. Sequence-specific carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 resonance assignments of the oxidized form.

Multinuclear two-dimensional NMR techniques were used to assign nearly all diamagnetic 13C and 15N resonances of the plant-type 2Fe.2S* ferredoxin from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Since a 13C spin system directed strategy had been used to identify the 1H spin systems [Oh, B.-H., Westler, W. M., & Markley, J. L. (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 3083-3085], the sequence-specific 1H assignments [Oh, B.-H., & Markley, J. L. (1990) Biochemistry (first paper of three in this issue)] also provided sequence-specific 13C assignments. Several resonances from 1H-13C groups were assigned independently of the 1H assignments by considering the distances between these nuclei and the paramagnetic 2Fe.2S* center. A 13C-15N correlation data set was used to assign additional carbonyl carbons and to analyze overlapping regions of the 13C-13C correlation spectrum. Sequence-specific assignments of backbone and side-chain nitrogens were based on 1H-15N and 13C-15N correlations obtained from various two-dimensional NMR experiments.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1981

Adjuvant therapy for stage II, estrogen receptor negative breast cancer.

The estrogen receptor (ER) assay provides information which correlates with the proliferative potential, pathology and prognosis for patients with breast cancer. A review of our natural history data correlating ER and axillary node involvement at the time of mastectomy with prognosis allows the identification of a high risk subset of patients with early recurrence and poor survival. Patients with ER negative, stage II disease had a significantly higher recurrence rate, and poorer overall survival was observed in spite of systemic therapy instituted at relapse. Based on this data we initiated a pilot study of intensive adjuvant therapy for women with ER negative, stage II breast cancer. At a median follow-up of 19 months for 39 treated patients, both a disease free and overall survival advantage is apparent for treated patients. Morbidity was low, with no therapy related hospitalizations. We have demonstrated the feasibility of intensive therapy for this high risk group. For a definitive answer the patient resources of a cooperative group will be needed.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed2000

Comparison of different busulfan analogues for depletion of hematopoietic stem cells and promotion of donor-type chimerism in murine bone marrow transplant recipients.

Busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate, BU) is relatively unique among other standard chemotherapy compounds in its ability to deplete noncycling primitive stem cells in the host and consequently to allow for high levels of long-term, donor-type engraftment after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Such a property explains why this drug can be used as an alternative to total body irradiation in preparative regimes for BMT. However, as with radiation, BU conditioning is still troubled by severe toxicities that limit its applications to suboptimal drug doses. These problems stress the need for other BMT-conditioning drugs that are better tolerated and more selectively targeted toward normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cells. We have therefore compared the effects of various novel dimethanesulfonate compounds (related to BU) in terms of their toxicity to different stem cell subsets in vivo and in vitro and their ability to provide for long-term donor bone marrow engraftment using the congenic glucose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 marker. Introduction of a benzene or cyclohexane ring in some of these drugs affords rigidity to the molecule and restricts the spatial positioning of the alkylating groups. Among 25 different compounds thus far tested at single doses, PL63 [cis-1,2-(2-hydroxyethyl) cyclohexane dimethanesulfonate] proved to be the most effective in providing for hematopoietic engraftment. The transisomer of the same compound gave significantly less engraftment and was comparable with the effects of dimethylbusulfan and Hepsulfam. The engraftment data correlated well with the depletion of different bone marrow stem cell subsets in the host as measured using the cobblestone area forming cell assay. The extent of stem cell depletion could not be explained on the basis of the distance and orientation of the two alkylating groups. Pharmacokinetic data, however, indicate that there is a correlation between biological activity and plasma levels reached. The diverse cytotoxic effects shown by these novel analogues of BU have provided a basis for relating biological activity with pharmacokinetic properties rather than with structural properties such as distance and orientation of the two alkylating groups. The identification of highly active compounds such as PL63 offers an opportunity for further developing other closely related drugs for potential application in clinical BMT conditioning therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Application of spectrofluorometry to the prediction of PHB concentrations in a fed-batch process.

On-line estimation of biopolymer production during fermentation would be a useful adjunct to the development of strategies for process control and optimization. This study examined the applicability of spectrofluorometry, along with other on-line measurements, for the prediction of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) concentrations in a high-cell density fed-batch fermentation of Ralstonia eutropha. Models previously used for modelling PHB evolution with time are not sufficiently accurate for situations where transient intermediate accumulations or PHB degradation occur. Thus, the mass balance in the model was modified to account for these situations. An estimation algorithm was developed that is based on a hybrid model consisting of a dynamic mass balance of PHB where the main reaction coefficient was regressed with respect to spectrofluorometric data. The regression between the kinetic parameter and the spectrofluorometric data was accomplished using partial least squares (PLS) regression to avoid high sensitivity to noise expected from highly correlated data, such as the spectrofluorometric readings. The model accounts for dynamics of intermediates and in this way allows the prediction of dynamic behaviour in PHB concentrations that cannot be predicted with other reported mathematical models.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2003

Fluid intake and the risk of tumor recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: High fluid intake has been associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer development in men. We evaluated whether higher fluid intake can impact tumor recurrence rates in patients with superficial bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective single institution analysis of fluid intake in 267 consecutive patients with superficial bladder cancer undergoing routine bladder cancer surveillance between January 1998 and December 2001. Fluid intake questionnaires, urine cytology and physical examination were routinely performed at each surveillance cystoscopy. Cytological and histological recurrences were recorded. All patients had a minimum followup of 2 years. RESULTS: No relationship between fluid intake and tumor recurrence was demonstrated. Average daily fluid intake was 2,654 ml daily, which was well within the highest protective level (more than 2,531 ml) previously reported. However, multivariate analysis failed to show a protective effect against recurrence at any level of fluid intake. Increasing age correlated with decreased fluid intake (Pearson's correlation coefficient -0.19, p = 0.0015), but did not increase the risk of recurrence (p = 0.59). Single fluid intake data correlated with the average of additional fluid intakes (median 5 per patient) in the same patient (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.45, p < 0.0001). Of the study population 123 patients (46%) experienced 1 or more tumor recurrences (range 0 to 11) within a median followup of 2.6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study of fluid intake in patients with superficial bladder cancer at risk for recurrence did not find any association between daily fluid intake levels and tumor recurrence.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

A comparison of soil moisture sensors for space flight applications.

Plants will be an important part of future long-term space missions. Automated plant growth systems require accurate and reliable methods of monitoring soil moisture levels. There are a number of different methods to accomplish this task. This study evaluated sensors using the capacitance method (ECH2O), the heat-pulse method (TMAS), and tensiometers, compared to soil water loss measured gravimetrically in a side-by-side test. The experiment monitored evaporative losses from substrate compartments filled with 1- to 2-mm baked calcinated clay media. The ECH2O data correlated well with the gravimetric measurements, but over a limited range of soil moisture. The averaged TMAS sensor data overstated soil moisture content levels. The tensiometer data appeared to track evaporative losses in the 0.5- to 2.5-kPa range of matric potential that corresponds to the water content needed to grow plants. This small range is characteristic of large particle media, and thus high-resolution tensiometers are required to distinguish changing moisture contents in this range.

Biosensing Techniques↗

PubMed1996

Suppressor T cell subsets in allergic rhinitis patients.

Lymphocyte T cell subsets, total and Parietaria IgE levels were studied in 68 allergic rhinitis patients. In treated patients we observed an increase in the lymphocyte T cell subsets, which express a suppressor function, defined by several monoclonal antibodies, i.e., CD8, CD8 + CD11b-, CD4 + CD62L+, CD4 + CD45RO. This increase was significant for T suppressor cells, CD8 + CD11b- (p < 0.046) and T memory cells, CD4 + CD45RO (p < 0.013), whereas a slight decrease was observed in the control group. A decrease in total serum IgE levels was observed in anti-H2 treated patients; only a slight increase was noted in placebo groups; and no variations were found in Parietaria levels in either group. In vitro culture of T lymphocyte clones, T memory cells, from atopic subjects produces IL-4, which induces an increase in IgE synthesis. An increase in T memory cells, observed in the treated group, should have accompanied an increase and not a decrease in total serum IgE levels, if the in vivo data correlated with those in vitro. Consequently, the behaviour of lymphocytes in vivo is not homologous to in vitro data.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Flexibility and traditionality in children's gender roles.

The present study examined the correlates of variability in children's gender-role preferences. A multidimensional test battery assessed the traditionality of preferences of 376 kindergarten and third grade children in five different gender role domains, and elicited information about three significant socialization agents (parents, peers, and media). Parents of the children (N = 358) were also interviewed with regard to their attitudes and sex role socialization practices. Predictions were generated from an existing theoretical developmental model. Boys exhibited stronger sex-typed preferences than did girls. Older girls were more flexible and older boys less flexible than were their younger counterparts. In accordance with prediction, two factors were obtained; the first relevant to current gender-related activities, the other to future expectations. Present-oriented gender preferences correlated best with peer perceptions, whereas future expectations (e.g. job aspirations) were best predicted by media choices. Parental data correlated with children's preferences but not as strongly as did the peer and media scales. Predictability of children's gender-role orientations was reasonably high when a number of factors were included, thus supporting the utility of a multidimensional approach.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Application of computational mechanics to the analysis of natural data: an example in geomagnetism.

We discuss how the ideal formalism of computational mechanics can be adapted to apply to a noninfinite series of corrupted and correlated data, that is typical of most observed natural time series. Specifically, a simple filter that removes the corruption that creates rare unphysical causal states is demonstrated, and the concept of effective soficity is introduced. We believe that computational mechanics cannot be applied to a noisy and finite data series without invoking an argument based upon effective soficity. A related distinction between noise and unresolved structure is also defined: Noise can only be eliminated by increasing the length of the time series, whereas the resolution of previously unresolved structure only requires the finite memory of the analysis to be increased. The benefits of these concepts are demonstrated in a simulated times series by (a) the effective elimination of white noise corruption from a periodic signal using the expletive filter and (b) the appearance of an effectively sofic region in the statistical complexity of a biased Poisson switch time series that is insensitive to changes in the word length (memory) used in the analysis. The new algorithm is then applied to an analysis of a real geomagnetic time series measured at Halley, Antarctica. Two principal components in the structure are detected that are interpreted as the diurnal variation due to the rotation of the Earth-based station under an electrical current pattern that is fixed with respect to the Sun-Earth axis and the random occurrence of a signature likely to be that of the magnetic substorm. In conclusion, some useful terminology for the discussion of model construction in general is introduced.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Relationship between total cerebral blood flow and ICP measured noninvasively with dynamic MRI technique in healthy subjects.

Cerebral blood flow and ICP are important neurophysiologic parameters known to be affected by pathology and by trauma. Limited data on the relationship between these parameters following head trauma is inconsistent with regard to whether these parameters are correlated. Data on the relationship between these parameters in the healthy state is not readily available due to a lack of noninvasive means to measure these important parameters. A recently developed noninvasive MRI-based method for simultaneous measurement of total cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure was applied to establish the relationship between ICP and TCBF values in healthy subjects. Seventy-one simultaneous measurements of CBF and ICP were obtained from 23 healthy young adults. These results demonstrated that CBF values span over a much narrower range compared with ICP. The relationship between the inter-individual CBF and ICP measurements suggest that in the healthy state and in rest these parameters are not correlated.

Adult↗