SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Crown-Rump Length”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1982

Histogenesis of the reticular groove of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) stomach.

Histogenesis of the reticular groove (sulcus reticuli) of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) was observed from primordial stage to birth. The epithelium of the reticular groove was considered early embryonic until a crown-rump (CR) length of 2.2 cm, and was uniformly distributed at CR 2.2 cm; superficial and basal zones developed by CR 3.2. cm. At CR 10.5 cm, the basal zone in the floor evaginated and formed longitudinal folds. At CR 25.5 cm, the basal zone in the lipids evaginated and formed papillae. The core of the longitudinal folds and papillae was formed by the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa. Keratinization was seen at CR 50.5 cm, and the epithelium was stratified squamous epithelium with keratinization, similar to that of the adult buffalo. The floor and lip had a single layer of muscle. A small oblique muscle layer was also found in the concavity of the lip. The correlation between structure and function of the reticular groove is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Estimating the age of the human foetus from crown-rump measurements.

When data from various sources were compared, it was found that estimates of foetal age based upon crown-rump measurements varied considerably. These variations are probably related to the positions in which the foetuses were measured. Tables relating foetal age to foetal length should therefore specify the precise posture in which the foetus was placed for measurement. A standard readily reproducible position is proposed for the foetus when recording its length and it is suggested that crown-rump length should be related to "conceptual" age instead of the more conventional "menstrual" age.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1983

The foetal thyroid of the dromedary: its relation to body weight and dimensions and to the weight of the Dam's thyroid.

Growth and iodine content of the thyroid glands in relation to body weight, length [total (BCVRT), crown-rump (CR), and curved crown-rump (CVR)], chest circumference (CC), and age were investigated in 83 camel foetuses from 70 to 355 days of gestation (mean gestation length 390 days). Weight and iodine content of the dam's thyroid were also studied. Highly significant (P less than 0.01) correlations of 0.883, 0.797, 0.798, 0.792, and 0.813 were obtained between foetal thyroid weights on the one hand and body weight, BCVRT, CR, CVR, and CC on the other hand. A significant (P less than 0.05) correlation of 0.345 was obtained between weights of the foetal thyroid and dam's thyroid. The relative weight of the foetal thyroid to body weight was 0.045% at 70-99 days of gestation, but decreased to 0.028 (0.023 to 0.036%) in the subsequent stages. Iodine trapping by the foetal thyroid was first detected at 100-129 days of gestation. Total iodine then increased until 310 days, but decreased thereafter. The foetal thyroid has 4 to 25 times higher avidity to iodine accumulation than that of the dam.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

In vitro embryotoxic effects of ethylene glycol in rats.

Rat embryos of the CD strain were treated in a whole embryo culture system with either 30 or 40 microliters of ethylene glycol (EG) per milliliter of culture medium for the first 8 (0-8 hr) or second 8 (8-16 hr) hr of a 48-hr culture period. The compound was not embryolethal under these conditions but did alter growth and development. EG at 40 microliters/ml of culture medium at 8-16 hr decreased morphological score, somite number, crown-rump and head lengths, as well as DNA and protein contents. The most frequent abnormality induced by the compound was absence of yolk sac circulation; absent hindlimb bud, hypoplastic telencephalon, and lack of development of the otic and optic systems were also seen in EG-exposed embryos. Since it has been reported that rodent embryos cultured in vitro lack alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases that metabolize EG, present results suggest that the parent compound is capable of altering normal embryonic development when administered during a brief period or organogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Lack of attenuation of valproic acid-induced effects by folinic acid in rat embryos in vitro.

The anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA) is suspected to be a developmental toxicant in humans, inducing primarily neural tube defects. The mechanism for this effect is unknown, but it has been suggested that the drug may act via a deficiency of the vitamin folic acid. We examined this possibility by concurrent treatment of rat embryos in a whole embryo culture system with VPA and folinic acid (FA), a folic acid derivative. Groups of CD rat embryos were treated with various concentrations of VPA, various concentrations of FA, or a combination of a teratogenic dose of VPA plus various levels of FA. At the end of the 44 hour culture period, each embryo was evaluated for viability (presence of a heartbeat), yolk sac circulation, presence of any malformations, morphological score, crown-rump and head lengths, as well as DNA and protein contents. The anticonvulsant did not decrease viability but did decrease yolk sac circulation and all growth and developmental endpoints in a dose-responsive manner. There was also a dose-related increase in the incidence of open neural tubes. The addition of FA alone had no significant effect on growth and development. When various concentrations of FA were added simultaneously with a teratogenic dose of VPA, there was no decrease in the incidence of open neural tubes. Growth and developmental endpoints were altered in a somewhat random fashion but were never increased to the control level. The lack of attenuation by FA was not due to instability of the compound in the culture system, nor was there a difference in the amount of FA present in the exocoelomic fluid of VPA-treated and control embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Protection of rat embryos in culture against the embryotoxicity of acrolein using exogenous glutathione.

The aldehyde acrolein is embryotoxic in vivo and in vitro. Since acrolein is reactive towards thiols, glutathione was evaluated for its protective effects against the in vitro embryotoxicity of acrolein. Day 10 rat embryos were cultured in the presence of acrolein and glutathione, either concurrently or sequentially, and evaluated for embryo deaths, malformations, growth retardation, and content of glutathione and protein. Acrolein, added alone at the initiation of the culture period, was embryolethal to 64 and 100% of the embryos at 120 and 160 microM respectively. At acrolein concentrations of 80 and 120 microM, 50 and 100%, respectively, of the surviving embryos were malformed. In addition, both of these concentrations of acrolein produced growth retardation manifested by significant decreases in the yolk sac diameter, crown-rump and head lengths, number of somites, and morphological score. Concurrent exposure to 100 or 500 microM glutathione markedly protected embryos against all of these effects. To study the mechanism of the protective effect of glutathione against the embryotoxicity of acrolein, the effects of sequential addition of acrolein and glutathione were determined. When rat embryos were cultured in the presence of acrolein for 2 hr prior to exposure to glutathione, even 500 microM glutathione could not offer any protection against the embryolethality, teratogenicity, and growth retardation induced by acrolein. However, a 6-hr preincubation with 500 microM glutathione, prior to exposure to acrolein (in the absence of exogenous glutathione), significantly decreased the incidence of embryo deaths at 160 microM acrolein and brought the number of deaths and malformations among embryos exposed to 120 microM acrolein down to a level not significantly different from control; unlike the embryos exposed concurrently to acrolein and glutathione, however, the sequential treatment with glutathione and acrolein did not protect against growth retardation. While there were some changes in the total glutathione and protein content of embryos and yolk sacs with acrolein exposure, none of the treatments had any overall effect on the glutathione concentration per mg protein. Thus, exogenous glutathione can protect against the in vitro embryotoxicity of acrolein. We propose that this protection is mediated in part by a direct interaction between glutathione and acrolein, added concurrently to the serum medium, and in part by an indirect effect on the embryo of glutathione added prior to acrolein.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1984

Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. IV. Growth of infants in the first year.

Growth was evaluated in rhesus monkey infants that were the offspring of females given a marginally zinc-deficient diet (4 micrograms/g zinc) from the beginning of pregnancy and through 12 months of postnatal life. These zinc-deficient (ZD) infants were compared to controls whose mothers were fed a complete diet, either ad libitum or pair-fed to zinc-deficient dams, throughout gestation and lactation. Male ZD infants had evidence of growth retardation at birth. In contrast, growth retardation in female ZD infants was not observed until 1 month of age. From 3 to 9 months of age (late lactation and subsequent to weaning) ZD infants attained weights similar to those of the control group. However, analysis of crown-rump and femur length indicated that ZD infants' growth was less than optimal throughout the entire 1st yr of observation. In addition, skinfold thickness was markedly higher in ZD than in control infants in the postweaning period. In the juvenile period (9-12 months of age) both male and female ZD animals fell behind controls in body weight. ZD juveniles were also hypogeusic, as determined by a quinine acceptance test. Low weight ZD infants had reduced somatic growth as reflected in sitting height, long bone growth, head circumference, and limb circumference. Regression analysis indicated that impaired growth rates from 9 to 12 months were associated with both lower food intake and reduced food use efficiency. Plasma zinc concentration was, in general, inversely related to weight gain in both groups during the 1st yr.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Effects of a natural versus artificial environment on the tempo of maturation in female rhesus monkeys.

To identify factors that regulate the tempo of growth and puberty, the present study examined how the environment influenced the timing of menarche and first ovulation in rhesus monkeys and how these events were related to differential rates of growth. Spring-born females were raised from 12 months of age under natural outdoor conditions (OH; n = 6) or indoors (IH; n = 9) under a controlled photoperiod (12h of light, 12h of darkness) and temperature (20-23 C). Ages at the initial increases in serum bioactive LH levels (27.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 31.4 +/- 1.0 months), menarche (26.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 32.5 +/- 0.9 months), and first ovulation (33.9 +/- 1.4 vs. 43.5 +/- 0.3 months) were significantly advanced in IH compared to OH females. First ovulation for the OH females occurred exclusively in October and November of the fourth year, whereas the distribution of first ovulation of IH females was biomodal, with seven of nine occurring in November or December at 31.8 +/- 0.5 months, and two of nine ovulating in September or October at 41.2 +/- 0.5 months. Serum levels of PRL varied seasonally in OH females throughout development, with peaks in July and nadirs in October. A similar rhythm was observed for IH females during the first 12 months of indoor housing, after which point the period decreased from 11.9 +/- 0.5 to 9.3 +/- 0.6 months. Overall increments in body weight did not differ between groups. An acceleration of growth in both crown-rump and tibial lengths occurred just before menarche in both groups, and this occurred at about 26 months for IH and about 32 months for OH females. Skeletal maturity was significantly advanced at 27 months in IH females and at every chronological age thereafter. Serum concentrations of somatomedin-C and GH paralleled group differences in bone maturation. Both hormones were significantly elevated by 16-18 months of age in IH animals compared to OH females and remained so until 34-36 months of age. Although a distinct seasonal rhythm in both GH and somatomedin-C was evident in OH animals, no such pattern was observed in IH females. These data suggest that exposure to an outdoor environment moderates the tempo of both sexual and skeletal maturation. The acceleration in reproductive development in animals exposed to a constant environment was associated with an acceleration in bone maturation, suggesting that common factors may be responsible for the initiation of both events.

Aging↗

PubMed1975

Early intrauterine development: I. The rate of growth of Caucasian embryos and fetuses between the 6th and 20th weeks of gestation.

Liberalization of abortion laws in various countries and states of Europe and America has offered an opportunity for the study of the correlations between menstrual age and the rate of bodily development of human embryos and fetuses. In several institutions where local bylaws mandated the consent of the patients requesting therapeutic abortion to pathological investigation of the products of conception, various parameters of growth were measured systematically. These included crown-rump and foot lengths and body weight. The analysis of the data indicated that in the embryosic stages of development the rate of growth is substantially slower than it had been assumed previously. In the more advanced fetal stages of development the findings supported the validity of the long-established standard of Streeter. Since the current study has been based on apparently normal gestations of healthy women, whereas earlier data had rested, to a great extent, on spontaneously aborted and extopic embryon and fetuses, it seems evident that pathological specimens are not suitable for the purpose of establishing reliable standards of normal intrauterine growth rate. The present data support the suggestion, based on various experimental and clinical observations, that pathological gestations often result from abnormal ovulations that occur at times other than the mid-cycle and that such conceptions are frequently followed by a bleeding episode that simulates menstruation. It is likely that the inclusion of a high number of such cases biased the results of earlier investigations concerning embryonic growth rate on account of the frequent incidence of erroneous menstrual histories. The material available did not permit the extension of the investigation beyond the 20th week of gestation. It appears, however, that the average growth rate in the mid-trimester may be slower than the data adopted by the American Academy of Pediatrics would indicate. The possible causes of some phenomena observed in the course of the investigation, such as unexplained scatter of growth-rate patterns at all developmental stages and discrepancies among various literary data, have been discussed in some detail. While a tentative attempt has been made to correlate the investigated parameters of fetal growth with biparietal diameters of the head, a measurement accessible to direct assessment by sonography during pregnancy, the necessity of improving these standards through a prospective study has been emphasized.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗

PubMed1978

Development of the omasum in sheep.

Data are presented on the histogenesis of the omasal mucosa in sheep from the 2.5 cm crown-rump (c-r) length fetus to the adult. 11 stages of fetal development, and 4 post-natal stages, were studies. The distribution of glycogen in the omasal epithelium was also studied. During fetal life the omasal epithelium was initially stratified cuboidal in type, but the superficial layers of cells became flattened in later stages of gestation. This epithelium became extremely thick by the late stages of fetal life, reaching a maximum of 358 micron, and consisting of greater than 20 layers of cells, in the 45 cm c-r fetus (approximatelay 140 days). After birth the epithelium became markedly reduced in thickness, being approximately 77 micron in the adult, and had differentiated into a cornified stratified squamous epithelium of the adult type by 12 weeks after birth. Glycogen was extremely abundant in the omasal epithelium of the 2.5 cm fetus, and declined gradually thereafter to be almost completely absent in post-natal specimens. 4 orders of laminae were present in the adult omasum, distributed in the seqeunce 1-4-3-4-2-4-3-4-1. The 1st order was already present in fetuses of 2.5 cm c-r length, with the 2nd, 3rd and 4th appearing by the 3.5, 5.5 and 11.0 cm stages, respectively. Initial stages in the development of conical papillae were first seen in 15.0 cm fetuses, but the development of these papillae was not completed until after birth.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

[Reproduction studies of carboplatin (II)--Intravenous administration to rats during the period of fetal organogenesis].

Carboplatin, an oncostatic drug, was administered intravenously to pregnant Crj: CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats from day 7 through 17 of gestation at dose levels of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg/day. The summarized results obtained are as follows: 1. Carboplatin 4 mg/kg suppressed the maternal body weight gains from day 13 through 20 of gestation. 2. Uterine weights were reduced in F0 dams at term at carboplatin 4 mg/kg. 3. Carboplatin 4 mg/kg brought the inhibition of fetal growth accompanied by the lowered values in fetal weights, crown-rump distances and tail lengths. Furthermore, the elevated incidences of unossified 5th and 6th sternum , as well as retarded ossification of sacrococcygeal vertebrae were also noted in this dose level. 4. The birth rate was reduced in neonates (F1) at carboplatin 4 mg/kg. 5. Body weight gains in male F1 rats were suppressed at carboplatin 4 mg/kg from 4 to 8 weeks of age. 6. Carboplatin 4 mg/kg decreased the brain weights on an absolute basis in female F1 rats, but failed to affect their postnatal differentiations, early behavioral developments, learning ability, motor activity or emotional development. 7. Reproductive ability in F1 rats of both sexes were not affected by carboplatin. 8. Influences on prenatal development were not apparently observed for F2 fetuses derived from F1 rats whose dams had ever received carboplatin during the organogenetic period. Based on these results, the no-effect dose level of carboplatin under the present experimental condition was estimated to be 2 mg/kg/day against dams and their offspring.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of buspirone hydrochloride (I)--Oral administration to rats during the period of fetal organogenesis].

Buspirone hydrochloride (buspirone), an anxiolytic drug, was administered orally to pregnant Crj: CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats from day 7 through 17 of gestation at dose levels of 2, 12 and 75 mg/kg/day. The summarized results obtained are as follows: 1. Decreased activity was observed for F0 dams at buspirone 75 mg/kg. Further, the suppression of maternal body weight gains accompanied by the reduction of food consumption was shown during the administration period at the same dose level. 2. Liver weights were increased in F0 dams at term at buspirone 12 mg/kg and higher. Besides, brain, pituitary, adrenal and ovarian weights were increased in F0 dams at term at buspirone 75 mg/kg. 3. Buspirone 75 mg/kg brought the inhibition of fetal growth followed by the lowered values in fetal weights, crown-rump distances and tail lengths. Furthermore, the elevated incidence of skeletal abnormalities such as nodular and wavy ribs and unossified 5th and 6th sternum , as well as retarded ossification of cervical vertebrae, forelimbs and hindlimbs were also noted in this dose level. Also, the retarded ossification was observed at 12 mg/kg. 4. Buspirone failed to affect the parturition of F0 dams. 5. Buspirone did not function the viability of newborns (F1), and postnatal differentiations, learning ability, motility, motor activity or emotional development in F1 animals. 6. Body weight gains were depressed in female F1 rats from 4 to 9 weeks of age and food consumption was decreased in male F1 rats from 6 to 8 weeks of age at buspirone 75 mg/kg. 7. Buspirone 75 mg/kg produced suppressions of brain weights at 10 weeks of age in male and female F1 rats and lung weights at weaning in male F1 rats. Spleen weights were increased in female F1 rats at 10 weeks of age at the same dose level. However, buspirone failed to affect their reproductive ability. 8. F2 neonates derived from F1 rats whose dams had ever received buspirone during the period of fetal organogenesis showed no changes in observation items at birth. Based on these results, the no-effect dose level of oral buspirone under the present experimental condition was estimated to be 2 mg/kg/day against dams and their offspring.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1983

The effects of low dosages of trichloroethylene on chick development.

This study reports the effects of low dosages of trichloroethylene (TCE) (1-25 mumol/egg) on chick development when embryos were exposed directly to TCE on days 1 and 2 and examined at day 14 of embryogenesis. The results indicate that in terms of embryotoxicity, growth defects and morphological anomalies, the treated embryos differed significantly from the controls. The low doses of TCE tested produced 50% mortalities. Survivors in all instances exhibited these developmental defects: evisceration; subcutaneous edema; light pigmentation of the epidermis; beak malformations; club foot and patchy feathering. The incidence of these malformations varied depending on the day of exposure to TCE except for embryos treated with 1 mumol. Irrespective of the day of injection or concentration, the highest proportion of malformations were those of light pigmentation and edema. Neither controls (uninjected embryos, O) nor sham controls (mineral oil injected embryos OMO) exhibited any malformations. Differences in measurements of crown-rump (CR), leg, wing, toe and beak lengths between treated embryos and controls were significant at the P less than 0.05 level of confidence. However, there was no significant difference between the weights of livers of treated embryos and controls nor was any pathology noted for the livers. The embryotoxicity of TCE is described by comparing the average percentage of deaths caused by all concentrations of TCE injected on both days 1 and 2 of embryogenesis. For TCE injected embryos this average was 2.5 times higher than the average for sham controls and 6 times higher than for uninjected controls.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1979

Foot length--a new and potentially useful measurement in the neonate.

The foot length, occipito-frontal head circumference (OFC), crown-rump, and crown-heel length (CHL) of 123 neonates of gestational ages 26-42 weeks, were measured between 12 hours and 5 days. A gauge, designed and constructed at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, was used to measure foot length. In term babies (37-42 weeks) who were of weights appropriate for gestational age (AGA) the scatter about the mean of foot length measurements was small (coefficient of variation = 4.5%) compared with birthweight (coefficient of variation = 12.0%). The wide range of foot length measurements in babies of different gestational ages prevented maturity being accurately estimated. The mean birthweight of term light-for-dates (LFD) babies was 30.9% lower than term AGA babies, whereas the mean foot length, OFC, and body length of LFD babies was reduced by only 4.2-8.8%. There was a positive linear correlation between foot length and other indices of body size in LFD and AGA babies of all gestational ages. However, in premature babies (less than 37 weeks) the correlation between foot length and birthweight (r = 0.95) and foot length and CHL (r = 0.96) was pronounced. The 95% confidence limits of the regression lines were +/- 327 g and +/- 2.3 cm respectively. Birthweight and CHL of premature babies can therefore be estimated from a measurement of foot length that is performed simply and rapidly. Measurements of foot length are valuable in premature babies who are too ill at birth for conventional anthropometric measurements to be made, and in whom such measurements cannot be carried out subsequently because of the encumbrance of the incubator and intensive care apparatus. Drug dosages and intravenous fluid requirements based on body weight or surface area can be indirectly calculated from a measurement of foot length.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1987

[Arterial and neural pedicles of the anorectal region in the human embryo and fetus. Inductor role in normal and pathological development].

To gain a better understanding of the development of ano-rectal malformations, a study of the arterial supply of the ano-rectal region was made in 26 human embryos and fetuses. The development of the ano-rectum was studied in 20 embryos, varying in length from 3 mm to 40 mm (Crown-Rump: 22-60 days), and 6 using Born's method reconstruction; 10 fetuses aged from 3 to 7-8 months were used for a topographic study of the ano-rectal region. 40 fetuses, the majority frozen after expulsion were injected immediately. The fetuses obtained were of ages corresponding to 12-39 weeks of amenorrhea. A staged histologic study after selective micropaque injections of the inferior mesenteric artery was carried out to demonstrate the arterial parietal distribution in the ano-rectum. Smith silver impregnation method, emphasizes the connections between the rectal arteries and extrinsic and intrinsic nerves. The subdivision of the cloaca is constituted by the folding of the ano-rectal and uro-genital parts and by the thickening of the dorsal cloacal epithelium, explained perhaps by the precocious development of arterial supply. The superior rectal artery is predominant and supplies the whole of the anorectum, eventually penetrating the wall of the anal canal. The well-developed median sacral artery is surrounded by a nervous tissue which reaches the M. Levator Ani. The sympathetic nerve fibers follow the arteries until the submucous layer. The development of the intramural plexus of the rectum is independent of the arterial supply.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1987

Temporal relationship between fetal bovine skeletal growth and circulating hormonal levels.

Skeletal growth and serum hormonal levels in bovine fetuses were studied cross-sectionally from late first trimester to late third trimester of gestation (corresponding approximately to 75-275 days of age, and a crown-rump (CR) 5-105 cm/in size). Measurements of tibial and femoral lengths showed that bone growth proceeds at a 30% faster rate in fetuses of 50-105 cm CR, coincident with the appearance and exponential growth (y = 0.000207 e 0.12522 x; y, dried weights of ossification in grams and x, CR in cm) of a secondary center of ossification in the epiphysis. During this period there is an increase in the proportion of [3H]-thymidine-labeled nuclei (measured by autoradiography) in the proliferative zone of the epiphyseal growth plate and a progressive hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the epiphysis; in serum there is a rise in alkaline phosphatase activity, a rise in the calcium, and a decrease in the phosphorus concentrations. Cellularity (nuclei/area) and the proportion of [3H]-thymidine labeled nuclei in epiphyseal cartilage decline during the period of 15-105 cm CR, except at 25-45 cm CR when both parameters of chondrocyte growth have transiently stabilized. [35S]-Sulfate and [3H]-proline incorporation (cpm/100 micrograms DNA) in epiphyseal cartilage also decline initially during 10-25 cm CR, then attain a stable level during 25-50 cm CR; subsequently, [35S]-sulfate incorporation gradually increases and [3H]-proline incorporation remains at a constant level. The proportion of [3H]-thymidine-labeled nuclei in the epiphyseal growth plate also declines in early gestation, then becomes stabilized at 20-50 cm CR. The whole growth plate thickness varies during gestation and is maximal during 20-50 cm CR. The proliferative zone attains maximal thickness at 20-50 cm CR while the hypertrophied and degenerative zone has maximal thickness at 40-80 cm CR. Gestational changes of hormone levels were quantitated in fetal serum. Glucocorticoids and thyroxine were measured by radioimmunoassay; somatomedinlike bioactivity was measured as the capacity of a serum sample to stimulate [3H]-thymidine incorporation in chondrocytes compared to that of a control serum. Temporally related to the changes occurring in the skeletal tissues, there is a high serum level of glucocorticoids at 10-20 cm CR when the cartilaginous activities are declining, a peak level of serum somatomedinlike bioactivity at 20-50 cm CR when cartilage growth and metabolism become stabilized, and a rise of thyroxine level after 45 cm CR during which time there is an increasing rate of bone formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Normal prenatal growth of the golden hamster (author's transl)].

In the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) the gestation period and the loculus size of the gravid uterus from day 6 to day 15.5 (parturition) of gestation as well as the weight, width (umbilcus-black) and lenght (crown-rump) of the embryos from day 9 to the parturition were measured. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The gestation period of the golden hamster was 15 days and 15 +/- 3 hours post coitum. 2. The average values of the length (in the direction of uterine long axis) and width (mesome-trial-antimesometrial axis) in the loculus of the gravid uterus were 0.39 cm and 0.56 cm at 6 days, and 2.42 cm and 1.74 cm at 15.5 days (partiurition), respectively. 3. The average values of the crown-rump measurements, width (umblicus-back) and weight in the hamster embryos were 0.42 cm, 0.24 cm and 0.026 g at 9 days, and 2.40 cm, 1.39 cm and 2.272 g at 15.5 days (parturition), respectively. 4. The loculus size of the gravid uterus, the crown-rump measurements and width (umblicus-back) of the embryos in the period from day 13 to day 14 of gestation were markedly increased in comparison with any other period, and the weight increase of the embryos occurred rapidly from day 13 of gestation. 5. The shape of the loculus during the gestation was ovoid (mesometrial-antimesometrial axis) until the end of 10 days converged to the spherical form and thereafter changed gradually to the ovoid from in the direction of uterine long axis contraly to the previous days.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Brief communication: Morphometric data for adult lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus).

Basic morphometric data were collected from 22 adult lion-tailed macaques (M. silenus) of both sexes. M. silenus is a rare primate species from which adequate morphometric data have not heretofore been available for comparative purposes. Data collected include measures of gross body size (weight; crown-rump and rump-heel length), and for males, measures of secondary sexual characteristics (canine tooth and testes size). Degree of sexual dimorphism was marked, with males significantly larger and heavier than females. The three body size measures were correlated for males but not for females. There was substantial variation among individual males in secondary sex characteristics measurements. The data indicate than lion-tailed macaque morphometrics are consonant with the general pattern of positive allometry for body size and sexual dimorphism characteristic of the primate order.

Animals↗