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PubMed1994

Dental caries changes between 1982 and 1991 in children aged 6-12 in Athens, Greece.

The aim of this study was to compare dental caries and oral hygiene status in children aged 6-12 years in the Athens area between 1982 and 1991. Dental examinations were carried out by the same examiners in 773 children attending the same randomly selected schools sited in areas of different socioeconomic levels. The findings concerning the deciduous dention showed that the percentage of caries-free children increased in 1991 compared to 1982 by 38%. The mean deft scores were reduced by an amount ranging from 21 to 34%. Changes in caries prevalence were also observed in the permanent dention. The percentage of caries-free children for the total examined population increased by 94% while the reduction in DMFT index ranged between 38 and 70%. Treatment need was significantly lower in 1991 compared to 1982 in both dentitions. Debris index scores were similar while oral hygiene habits had slightly improved by 1991. The decline in caries levels may be attributed to the increased use of various forms of fluoride. Furthermore, dental health awareness of the population has improved.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2004

The prevalence of caries in children with a cleft lip and/or palate in Southern Vietnam.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of caries in South Vietnamese children with a known oral cleft. SETTING: The children were screened at local dental hospitals in five different cities in southern Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-four children aged 4 to 6, 11 to 13, and 14 to 16 years old with a cleft lip, cleft palate, or both were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: For every age group, clefts were divided in four types. The dmft/DMFT was specified according to criteria of the World Health Organization (1997). RESULTS: The mean number of teeth affected by caries was 9.95 for 4- to 6-year-old children, 2.97 for 11- to 13-year-old children, and 4.93 for 14- to 16-year-old children, respectively. Four- to 6-year-old children with a unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate had significantly more caries and a higher dmft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth index) than children of the same age with only a cleft lip or a cleft lip and alveolus. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnamese children with an oral cleft have high numbers of teeth affected by dental caries, and special attention will be necessary for their oral health.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Turku sugar studies XVIII. Incidence of dental caries in relation to 1-year consumption of xylitol chewing gum.

A longitudinal study was carried out in order to evaluate the caries incidence as affected by partial substitution of dietary sucrose (S) with xylitol (X), the effects of S- or X-containing chewing gums being compared during one year. The material comprised initially 102 young adults, predominantly dental and medical students, divided randomly into S- and X-groups. During the study 2 subjects were excluded, one due to lack of cooperation, the other not being allowed to enter the assigned S-group due to excessive caries prevalence. The subjects consumed 4.0 chewing gums per day in the S-group and 4.5 in the X-group. The frequency of sucrose intake was 4.2 times per day in the S-group, and 4.9 in the X-group. The caries incidence, assessed independently by clinical and radiographical means, expressed as the mean increment of decayed, missed and filled tooth surfaces, was 2.92 in the S-group, and --1.04 in the X-group. The corresponding values, when considering additionally the secondary caries reverals, were 3.76 in the S-group, and 0.33 in the X-group. The caries incidence was also expressed in combined quantitative and qualitative terms by considering in addition to the above parameters, also the changes in lesion size. The caries activity index thus calculated was 4.96 in the S-group, and 0.88 in the X-group. The results show a profound difference in the caries increment rate between the two experimental groups. The findings clearly indicate a therapeutic, caries inhibitory effect of xylitol.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Evaluation of salivary parameters and dental status in adult hemodialysis patients.

AIMS: Caries is a multifactor disease, and impaired stimulated salivary flow rate and buffering capacity are the best-known risk factors. The salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) index of adult hemodialysis patients were compared with those of healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-two (34 F, 38 M, mean age: 45.05 +/- 14.15 years) hemodialysis patients and 50 (26 F, 24 M, mean age: 43.92 +/- 18.80 years) control saliva were collected after prestimulation and expressed as ml/min. Salivary pH and buffering capacity were measured (Ericsson method). The dental examinations were performed according to WHO criteria and DMFT index was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with Student t-test and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: The patients' mean salivary flow rate was 0.69 +/- 0.31 ml/min, pH, 8.15 +/- 0.72, buffering capacity, 6.83 +/- 0.71 and DMFT index was 11.91 +/- 8.73. The salivary flow rate was less than the controls (p <0.001), but salivary pH and buffering capacity were higher (both p < 0.001). There was no difference in DMFT index between groups (p > 0.05). There was no significantly negative correlation between DMFT index and stimulated salivary flow rate, pH but there was a positive correlation with buffering capacity (r = 0.286, p < 0.05) in the patients. Moreover, there was no significantly positive correlation between stimulated salivary flow rate and pH buffering capacity in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary flow rate of hemodialysis patients was less than the hyposalivary limit. Salivary pH and buffering capacity were both above the reference values, but DMFT index of hemodialysis patients did not differ from that of controls. However, caries and related dental infections may lead to serious problems in infection-prone hemodialysis patients, so these patients should have regular dental examinations and careful treatments.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Dental caries and oral hygiene status of school children in Davangere related to their socio-economic levels: an epidemiological study.

Dental caries and periodontal disease, the most commonly seen disease show striking geographic variation, socio-economic patterns and severity of distribution all over the world. Hence, an attempt has been made to determine the relationship of oral health status with socio-economic status in Davangere town. A total of 2007 children of 13 to 14 years age belonging to both sexes were examined. Type III examination was carried out during the survey. DMFcaries Index and Oral Hygiene Index was used to assess caries experience and oral hygiene status. Prasad's classification was used to know the social classification of the children. It was concluded that dental caries experience and oral hygiene status of children are strongly correlated to socio-economic status.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Prevalence of damages of dental, the oral and the jaw areas among workers exposed to substances in a chemical company].

320 workers exposed to chemical in a large petrol-company and 100 nonexposed workers under the nearly same conditions of work and life were examined on damages of their dental, oral and jaw areas. As criterias of the examinations were used DMG/T-Index, Oral Hygiene-Index (Quigley/Hein, Greene/Vermillion) and the Parodontopathy-Index according to Kötzschke. The results of the examinations was a higher prevalence of damages of the periodontium among the workers in the chemical company in comparison to the control group. Within the several groups of workers exposed to chemicals were found significantly differences of the damages depending of exposures.

Chemical Industry↗

PubMed1990

[Oral health behavior and state and the effect and necessity of dental care in young and medium adults (Dresden prevention study)].

In a baseline examination of a preventive study 319 randomly recruited patients of a dental school aged between 16 and 35 years were inquired about oral health behavior and the oral health state was determined clinically. The spectrum of methods included extended anamnesis, plaque index according to Silness/Löe, DMF/T- and GPM/T-index. The health behaviour and the derived preventive and curative care needs show that the majority of patients need individual oral hygiene and nutrition advising, professional oral hygiene measures, fluoride application, as well as filling therapy. Early therapy of periodontitis is of importance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Dental and oral radiographic findings in first-year university students in 1982 and 2002 in Helsinki, Finland.

OBJECTIVE: This study is part of a larger research program, at the Finnish Student Health Service in Helsinki, in which changes in the dental and oral health of first-year university students (born in Helsinki) in the years 1982 and 2002 were compared. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs were taken of 176 students in 1982, mean age 19.8 years (SD+/-0.7), and of 231 in 2002, mean age 20.2 (SD+/-0.7). DMFT index, caries and periapical changes, alveolar bone resorption, wisdom teeth, supernumerary, missing, and persisting deciduous teeth were evaluated from the radiographs. The chi-squared test and non-parametric tests were used to analyze the statistical significance of differences between the study groups and between genders. RESULTS: The DMFT index diminished from 11.0 (SD +/- 4.2) to 2.9 (SD +/- 3.3) (p < 0.0001). In 2002, 27.9% of the students had a DMFT index of zero (in 1982, 0%, p < 0.000). The mean number of endodontically treated teeth diminished from 0.1 to 0.03 (p < 0.05). The number of impacted wisdom teeth increased in males from mean 0.41 to 0.69 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An improvement in dental health was obvious in the year 2002. The favorable change in DMFT index is a trend that has been going on for several decades in Finland, probably as a result of the use of fluorides and better education in dental hygiene. The change might also be connected with improved general health.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Quality evaluation of oral health record-keeping for Finnish young adults.

The objective of this study was to assess the quality of oral health record-keeping in public oral health care in relation to dentists' characteristics. A random computerized selection of 239 subjects, born in 1966-71 and clinically examined during 1994 in an administrative unit of the public oral health service in southern Finland, included 4-5 cases per dentist, the number of dentists being 50. Data concerning actual clinical examinations and treatment courses carried out in public dental clinics came from original oral health records. Criteria for assessment of oral health record entries were based on Finnish health legislation and detailed instructions of health authorities. The results showed that each patient's identity was available in 90% of documents. Recordings concerning continuity of comprehensive care were infrequent; a questionnaire concerning each patient's up-to-date health history was in only 26% of the oral health records. Notes concerning each patient's bite and function of the temporomandibular joint were in 37% of the records, notes about oral soft tissues were in 11%, and the check-up interval was recorded in 21%. Recording of indices on periodontal and dental status varied greatly; the community periodontal index of treatment need was found in 93% and the index of incipient lesions in 16% of the records. Female dentists and dentists younger than 37 years tended to record more information. Dentists should be encouraged to better utilize the options offered by oral health records for individual treatment schemes.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Oral health in South Africa.

This study describes the oral health status of the inhabitants of, and reflects on possible trends in oral diseases in South Africa. During the past 20 years, three national oral health surveys were conducted in South Africa, the most recent, a national Children's Oral Health Survey, was conducted between 1999 and 2002. The results of this study show that 39.7% of the 6-year-old children were caries free, which is below the goal of 50% set by the Department of Health (DoH) for the year 2000. The DMFT of 1.1 for the 12-year-old group, however, was below the 1.5 set by the DoH for this group for the year 2000. Based on the Unmet Treatment Need Index more than 80% of caries in children is not treated. The greatest need for the treatment of dental caries in South African children was for preventive services, restorations and extractions. The DMFT for the 12 year-old-group in South Africa decreased from 2.5 in 1982 to 1.1 for the current survey. Of the same group, 20.2% of the children presented with definite signs of dental fluorosis. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and 32.3% of 12-year-old children needed definitive orthodontic treatment. The results of national surveys showed a reduction in dental caries severity of the permanent dentition of 12-year-old South African children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

A fluoride dose-response evaluation in an anticaries clinical trial.

This study evaluated the dose-response relationship between four increasing levels of fluoride from 1000 to 2500 ppm F as sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) and three-year dental caries increments, as measured by DMFS, DMFT, and DFS-A on 4424 schoolchildren. The results indicated consistent linear decreases in all three dental indices as the dose level increased to 2500 ppm F MFP, with slopes (average reductions) of 0.32 in DMFS for an increase of 1000 ppm F, 0.13 in DMFT, and 0.17 in DFS-A when all children were evaluated, p less than 0.03 for each index. For children 11 years and older at baseline, the slopes quadrupled, p less than 0.01 for each index. Age and baseline DMFS were shown to be the most important covariates to control for in the statistical models. No differences in adverse reactions, or other safety problems, were observed at the different dose levels.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed2006

[Trends in oral healthcare. Caries prevalence and frequency of visits to the dentist for checkups].

In 2003 the project 'Changes in oral health and preventive behaviour'was carried out for the sixth time in succession in The Netherlands. Children and adolescents were asked to fill out a questionnaire and to participate in an oral health examination. Compared to the 1996/1997 results 9-year-olds had a lower incidence of FS and DMFS, 14-year-olds had a higher incidence of DS, and 20-year-olds had a larger number of DS and a smaller number of FS, DMFS and DMFT in 2003. The care index in 2003 was between 48% and 68%. Compared to the 1996/1997 results more 21-year olds visited the dentist annually instead of twice a year. Considering possible consequences of the change in the Dutch health insurance system as of January 2006, such tendencies need careful monitoring.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Effects of chemical occupational environmental factors on the prevalence of damage to the teeth, mouth and jaw of exposed workers].

320 workers exposed to chemicals in a large petrol-company and 100 nonexposed workers under the nearly same conditions of work and life were examined on damages of their dental, oral and jaw areas. As criterias of the examinations were used DMF/T-Index, Oral-Hygiene-Index (Quigley/Hein) and the Parodontopathy-Index according to Kötzschke. The result of the examinations was a higher prevalence of damages of the periodontium among the workers in the chemical company in comparison to the control group. Within the several groups of workers exposed to chemicals were found significantly differences of the damages depending of exposures.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMed1988

[Reduction of dental caries after two years with a combination of mouthwashes and topical fluorides].

The study's purpose was to evaluate the reduction of dental caries incidence by the association of two preventive methods. 246 students of both sexes aged from 7 to 11 years registered in "Escola de Educação Básica da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia" and living in the urbana area of Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, were examined. The sample was distributed into two groups: children from Group 1, which received a semestral topical application of Acidulated Fluor Phosphate at 1.23% and children from Group II, that besides the topical application above related (Group I) also received weekly mouthwashes of sodium fluoride aquesus solution at 0.2%. After two years of study DMFS index were tabled and statistically analysed. It was verified a reduction of 33.97% in the incidence of dental caries (in the permanent dentition). The difference between the Groups was significant at 5% level of confidence.

Brazil↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gingival status of HIV+ children and the correlation with caries incidence and immunologic profile.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine gingival health and caries levels in HIV-infected children. METHODS: The modified gingival index (GI) of 43 HIV+ children of both sexes, aged between 2 and 12 years, was measured and correlated with the DMFT/dmf. The children's immunodeficiency level was also established by means of the CD4:CD8 ratio. Pearson's product-moment correlation co-efficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. RESULTS: The GI was significantly related to the DMFT/dmf. The children with a GI = 0 presented significantly more DMFT/dmf than the children with a GI > or = 0.1, but there were no significant differences between the GIs of caries-free children and those with DMFT/dmf > or = 1. The children who presented a CD4:CD8 > or = 0.5 ratio presented less DMFT/dmf compared with children who presented a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 ratio. The children who presented a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 ratio presented a statistically significant correlation between their GI and their DMFT/dmf, unlike children who presented a CD4:CD8 > or = 0.5 ratio. Children with a CD4:CD8 < 0.5 who showed a greater DMFT/dmf index also showed greater gingival inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, children with greater caries experience showed more gingival inflammation. In addition, a greater immunological deficiency might indicate a greater caries experience in children.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗

PubMed1990

[Dental caries in 280 pairs of same-sex twins].

The dental caries in 280 pairs of like-sex twins (186 monozygotic, 94 dizygotic) were studied. Then, comparisons of variability of dental caries, missing and filled surface (DMFS), concordance, and correlation in the two types of twins were made. The heritability index (HI) was also calculated. There were less variance, higher concordance and higher correlation in monozygotic twins, but the results were not statistically significant. The HI of dental caries was 8.7% according to this study. It was suggested that environmental influence was dominant in caries initiation: whereas heredity was of little influence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Other dental treatment needs in patients who requested removable partial dentures.

The aims of this study were to determine the dental and periodontal status and the associated treatment needs, other than that for prosthetic care, in patients who requested removable partial dentures. Forty-six patients who had never worn removable partial dentures before were examined for plaque index, tooth status, gingival index, loss of periodontal attachment and tooth mobility. Prior to prosthetic treatment, 15% of the teeth needed conservative treatment and 1% needed extractions. From the periodontal point of view, 65% of the teeth needed some form of related therapy, and 2% of the teeth were at risk of extraction due to advanced mobility.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Dental caries and socioeconomic conditions in the State of Paraná, Brazil, 1996].

The aim of this research was to determine the correlation between dental caries and socioeconomic conditions in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Caries prevalence was estimated for each city in the State by gathering data on the DMFT index (in 12-year-old schoolchildren) supplied by the State Health Department. Official socioeconomic data for the municipalities were also presented. Ordinary least squares regression analysis was performed, and significant correlation coefficients were observed between the dental caries index and various social development indicators. Maps highlighting the overlapping areas with poor outcomes for most of these variables were presented. The results showed a significantly lower DMFT index in cities with fluoridated water supply and a negative correlation between the caries index and the proportion of households with running water in cities with fluoridated water supply. This observation highlights the importance of fluoridated drinking water for the prevention of dental caries and as a measure to reduce the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on the prevalence of tooth decay.

Brazil↗