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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis using autologous indium-III-labelled platelets.

Forty-eight patients who had undergone surgical reduction of a fractured neck of femur or in whom deep vein thrombosis was suspected clinically were studied by ascending phlebography and imaging after injection of autologous indium-111-labelled platelets to assess the accuracy and value of the radioisotopic technique in diagnosing deep vein thrombosis. Imaging was performed with a wide-field gammacamera linked with data display facilities. Phlebography showed thrombi in 26 out of 54 limbs examined and a thrombus in the inferior vena cava of one patient; imaging the labelled platelets showed the thrombi in 24 of the 26 limbs and the thrombus in the inferior vena cava. The accumulation of indium-111 at sites corresponding to those at which venous thrombi have been shown phlebographically indicates that this radioisotopic technique is a useful addition to methods already available for the detection of deep vein thrombosis.

Femoral Neck Fractures↗
PubMed1982

Excretion-retention diagram to evaluate gas exchange properties of vertebrate respiratory systems.

Excretion [E = (PE - PI)/(PV - PI)] and retention [R = (Pa - PI)/(PV -PI)]are completely model-free defined variables which describe the dual input-output black-box representation of vertebrate respiratory systems under steady-state conditions. In the excretion-retention diagram (E-R diagram), E is plotted as a function of R. The application of the principle of mass conservation confines the possible combinations of E and R for a gas with a blood-gas partition coefficient, lambda, in a respiratory system with an overall ventilation, VT, and an overall perfusion, QT, to E = (lambda QT/VT) (1 - R). In general, E can be described as a continuous function of R. The mathematical formulation of this function depends on the configuration of the respiratory system. Easily recognizable curvatures are obtained for counter-cross, and cocurrent systems with and without parallel inhomogeneities. Visual inspection of actual E and R data displayed in an E-R diagram therefore allows the correct choice of the configuration of the respiratory system to be eventually used for further parameter estimation schemes. The E-R diagram is also a powerful tutorial tool for visualizing the complex relationships between the gas exchange of agents with different physical properties and the consequences of changes in ventilation and perfusion distribution within the respiratory system on gas transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Lobar flow patterns in a hollow cast of canine central airways.

To demonstrate that the regional partitioning of flow in central airways is direction dependent, we compared inspiratory and expiratory lobar flows in a hollow rigid cast of canine lungs. Lobar flows were measured by a hot-wire anemometer, simultaneous tracheal flows by a pneumotachograph, and data displayed as (lobar) flow-(tracheal) flow curves. For tracheal airflows between 50 and 370 ml/s, we found that inspiratory apical flows were smaller, and basal flows larger, than corresponding expiratory distributions. This effect was largely extinguished by substituting a gas mixture of 85% He-15% N2; resulting regional flows were comparable to expiratory distributions obtained on room air. Thus canine central airways structure induces a kinematically irreversible flow pattern, consistent with a model of "cascade flow" in which branching structure modifies the distribution only of inspiratory flow. These results support Fowler's concept that lung regions fill and empty sequentially and may be pertinent to analyses of regional washout.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression and release of interleukin-8 by human bronchial epithelial cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smokers, and never-smokers.

BACKGROUND: One of the consistently observed features in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are markedly increased neutrophils in the airways which are accompanied by increased levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. To some extent, IL-8 may derive from bronchial epithelial cells since airway epithelium plays a crucial role in initiating and augmenting host defense mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a marked increase in bronchoepithelial IL-8 expression and release may be found in the airway epithelium of COPD patients compared to 'healthy' smokers and never-smokers. METHODS: Primary bronchoepithelial cell cultures from COPD patients, smokers, and never-smokers were established. The unstimulated and TNFalpha-induced IL-8 release was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, mRNA expression levels were quantified by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and light cycler measurements. RESULTS: In subjects with COPD the constitutive and stimulated IL-8 release was significantly higher compared to 'healthy' smokers and control subjects, whereas no differences were seen between smokers and the control group. Quantitative assessment of transcript levels confirmed these data, displaying significantly higher mRNA levels in primary bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients compared to controls (p < 0.05) in uninduced and stimulated conditions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that patients with chronic obstructive airflow limitation are characterized by a significant upregulation of bronchial epithelial IL-8 expression levels and secretion, indicating specific differences in epithelial cell activation in COPD patients compared to smokers and control subjects.

Epithelial Cells↗
PubMed1991

A computer program designed for the analysis of data from rat caries studies.

The Keyes method for scoring dental caries in the rat animal model has been used as the basis for a computer-assisted scoring system on the Apple Macintosh personal computer that is described here. The program provides the ability to draw on diagrams of the rat molar dentition and to enter enamel lesion scores (L, E) and dentinal lesion scores (Ds, Dm, and Dx) for all aspects of the molars. The scores and drawings may be changed at any time. Total carious teeth and totals of L, E, Ds, Dm, and Dx are automatically calculated and presented upon user command. Error trapping for typographical errors is provided. In addition, the program provides automatic storage of the collected information, searching and sorting on any of the experimental parameters and on-disk help files that can be accessed from any place within the program. The capacity to obtain printed copy of any or all of the stored information is provided in the program. The program also enables the creation of external data files containing totals for carious teeth, in addition to L, E, Ds, Dm, and Dx totals for each animal of each group represented in the data base. These files are suitable for the transfer of data to commercially available programs for graphical and statistical analyses. The programming technique we describe could be extended to other model systems with standardized scoring for oral disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

An improved stochastic approach to rf amplitude analysis in ultrasonic cardiac tissue characterization.

We carried out a series of studies to improve the reproducibility of methods for ultrasonic myocardial tissue characterization using a stochastic approach to amplitude analysis of radiofrequency signals previously reported from our laboratory. Analysis of transducer scanner characteristics, data acquisition and processing, and data display from studies in tissue phantoms permit us to define some features of a parameter for expression of tissue character. The ratio of mean to standard deviation of the amplitude histogram from our system is explored as now implemented in our laboratory for reproducible measurements. The theoretical basis for understanding the utility of this method in defining tissue architecture and pathologic conditions requires further work.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The biomedical engineer and the doctor.

The appearance of engineers with special training in biology has occurred only in the past fifteen years, and the spectacular contributions they can make to patient care have been confined mainly to the years since solid-state electronic circuitry became available. It is timely to review the relationships between them and the clinicians, and to indicate the growing interdependence they have on each other. The three points at which their interests converge most noticeably are: 1. in the collection, storage and display of data, 2. in the maintenance of electrical safety and the proper functioning of apparatus, and 3. in the design of electro-medical equipment.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2006

Direct identification of Ehrlichia canis by a novel polymerase chain reaction method and molecular analysis of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene from various Italian strains.

Fourteen blood samples collected from dogs that were seropositive for Ehrlichia canis were examined for the presence of the citrate synthase gene using a highly specific and sensitive novel polymerase chain reaction assay. The assay detected E. canis DNA in 3 dogs. The complete nucleotide sequence of the citrate synthase gene was determined in 2 of the test-positive samples, and represents the first sequence of the gene to be derived from Italian isolates. The sequence data displayed high identity (99.2%) between the geographically separated Italian samples and the Oklahoma strain of E. canis. The high-sequence conservation revealed by molecular analysis confirmed the usefulness of the citrate synthase gene as a target for detection of E. canis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

MiMiR: a comprehensive solution for storage, annotation and exchange of microarray data.

BACKGROUND: The generation of large amounts of microarray data presents challenges for data collection, annotation, exchange and analysis. Although there are now widely accepted formats, minimum standards for data content and ontologies for microarray data, only a few groups are using them together to build and populate large-scale databases. Structured environments for data management are crucial for making full use of these data. DESCRIPTION: The MiMiR database provides a comprehensive infrastructure for microarray data annotation, storage and exchange and is based on the MAGE format. MiMiR is MIAME-supportive, customised for use with data generated on the Affymetrix platform and includes a tool for data annotation using ontologies. Detailed information on the experiment, methods, reagents and signal intensity data can be captured in a systematic format. Reports screens permit the user to query the database, to view annotation on individual experiments and provide summary statistics. MiMiR has tools for automatic upload of the data from the microarray scanner and export to databases using MAGE-ML. CONCLUSION: MiMiR facilitates microarray data management, annotation and exchange, in line with international guidelines. The database is valuable for underpinning research activities and promotes a systematic approach to data handling. Copies of MiMiR are freely available to academic groups under licence.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2006

A high throughput messenger RNA differential display screen identifies discrete domains of gene expression and novel patterning processes along the developing neural tube.

BACKGROUND: During early development the vertebrate neural tube is broadly organized into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. Each of these embryonic zones is patterned by a combination of genetic pathways and the influences of local signaling centres. However, it is clear that much remains to be learned about the complete set of molecular cues that are employed to establish the identity and intrinsic neuronal diversity of these territories. In order to address this, we performed a high-resolution messenger RNA differential display screen to identify molecules whose expression is regionally restricted along the anteroposterior (AP) neuraxis during early chick development, with particular focus on the midbrain and hindbrain vesicles. RESULTS: This approach identified 44 different genes, with both known and unknown functions, whose transcription is differentially regulated along the AP axis. The identity and ontological classification of these genes is presented. The wide variety of functional classes of transcripts isolated in this screen reflects the diverse spectrum of known influences operating across these embryonic regions. Of these 44 genes, several have been selected for detailed in situ hybridization analysis to validate the screen and accurately define the expression domains. Many of the identified cDNAs showed no identity to the current databases of known or predicted genes or ESTs. Others represent genes whose embryonic expression has not been previously reported. Expression studies confirmed the predictions of the primary differential display data. Moreover, the nature of identified genes, not previously associated with regionalisation of the brain, identifies novel potential mechanisms in that process. CONCLUSION: This study provides an insight into some of the varied and novel molecular networks that operate during the regionalization of embryonic neural tissue and expands our knowledge of molecular repertoire used during development.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Conversion of cDNA differential display results (DDRT-PCR) into quantitative transcription profiles.

BACKGROUND: Gene expression studies on non-model organisms require open-end strategies for transcription profiling. Gel-based analysis of cDNA fragments allows to detect alterations in gene expression for genes which have neither been sequenced yet nor are available in cDNA libraries. Commonly used protocols for gel-based transcript profiling are cDNA differential display (DDRT-PCR) and cDNA-AFLP. Both methods have been used merely as qualitative gene discovery tools so far. RESULTS: We developed procedures for the conversion of cDNA Differential Display data into quantitative transcription profiles. Amplified cDNA fragments are separated on a DNA sequencer and detector signals are converted into virtual gel images suitable for semi-automatic analysis. Data processing consists of four steps: (i) cDNA bands in lanes corresponding to samples treated with the same primer combination are matched in order to identify fragments originating from the same transcript, (ii) intensity of bands is determined by densitometry, (iii) densitometric values are normalized, and (iv) intensity ratio is calculated for each pair of corresponding bands. Transcription profiles are represented by sets of intensity ratios (control vs. treatment) for cDNA fragments defined by primer combination and DNA mobility. We demonstrated the procedure by analyzing DDRT-PCR data on the effect of secondary metabolites of oilseed rape Brassica napus on the transcriptome of the pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. CONCLUSION: We developed a data processing procedure for the quantitative analysis of amplified cDNA fragments separated by electrophoresis. The system utilizes common software and provides an open-end alternative to DNA microarray analysis of the transcriptome. It is expected to work equally well with DDRT-PCR and cDNA-AFLP data and be useful particularly in research on organisms for which microarray analysis is not available or economical.

Brassica napus↗
PubMed1991

Human leucocyte antigens and tardive dyskinesia.

HLA status was assessed in matched groups of schizophrenics, 20 with and 20 without tardive dyskinesia. The antigen frequencies were also compared with that in a control sample. The anticipated excess of HLA-B44 was not confirmed. Pooled data displayed a shortfall of HLA-Cw7 and an excess of HLA-B44 in schizophrenics relative to population controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Breast cancer counts: numeracy in breast cancer information on the Web.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the numeracy information included in three prominent breast cancer Web sites. METHODS: A content analysis was performed, grouping numeracy items into 15 categories. Interrater reliability was high. RESULTS: Of the 3,206 items identified, 14.3% were numbers, 33.9% were descriptive measures (e.g., many, lower), 27.3% were statistical terms (e.g., predictive, risk), and 12.4% were temporal terms (e.g., before, always). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that there is an abundance of numeric information presented in breast cancer Web sites, much of which may be conceptually too advanced for the intended audience.

Breast Neoplasms↗