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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Activity and effective serum level of repository sulphones (DADDS) in lepromatous leprosy.

35 cases of lepromatous leprosy were studied to evaluate the effective blood level and long depot action of acedapsone (DADDS). It was revealed that serum level of this drug is maintained well above the minimum inhibitory concentration upto 60 days following single intramuscular injection. No significant untoward effects of the drug were encountered except one case of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum and six patients with mild reactional symptoms in the form of fever and arthralgia.

Acedapsone↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative examination of theophylline-serum-concentrations and bronchospasmolytic effect of cholintheophyllinate (euspirax) and theophyllin-aethylendiamine (euphyllin retard) in patients with obstructive airway diseases (author's transl)].

12 patients with obstructive airway diseases were given a single oral dose of 400 mg resp. 600 mg Cholintheophyllinate (Euspirax) and 350 mg Theophyllin-Aethylendiamine (Euphyllin retard). In an intra-individual comparative study the theophylline-serum-concentrations and the bronchospasmolytic effects of both drugs have been checked over a period of 12 hours. A very good resorption and the highest mean blood levels of 9,13 +/- 2,88 mg/1 resp. 12,11 +/- 2,55 mg/1 resulted from Cholintheophyllinate 2 hours after application. The effect on the lung function parameters was most expressed 2 to 4 hours after application of this drug and correlated well with the theophylline-blood-levels. The higher dose of Euspirax was followed more frequently by side effects. 2, 4 and 12 hours after application of Euphyllin retard the serum-concentrations were strikingly low. The mean values were 2,04 +/- 1,22 mg/l, 3,00 +/- 2,18 mg/l resp. 3,38 +/- 2,01 mg/l. In spite of the low blood levels a significant improvement of the lung function parameters could be noticed after 4 to 6 hours. The qualities of both drugs as to their bioavailability and effect on airway obstruction shall be examined by means of another comparative study.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum theophylline levels in asthmatic children receiving sustained-release theophylline tablets.

Serum theophylline levels produced in asthmatic children by sustained-release theophylline tablets (TheoDur) were studied. Nineteen patients received for 14 days a dose of 5.5 to 13.1 mg/kg (mean 9.1 mg/kg) of amhydrous theophylline (as sustained-release TheoDur tablets) every 12 hours. Theophylline serum levels were assayed, by cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, immediately before and at 4, 6 and 10 hours after the first day-five dose. Symptoms of asthma and theophylline toxicity were recorded. Mean peak-trough difference for the 6-to-10-years age group (4.5 +/- 1.6 microgram/ml) was not significantly different than that of the 11-to-17-year age group (5.2 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml) (p greater than 0.1). Therapeutic serum theophylline levels (8 to 20 micrograms/ml) were maintained throughout a 12-hour period in 12 patients. Two patients had side effects possibly attributable to theophylline. Four patients reported asthamtic symptoms on two or more evenings; none required emergency treatment. The study suggests that sustained-release theophylline tablets administered every 12 hours can maintain therapeutic serum levels in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of duodenal ulcer with a long-acting synthetic secretin: a pilot trial.

In three male duodenal ulcer patients, the effects of a 4-week treatment with a long-acting synthetic secretin -- daily s.c. administrations of 10 clinical units secretin/kg b.w. -- were assessed symptomatically, endoscopically, immunologically, and by means of gastric and pancreatic secretory analyses. Improvement in epigastric pain was noted within a few days following the onset of secretin therapy. In all cases, duodenoscopy revealed complete healing of ulcers after a 2- to 3-week treatment period. Before therapy, cutaneous anaphylactoid reactions due to intradermal injections of secretin could be elicited in each subject; skin reactions were found mitigated after 4 weeks of therapeutic secretin administration thus suggesting some desensitisation. Neither gastric acid secretion nor pancreatic bicarbonate production were substantially influenced by the 4-week course of secretin therapy; consequently, prevention of ulcer relapse is rather unlikely to be achievable with the conditions employed in this study. However, it seems therapeutically promising that the duodenal ulcers under study showed complete healing already after 2-3 weeks of secretin administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Quinidine syncope: torsade de pointes with low quinidine plasma concentrations.

In 2 patients without clinically significant ischemic heart diseases, oral quinidine was used to control supraventricular arrhythmias. In both patients, syncopal attacks occurred, caused by a particular type of ventricular tachyarrhythmia called torsades de pointes. Quinidine plasma concentrations were low (2.6 and 1.2 mg/1, respectively); QRS duration was normal, but the Q-T interval was markedly prolonged.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome treated medically by an inhibitor of H2 histamine receptors].

Metiamide an histamine H2-receptors antagonist has been used to treat a case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome characterized by a long standing diarrhea, an important gastric hypersecretion and a moderatly elevated plasma gastrin but without digestive ulceration. At the dose of 600 mg per day, Metiamide induced a complete suppression of acid secretion, an effect which lasted for 15 days after stopping the drug. Accordingly and since the only finding at time of laparotomy was a small lymph node enlarged with endocrine metastatic tissue, the stomach was left intact and Metiamide pursued. During the first 4 months of chronic administration of Metiamide, acid secretion was maintained at levels below 25 p.cent of initial values. Ulteriorly however, although dosages of Metiamide were increased, acid hypersecretion resumed and a duodenal ulcer developed. Total gastrectomy was then performed 11 months after the beginning of Metiamide. In spite of the failure of Metiamide treatment, the long term follow up of this case of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, allowed us to get theoretical and practical informations.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Drug-drug interactions (author's transl)].

This short outline of drug-drug interactions does not claim to cover the entire field. The task of this paper is to illustrate the most important principles of drug-drug interactions by paradigms taken from the experience of the practitioner. One consequence of drug-drug interactions is the change in pharmacolinetic parameters important for the therapeutical effect of drugs in the organism. Very often the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug-drug interactions in man is impossible; therefore, for clinical pharmacologists experiments on animals remain the tool in order to gain more knowledge in this field.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Galenical possibilities and problems in protraction of drug effects (author's transl)].

In recent years, dosage forms with sustained release have obtained a significant importance. The technological possibilities for manufacturing are described as coating, embedding and matrix procedures. The range of auxiliary substances, which are responsible for the retardation of drug activity, reaches from lipophilic compounds as lipoids, fatty alcohols and compounds which are forming hydrogels as cellulose derivatives and natural polysaccharides to synthetic polymers derived from acrylic acid. The formulation of the dosage forms requires particular care in respect to the amount of initial and maintenance doses. On account of technological processes, for example during manufacturing of tablets, under certain circumstances the liberation rate is altered. In vitro test methods allow comparisons only then when the results can be counter-checked by in vitro experiments. The release of drug follows different mechanisms, which are described, entirely or in part, to be reactions following the time law of zero or first order. In special cases, a linear correlation is observed as a function of square root of time. The calculation of given special equations for events within the dosage form is feasible from blood-level values.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1976

[The influence of neuroleptic drugs on urinary excretion of non-protein nitrogen (author's transl)].

During treatment with thioxanthenes or phenothiazines of schizophrenic patients non-protein nitrogen in urine was measured. The values were calculated in relation to the excretion of creatinine. a) Flupentixol or fluphenazine applied in optimal dosage, increased the excretion of urea and the amino acids asp, glu + gln, and gly. b) Moreover, if the drug induced a parkinsonoid (thioridazine) the excretion of ser and thr was increased, too. The usual desalting procedure by ion-exchanging resins before chromatography increases the contents of several amino acids, e.g. asp, asn, ala, gly, cys, ser, thr, indicating a breakdown of some instable products.

Amino Acids↗