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Clinical applications of visible light-cured resin in maxillofacial prosthetics. Part I: Denture base and reline material.

A visible light-cured resin system enables the dentist to accomplish chairside relining of removable prosthesis. The material is pliable and can be initially cured in the mouth with the regular hand-held visible light. A special unit is needed to completely cure the material, which thereafter is comparable in quality to heat-polymerized acrylic resin. The value of this system for the practice of maxillofacial prosthetics is demonstrated by the ease of relining of various devices and obturator prostheses.

Acrylic Resins↗

Trial base adapted with sealed temporary soft liner.

Autopolymerizing acrylic resin is combined with temporary soft reline material to make a record base. Rigid acrylic resin is formed over a wax spacer. The wax is removed and the loose-fitting base is relined on the master cast with soft reline material. The soft material is cured in a pressure pot and sealed with a mono-poly mixture. Visible light-curing material can be used instead of autopolymerizing acrylic resin.

Acrylic Resins↗

The bond strength of a visible light-cured reline resin to acrylic resin denture base material.

The introduction of Triad visible light-cured denture resin has led to several applications. Among them is direct intraoral relining of complete and partial dentures. This study investigated the bonding characteristics of Triad reline resin to four commonly used heat-cured denture base resins. The shear and tensile bond strengths of Triad resin and four denture base resins were determined and compared with intact tensile strengths. The findings of this study indicate that the bond strength of Triad resin to denture base resin is sufficiently high to suggest its clinical applicability.

Acrylic Resins↗

Dimensional changes of processed denture bases after relining with three resins.

This study compared the dimensional change of simulated processed denture bases after relining with three resins. Thirty simulated denture bases 1.5 to 2 mm thick were processed from Lucitone 199 resin following the manufacturer's instructions using the long-cure method. Ten bases were relined with Lucitone 199 (long-cure), 10 were relined with Triad resin, and 10 were relined with Accelar 20 resin. The relined bases were processed on a metal die using a reline jig, and three measurements (from distobuccal flange to distobuccal flange) were made with a traveling microscope immediately before and after relining. Each relined simulated denture base showed a significant dimensional shrinkage after processing. The mean dimensional change values of the Triad resin relined bases were significantly greater than those of the other two resin relined bases. All of the dimensional change values, however, would probably be insignificant in a clinical situation.

Acrylic Resins↗

Refitting a bar-clip removable prosthesis attached to osseointegrated implants.

Refitting clip-retained complete dentures for patients with osseointegrated implants as abutments presents problems in maintaining occlusion and protecting the clip during processing. This article describes a technique for functionally relining osseointegrated prostheses containing anterior clip-bar attachments.

Acrylic Resins↗

A homemade microwaveable denture reline jig.

This article describes a procedure for making a denture reline jig for processing denture base resin in a microwave oven. The jig is intended for use with the newer microwave curing denture base resins. The reline jig is economical to produce and is made from fiberglass liquid resin commonly used in automobile body repairs. The fiberglass liquid resin is strengthened by adding fillers of dental stone and chopped fiberglass strands.

Calcium Sulfate↗

A comparison of bond strengths among chairside hard reline materials.

Several chairside hard resin reline materials have been introduced to improve the fit and function of existing denture bases. However, it is not known whether the bond strengths among the various chairside reline and denture base materials are significantly affected by their differences in chemical composition. This study evaluated the bond strengths of five chairside hard reline materials (Extoral VLC, Flexacryl Hard, Kooliner, Light Liner, and Triad Hi-Flow VLC reline material) to two different denture base resins (Lucitone 199 and Triad VLC) by use of a three-point transverse flexural test. The reline resins are representative of autopolymerizing, light- and dual-cured materials. The results indicate that Triad VLC reline resin with bonding agent gave the highest bond strengths to Triad VLC denture base resin. Light Liner reline resin gave the highest repair bond strengths to Lucitone 199 denture base resin.

Acrylic Resins↗

Soft liners.

The article provides a background for understanding the properties of soft liner materials, describing associated problems, and discussing clinical applications of soft liners in dental practice. Although not a panacea, soft liner materials provide the practitioner with a variable tool in providing excellent clinical care for patients.

Biocompatible Materials↗

Evaluation of adhesion of chairside hard relining materials to denture base polymers.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Removable denture bases are made of modified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which has reliable bond strength with resins containing methyl methacrylate (MMA). However, some hard relining materials with different chemical compositions have been reported to have less than adequate bond strength to PMMA denture base polymers. PURPOSE: This in vitro study evaluated the initial bonding properties of chairside hard relining materials to different removable denture base polymers, as well as the structure of the interface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The tensile strength (MPa) of adhesion of 8 chairside hard relining materials (Original Truliner, GC Reline Hard, Ufigel Hard, Triad Reline, New Truliner, Light Liner, Astron LC Hard, and Flexacryl Hard) was tested against 3 denture base polymers (Ivocap Plus, Paladon 65, and Palapress Vario). Dumbbell-shaped specimens with a 6-mm diameter of bonding surface were used for tensile testing of bond strength (n=5). An MMA containing hard relining material (Original Truliner) was used as a control. Tensile strength of the bond was calculated using the bonding area and maximum force under tension. Statistical analyses of data were conducted with 2-way analysis of variance (alpha=.05). The influence of the bonding agents and the relining materials on the PMMA denture base surface layer and its structure were investigated. The depths of the swollen layers were measured with a transmission light microscope. Fracture surfaces after testing were also visually evaluated. Chemical analyses of all materials prior to testing were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Significant differences were found among tensile bond strengths of chairside hard relining materials to PMMA denture base polymers forming 3 different groups (P<.001). No significant difference among different denture base polymers was found with regard to tensile strength of adhesion (P=.918), but the interaction term between hard relining material and denture base polymer was found to be significant (P<.001). The tensile bond strength of the relining materials and denture base polymers was found to range from 8% to 60% of the strength of the PMMA denture base polymers. CONCLUSION: The chemical composition of the bonding agents and the relining materials and their combinations affected the depth of the swollen layers of the denture base polymers and the tensile strength of adhesion.

Acrylic Resins↗

Effects of relining on long-term marginal stability of provisional crowns.

Provisional resins crowns are commonly placed to protect prepared teeth, but the marginal adaptation of interim crowns has always been a problem. These experiments examined the effects of thermocycling and occlusal loading on relined and unrelined polymethyl methacrylate resin transitional crowns. Three groups of interim crowns were made on a cast metal die tooth preparation; unrelined, relined correction, and paint-on correction. After thermocycling and occlusal loading of the specimens, the change in mean marginal gap was significantly greater for the unrelined group. Axial changes were greatest for relined group and least for the unrelined group. These results suggested that relining of polymethyl methacrylate interim crowns can be useful to prevent increases in marginal gap width during extended intraoral periods.

Analysis of Variance↗

Properties of highly cross-linked autopolymerizing reline acrylic resins.

Transverse bend strength tests and water sorption and solubility tests were done to compare the properties of highly cross-linked autopolymerizing reline resin with those of conventional non-cross-linked autopolymerizing reline resins. The relationship between composition and properties of autopolymerizing reline resins was also investigated. Highly cross-linked reline resins and the one that contained mainly poly(methyl methacrylate) and methyl methacrylate had a higher transverse bend strength and modulus of elasticity than the other reline resins (p < 0.01). The highly cross-linked reline resins also had significantly lower water sorption than the other reline resins (p < 0.01). Reline resins, except for one, had significantly higher solubility than heat-polymerizing denture base acrylic resins (p < 0.01).

Acrylic Resins↗

Evaluation of the viscoelastic behavior of a light-cured denture resin.

A visible light-cured reline resin presently marketed is used directly in the mouth to record the tissue. The viscosity of the material will therefore have an effect on the success of the reline. This article compares the viscoelastic properties of the currently marketed visible light-cured material with a medium-body rubber base material. A cone and plate viscometer was used to help derive the apparent viscosity and flow index of the materials. Readings were recorded with varying shear rates at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The visible light-cured resin was found to have a higher apparent viscosity and flow index than the medium-body rubber base at low shear rates. Temperature had an indirect relationship with the viscosity.

Dental Impression Materials↗

Consistency and softness of soft liners.

Consistency is evaluated by an initial flow test that allows the clinician to select the material of choice for relining procedures according to the size and shape of the ridge and the condition of the soft tissue. In this study, the consistency of four autopolymerized soft liners was compared and tested to determine whether they meet the new International Standards Organization (ISO) 10139-1 specifications. Softness, assessed with a Shore A durometer, was compared with that of two heat-cured silicone soft liners, because the latter are known for their steady softness over long periods of time. The consistencies of all four autopolymerized soft liners complied with ISO specifications and their disk diameter ranged from 41.3 to 72.2 mm. The softness of all four soft liners changed with time, unlike the silicones whose softness remained consistent. Softness readings varied significantly with sample thickness and indicated the need to develop criteria for measuring softness properties and determining the minimal thickness required for clinical performance.

Acrylic Resins↗