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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Beat-to-beat QT dynamics in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: Measures of QT dynamics express repolarization abnormalities that carry prognostic information, but the reproducibility of beat-to-beat QT dynamics has never been established. The QT interval is prolonged at night, but how the circadian rhythm and heart rate influence the dynamic QT measurements is still unsettled. The aims of the present study were: (1) to describe the reproducibility of beat-to-beat QT dynamics with respect to intrasubject, between-subject, and between-observer variability and (2) to describe the normal range, circadian variation, and heart rate dependence of QT dynamics. METHODS: Ambulatory Holter recordings were performed three times on 20 healthy volunteers and were analyzed by two experienced cardiologists. Slope and intercept of the QT/RR regression, the variability of QT and R-R intervals expressed as the standard deviation, and the relation between QT and RR variability expressed as a variability ratio were measured among other QT dynamics. RESULTS: The reproducibility of all QT dynamics was good. All QT dynamics showed circadian variation when calculated on an hourly basis. The day/night variation in slope could be explained by the differences in heart rate, whereas the day/night variation in intercept was heart rate independent. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that reliable automatic QT measurements could be performed, encouraging further evaluation of the clinical value of QT dynamics in risk stratification of cardiac patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Suicide among older people: projections for the future.

Guided by recent demographic analyses of birth cohort effects, the authors demonstrate the relationship between cohort size and longitudinal suicide rates, with reference to four particular cohorts which have entered adulthood at various periods throughout the present century. Combining this perspective with a look at projected population increases among older age groups, estimates are made of the scope of the problem of suicide among older people which is likely to be encountered during the early decades of the next century.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Vulnerability factors in the transition to university: self-reported mobility history and sex differences as factors in psychological disturbance.

A study was conducted on the psychological reaction to the transition to university in 198 first year residential students. Female subjects had higher levels of psychological disturbance and cognitive failure. Thirty-one per cent of the subjects reported experiencing homesickness. These subjects had higher levels of psychological disturbance and cognitive failure than non-homesick subjects. There were no sex differences in homesickness reporting. The non-homesick group were found to be more likely to have been away from home before either to attend boarding school or to take holidays. This suggests either that selective aspects of previous mobility experience are beneficial or that self-selection factors operate in that those who do not feel distress at leaving home are more likely to acquire mobility experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Heart rate dynamics in refractory and well controlled temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVES: Disorders of cardiovascular and other autonomic nervous system functions are often found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Cardiovascular dysregulation in TLE has previously been quantified assessing traditional time and frequency domain measures of heart rate (HR) variability from short term ECG recordings. However, new complexity and fractal measures of HR variability based on non-linear dynamics and fractals ("chaos theory") may disclose certain patterns of HR dynamics that cannot be detected using only conventional measures. METHODS: In addition to the traditional spectral and non-spectral components of HR variability, fractal correlation properties, approximate entropy (ApEn) of RR interval dynamics, and the slope of the power law relation were measured from 24 hour ambulatory ECG recordings to evaluate interictal autonomic cardiovascular regulatory function in 19 patients with refractory TLE, 25 patients with well controlled TLE, and in 34 healthy age and sex matched control subjects. RESULTS: The traditional time and frequency domain measures were lower in patients with TLE than in controls (p<0.05). In addition, the power law slope (p<0.005) and ApEn (p<0.05) were also reduced in TLE patients. Furthermore, ApEn was smaller in patients with refractory TLE than in patients with well-controlled TLE ( p<0.01), whereas the long term fractal correlation value alpha2 was lower in patients with well controlled TLE (p<0.05). An altered HR variation was not associated with any particular AED regimen. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to reduced overall HR variability, the long term fractal organisation and complexity of HR dynamics seem to be altered in TLE. These abnormalities in HR behaviour may partly contribute to the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events, such as life threatening arrhythmias in patients with TLE.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Decline and rise of mortality from motor neuron disease in Spain, 1960-1989: demographic, environmental and competitive influences.

Mortality rates from motor neuron disease (MND) in Spain were analysed for the years 1960-1989, a period in which 3,530 deaths were recorded from the disease and during which the crude annual mortality rate ranged between 0.35 and 0.95 deaths per 100,000 persons. Whilst the crude mortality rate fell by 54% during the decade 1960-1969, there was a net increase of 26% over the entire period. The influence of three sets of variables-the increasing mean age of the population, changing environmental factors, and changing competition between diseases-upon mortality rates were investigated through Gompertzian analysis of crude and age-adjusted mortality rates. The increased mean age of the population contributed significantly to the overall rise in mortality from MND over the whole period, a feature that has previously been demonstrated to occur in the majority of industrialised countries. The unusual pattern of a decline and subsequent rise in mortality appears to be due to the influence of changing environmental factors on a sub-population susceptible to the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Reduced risk of intracerebral hemorrhage with dynamic recreational exercise but not with heavy work activity.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is unclear whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with dynamic or static exercise. Our aim was to assess whether such an association exists. METHODS: A case-control study was undertaken involving 331 consecutive cases of primary ICH and 331 age- and sex-matched community-based neighborhood controls. Cases, verified by CT or autopsy, were identified from 13 major hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. A questionnaire was used to elicit information about lifetime physical activity at leisure and work and other potentially confounding factors. RESULTS: Individuals undertaking recent regular dynamic exercise exhibited an odds ratio (OR) for ICH of 0.63 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.01) when adjustment was made for all potential confounding factors, except hypertension, cholesterol, and body mass index. Among men and women separately, the ORs were 0.51 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.97) and 1.22 (95% CI 0.52 to 2.87), respectively. When hypertension, cholesterol, and body mass index were also included in the multivariate model, the OR among men was 0.57 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.14). There was no association between physical activity at work and ICH (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.25). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide preliminary evidence for a role of exercise in reducing the likelihood of ICH among men. In women, the CI was wide, and the association was not statistically significant. There was further support that factors other than blood pressure status, cholesterol, and body mass index may play a role in the observed inverse association between dynamic exercise and ICH among men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Interprovincial migration and suicide in Canada, 1971-78.

This study corroborates the findings by Stack (1980) on the relationship between interstate migration and suicide. The present application is to Canada during the early and later parts of the 1970s decade. Strong support for a migration effect emerges, thus supporting the culture shock hypothesis that because migration involves the concomitant processes of severing important social ties with the origin, and adjusting to a new environment, Provinces characterized by high rates of migration will experience high rates of suicide. It is found that while a province's percentage of the population who have received university education is negatively related to suicide, the main effect of migration acts to raise the odds of suicide, but this effect is lower in magnitude than the education measure. A one percent gain in the education index would have served to lower the suicide rate by 1.3%, while a similar change in migration would increase the rate of suicide by .67%.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Syphilis as a social disease: experience from the post-communist transition period in Estonia.

Increased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and radical social changes have taken place at the same time in Estonia. Our aim was to study the trends in syphilis incidence, selected sociodemographic factors and health status indicators during the economic transition. Associations were estimated by the ordinary least square regression method for change in and actual values of syphilis and tuberculosis incidence rate (IR), percentage of non-ethnic Estonians and urban population, homicides rate, unemployment rate and, birth rate. The analysis was performed by counties at three different time periods. Syphilis IR significantly correlated with the proportion of non-ethnic Estonians, urban population, tuberculosis IR and birth rate. Change of syphilis IR correlated significantly with concurrent changes in unemployment rate and tuberculosis IR. Our findings support the theory that syphilis is a social disease, thus emphasizing the importance of social factors in the occurrence of STDs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ergonomic and demographic issues reported by palliative care workers in southern Taiwan.

AIM: To investigate ergonomic and demographic issues reported by palliative care workers in southern Taiwan. METHOD: A structured questionnaire was completed by staff members from 11 nursing homes within southern Taiwan. Questions focused on age, sex, height, weight, shift-work details, duration of current employment, nature of current employment, the presence of injury and pain during the past 12 months, the phase lag before the onset of injury, and sick leave details. RESULTS: A total of 125 health-care workers were recruited. Most were female (89.3 percent) and employed full-time (64.8 percent) as patient care assistants (55.2 percent). Most workers were regularly involved in patient-handling tasks (61.6 percent). Almost half (36.8 percent) had suffered a musculoskeletal disorder within the previous year. Lower back injury was reported by 12.0 percent of all employees. Changing patients'clothes and changing their bed linen were associated statistically with musculoskeletal injury (odds ratio (OR) 2.9, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.4-6.3 and OR 2.8, 95 percent CI 1.4-6.1), respectively. Moving the patients was also related to injury during our research (OR 2.5, 95 percent CI 1.2-5.4). CONCLUSION: This study has revealed various ergonomic and demographic issues reported by palliative care workers in southern Taiwan for the first time. The prevalence of certain injuries and symptoms are different from other reports.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2003

The Cornella Health Interview Survey Follow-Up (CHIS.FU) Study: design, methods, and response rate.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this report is to describe the main characteristics of the design, including response rates, of the Cornella Health Interview Survey Follow-up Study. METHODS: The original cohort consisted of 2,500 subjects (1,263 women and 1,237 men) interviewed as part of the 1994 Cornella Health Interview Study. A record linkage to update the address and vital status of the cohort members was carried out using, first a deterministic method, and secondly a probabilistic one, based on each subject's first name and surnames. Subsequently, we attempted to locate the cohort members to conduct the phone follow-up interviews. A pilot study was carried out to test the overall feasibility and to modify some procedures before the field work began. RESULTS: After record linkage, 2,468 (98.7%) subjects were successfully traced. Of these, 91 (3.6%) were deceased, 259 (10.3%) had moved to other towns, and 50 (2.0%) had neither renewed their last municipal census documents nor declared having moved. After using different strategies to track and to retain cohort members, we traced 92% of the CHIS participants. From them, 1,605 subjects answered the follow-up questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The computerized record linkage maximized the success of the follow-up that was carried out 7 years after the baseline interview. The pilot study was useful to increase the efficiency in tracing and interviewing the respondents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Malaria and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa.

There are already 40 cities in Africa with over 1 million inhabitants and the United Nations Environmental Programme estimates that by 2025 over 800 million people will live in urban areas. Recognizing that malaria control can improve the health of the vulnerable and remove a major obstacle to their economic development, the Malaria Knowledge Programme of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the Systemwide Initiative on Malaria and Agriculture convened a multi-sectoral technical consultation on urban malaria in Pretoria, South Africa from 2nd to 4th December, 2004. The aim of the meeting was to identify strategies for the assessment and control of urban malaria. This commentary reflects the discussions held during the meeting and aims to inform researchers and policy makers of the potential for containing and reversing the emerging problem of urban malaria.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2006

Predicting community violence from patients discharged from mental health services.

BACKGROUND: The MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study (MacVRAS) in the USA provided strong evidence to support an actuarial approach in community violence risk assessment. AIMS: To examine the predictive accuracy of the MacVRAS measures, in addition to structured professional judgement, in a UK sample of patients discharged from in-patient care in the north-west of England. METHOD: A prospective study of 112 participants assessed pre-discharge and followed up at 24 weeks post-discharge. Pre-discharge measures were compared with prevalence of violent behaviour to determine predictive validity of risk factors. RESULTS: Historical measures of risk and measures of psychopathy, impulsiveness and anger were highly predictive of community violence. The more dynamic clinical and risk management factors derived from structured professional judgement (rated at discharge) added significant incremental validity to the historical factors in predicting community violence. CONCLUSIONS: Although static measures of risk relating to past history and personality make an important contribution to assessment of violence risk, consideration of current dynamic factors relating to illness and risk management significantly improves predictive accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Stomoxys calcitrans parasitism associated with cattle diseases in Espírito Santo do Pinhal, São Paulo, Brazil.

The stable fly has been of great significance to livestock production in the county of Espirito Santo do Pinhal; it has a painful bite, sucks blood, and carries many diseases. The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between the parasitism of Stomoxys calcitrans, manure management, cattle diseases, and technical support. According to the farmers the stable fly reaches its highest level in the rainy season, the same period in which diseases were detected. Most of the farmers said that they did not receive technical assistance. The association of inappropriate manure management, verified in this survey, with the low frequency of technical visits, resulted in a low level of technology utilization. Better technological assistance could moderate the stable fly infestation and help manage serious cattle diseases.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2003

Return to play following sports-related mild traumatic brain injury: the role for neuropsychology.

Cerebral concussions frequently occur at all levels of athletic competition. The effects from these concussions can be transient or may lead to chronic, debilitating symptoms. A growing literature has established that neuropsychological tests are useful in detecting the subtle neurocognitive changes that occur following concussions. The identification of these deficits and subsequent recovery of function can be important components in making return-to-play (RTP) decisions. This article describes the emergence of neuropsychology in sports medicine, discusses the context in which RTP decisions are made, outlines factors that are important to RTP decisions, and presents a model that views the RTP decision as a dynamic risk-benefit analysis that involves complex interactions among variables. It is argued that neuropsychology has a unique, but not exclusive, role in the decision making process. Implications for future research are discussed.

Athletic Injuries↗