SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Endodermal Sinus Tumor”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Intermediate filament protein profiles of human testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors: correlation of cytokeratin synthesis to cell differentiation.

The patterns of cytoskeletal differentiation were studied in 20 testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors by immunohistochemistry, using diverse monoclonal antibodies specific for different intermediate filament (IF) proteins and for desmoplakin. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods on both formalin-fixed and frozen tissues were applied, in some cases together with a gel electrophoretic analysis of IF proteins. The tumors examined included embryonal carcinoma (EC), endodermal sinus tumor (EST), choriocarcinoma and teratoma. Nine of the tumors were composed of only one histological type, the others showed mixed components. Cytokeratins 8 and 18 were identified in all these neoplasms, but their immunostaining was weak in ECs. Cytokeratin 19 was absent or very scarce in ECs, but strongly expressed in ESTs, choriocarcinomas and teratomas, thus allowing the identification of small EST and choriocarcinoma elements in ECs even when they were morphologically not obvious. Occasionally, some cells in ECs and ESTs also stained for cytokeratins 4 and/or 17, indicating potential for epithelial stratification. The majority of the germ cell tumors showed varied amounts of vimentin, often in co-existence with cytokeratins. Neurofilaments were demonstrated in scattered tumor cells in a single case of EST. In the teratomas studied, each type of tissue component present showed the expected IF protein. However, in many germ cell tumors some stromal cells and blood vessels contained, in addition to vimentin and desmin, also cytokeratins 8 and 18. This heterogeneity of the cytoskeletal profile of germ cell tumors is indicative of the varied differentiation potential inherent in these neoplasms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual location of ovarian mixed germ cell tumor.

Intra-abdominal unusual location of mixed germ cell tumor of ovary, which consisted of endodermal sinus tumor and immature teratoma components, has been reported. Patient was a 21-year-old girl with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed lobulated cystic mass. Laparotomy was performed, and due to specific localization, in which tumor localized as a tumoral bridge between two ovaries, we just performed maximal fertility-sparing surgery by preserving ovaries, tubes, and uterus. After that, four courses of chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, and cis-platinum) were done to cure her. The alfa-fetoprotein became negative after three courses of chemotherapy, and she is under observation for the time being.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT and MR imaging of ovarian tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis.

Ovarian tumors are classified on the basis of tumor origin as epithelial tumors (serous and mucinous tumors, endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, Brenner tumor), germ cell tumors (mature and immature teratomas, dysgerminoma, endodermal sinus tumor, embryonal carcinoma), sex cord-stromal tumors (fibrothecoma; granulosa cell, sclerosing stromal, and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors), and metastatic tumors. Epithelial tumors are primarily cystic and, when malignant, are associated with varying proportions of a solid component. Papillary projections are a distinctive feature of epithelial tumors. Profuse papillary projections are highly suggestive of borderline (low-malignant-potential) or malignant tumor. Ovarian teratomas demonstrate lipid material at computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Malignant germ cell tumors manifest as a large, complex abdominal mass that contains both solid and cystic components. Tumor markers are helpful in diagnosis. The radiologic appearance of sex cord-stromal tumors varies from small solid masses to large multicystic masses. Granulosa cell tumors are usually large multicystic masses with solid components. Fibrothecoma, sclerosing stromal tumor, and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are usually solid masses. Fibromas have very low signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images. Certain radiologic findings predominate for each type of tumor. Knowledge of these key features of ovarian tumors provides the criteria for making a specific diagnosis or substantially narrowing the differential diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1986

Periventricular metastases of a primary intracranial alpha-fetoprotein-producing germ cell tumor.

Periventricular subependymal lesions were found on CT scan in a young man with growth failure, diabetes insipidus, mental deterioration, and hypogonadism with delayed puberty. An initial very good response to radiotherapy was followed a few months later by a relapse, presenting as a very large tumor in the base of the frontal lobes. Serum alpha-fetoprotein at the time of the relapse was very elevated suggesting that the tumor was largely composed of an endodermal sinus tumor component, which was confirmed at autopsy. The purpose of this report is to stress the importance of the use of tumor markers in a particular clinical and neuroradiological setting.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alpha-fetoprotein in the management of germ cell tumors of the ovary.

From 1982 to 1989 positive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were detected after surgery in 3 patients with pure immature teratoma, 7 patients with mixed germ cell tumors and 16 patients with pure endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the ovary. In the three patients with pure immature teratoma, AFP serum levels became spontaneously undetectable in one month without chemotherapy. The marker was thereafter negative, despite the persistence of tumor in 2 patients, and a relapse in the third one. The serum levels of AFP did not correlate with the stage of EST and mixed germ cell tumors. The monitoring of AFP serum levels during treatment correlated with response to chemotherapy: of the 16 patients with pure EST, 14 achieved a serological complete response and did not undergo second look surgery; two patients had a serological partial response. One of them reached a serological complete response after further chemotherapy. The other patient with liver extragonadic tumor underwent liver lobectomy with negative histology. Among 7 patients with mixed germ cell tumor, 6 achieved a serological and pathologic complete response. The 7th patient had a serological complete response, but microscopic residual tumor at second look laparotomy. The decrement curve of AFP was not predictive for recurrence. However, AFP monitoring was useful for an early diagnosis of relapse in 4 patients. AFP is a reliable marker for the diagnosis, treatment evaluation and follow-up of patients with pure EST and a useful marker in the clinical management of mixed germ cell tumors of the ovary.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

[The pathology of germ cell tumors of the ovary].

The present paper deals with the pathology of germ cell tumors of the ovary, including dysgerminoma, endodermal sinus tumor, embryonal carcinoma, polyembryoma, choriocarcinoma, teratomas, and mixed germ cell tumors. A general introduction to the respective tumors, prognosis, gross and microscopic features, differential diagnosis, and immunoenzyme histochemical findings are included. Among the various germ cell tumors, dysgerminoma showed the highest incidence comprising about one-half of reported cases. Excluding mature teratomas, the prognosis for dysgerminoma proved to be the best.

Carcinoid Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistological localization of AFP and HCG in uniformly classified testis tumors.

Sixty seven germ cell tumors were studied for the presence of AFP and HCG by an immunoperoxidase technique. In the tumor tissues of 30 patients with seminomas no AFP-positivity was found, and in one case HCG positive giant cells were seen. In nonseminomatous tumors 54% were AFP-positive and 51% were HCG-positive. HCG was localized in syncytiotrophoblastic-like giant cells, occurring in choriocarcinomatous elements and as single cells in embryonal carcinomas, teratocarcinomas, and yolk sac tumors. AFP was demonstrable in 12 endodermal sinus tumor elements and, additionally, in solid cell clusters in embryonal carcinoma areas, arising as a component of a mixed germ cell tumor. In pure embryonal carcinomas we could not detect any positivity for either of the markers.

Choriocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Changes in expression of differentiation markers between normal ovarian cells and derived tumors.

The marker profile of 18 samples of normal human ovarian tissues and 138 samples of their derived tumors was established using 51 monoclonal antibodies directed against intermediate filaments, ovarian carcinoma-specific antigens, general tumor-associated antigens and MHC-I/II antigens. Our data show that vimentin and keratins 7, 8, 18, and 19 were found in both epithelial and some nonepithelial ovarian tumors. Several tumor samples contained additional keratins 4, 10, 13, and 14, as well as desmin. BW 495/36 and to a lesser extent HMFG-2 were usually found in all ovarian tumors that contained simple epithelial keratins, except the absence of HMFG-2 in gonadal tumors as well as in dysgerminomas. In contrast to the keratin antibodies, these two panepithelial antibodies were negative in normal mesothelial cells and granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles. In general, the marker TAG-72 appeared useful for its discrimination between positively stained mucinous adenomas, the ovarian carcinomas as well as germ cell tumors, and the negatively stained gonadal tumors, serous adenomas, and cystomas. OV632 appeared useful in the distinction between negatively stained serous adenomas and positively stained serous carcinomas. In contrast, the monoclonal antibodies OC 125, OV-TL 3, OV-TL 16, and MOv 18 can be considered as pan-ovarian carcinoma markers, however without the discriminative capability as seen for OV632. These ovarian carcinoma-associated antigens were hardly found expressed in gonadal and germ cell tumors, except in the group of endodermal sinus tumors. HLA-I was found to be expressed in almost all nucleated cells, although loss of HLA-I expression was seen in areas of tumor cells. HLA-DR was negative in normal ovarian tissue, but heterogeneous expression was noticed in most of the epithelial tumors.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1994

Mixed germ cell malignancy of the ovary concurrent with pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: A rare malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary during pregnancy was detected by screening of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP). Treatment of this uncommon tumor during pregnancy incorporated combination chemotherapy including etoposide. CASE: An 18-year-old primiparous woman undergoing antenatal genetic screening was found to have an extremely elevated MSAFP of 477.8 IU/mL, or 12.46 multiples of the median. Oophorectomy and staging laparotomy at 20.5 weeks' gestation resulted in the diagnosis of mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary, with both endodermal sinus tumor and grade 3 immature teratoma. The patient received three courses of cis-platinum, etoposide, and bleomycin. Maternal serum AFP titers had returned to normal pregnancy levels by the start of the second course. A healthy female infant was delivered at 39 weeks' gestation following induction of labor for pregnancy-induced hypertension. CONCLUSION: Elevated MSAFP levels may be a presenting sign of malignant ovarian germ cell neoplasms. This report describes both surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment of a germ cell malignancy during pregnancy, with delivery at term. To date, major fetal toxicity from chemotherapy has not been identified.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Swyer syndrome: an unusual presentation.

We report a 27-year-old XY female who presented with abdominal pain due to hemoperitoneum from a ruptured abdominal mass. Gonadoblastoma overgrown by endodermal sinus tumor and dysgerminoma was detected. The risk of neoplasia in such cases is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Radiation therapy for primary intracranial germ-cell tumors.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnosis, therapy, and survival of patients with intracranial germ-cell tumors. To define the role of prophylactic craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy necessary to impact on survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-eight patients with surgically confirmed or suspected primary intracranial germ-cell tumors treated at UCSF between 1968-1990 were reviewed. Thirty-four patients had a pathologic diagnosis, including 24 germinomas, 3 malignant teratomas, 2 choriocarcinomas, 1 embryonal carcinoma, 1 endodermal sinus tumor, and 3 mixed tumors. Information obtained included histology, location, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (B-HCG), metastatic evaluation, radiation details, survival, and sites of failure. Minimum follow-up time was 2 years and ranged to a maximum of 24 years, with a median of 8 years. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 16 years with 36 males and 12 females. Ten of 32 patients had elevated B-HCG at diagnosis; 6 of 29 had elevations of AFP. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was negative in 35 of 36 patients evaluated; myelography or spinal MRI was positive in only 1 of 31 patients studied. Five-year actuarial disease-free survival after irradiation was 91% for germinomas, 63% for unbiopsied tumors, and 60% for nongerminoma germ-cell tumors with doses of 50-54 Gy to the local tumor site with or without whole-brain or whole-ventricular irradiation. Routine prophylactic cranio-spinal axis irradiation was not given with a spinal only failure rate of 2%. Eleven of 48 patients have expired, with an actuarial 5-year survival rate of 100% for germinomas, 79% for nonbiopsied tumors, and 80% for nongerminoma germ-cell tumors. CONCLUSION: With complete diagnostic craniospinal evaluation, spinal irradiation is not necessary. Cure rates for germinomas are excellent with irradiation alone. Multidrug chemotherapy is necessary with irradiation for nongerminoma germ-cell tumors. Histology is the most important prognostic factor; therefore, all patients should have surgical conformation of their diagnosis so that appropriate treatment can be given.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Endodermal sinus tumour of cervix--case report.

Endodermal sinus tumor of Cervix is an extremely rare cause of vaginal bleeding. Because of its rarity and interesting features, it is reported with a brief review of literature.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed2006

Low incidence of ototoxicity with continuous infusion of cisplatin in the treatment of pediatric germ cell tumors.

Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of many pediatric malignancies, but its use is limited in part by ototoxicity. The authors' institution has been administering standard-dose cisplatin by continuous infusion rather than bolus administration in germ cell tumors. The authors retrospectively reviewed 39 patients with germ cell tumors requiring chemotherapy over the past 20 years and recorded data including demographics, cumulative cisplatin dose, degree of ototoxicity (by the Brock grading system), and disease outcome. The median age was 9.4 years and the majority of children (48.7%) had endodermal sinus tumor. Twenty-one children received 400 mg/m of cisplatin or more. One child had evidence of significant ototoxicity at last follow-up (6.64 years after diagnosis). This patient received a total cumulative dose of 500 mg/m of cisplatin. Eighty-two percent of children achieved clinical remission of their disease. The authors conclude that continuous administration of cisplatin is associated with minimal ototoxicity while maintaining good tumoricidal efficacy, and further studies using this regimen are warranted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Extragonadal yolk sac tumor in pelvic localization. A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare neoplasm that usually arises in the testis or ovary. We report a case of extragonadal yolk sac tumor located in the pelvic area. CASE: A 33-year-old woman was admitted with a history of abdominal pain and distension. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a 63 x 63-mm hyperechoic mass and pelvic computerized scanning reported a pelvic mass mimicking a subserous myoma. Exploration findings revealed an extragonadal mass and she was treated with left pelvic mass extirpation, bilateral ovarian wedge resection, and reconstruction. Pelvic, paraaortic lymph node dissection and total omentectomy were also added to the operation. Histological evaluation of the specimen exhibited typical patterns of endodermal sinus tumor and stained for a-fetoprotein and cytokeratin. Four courses of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin combination chemotherapy repeated every 3 weeks were added to therapy and she has remained free of disease for 6 months after completion of the therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Surveillance policy for stage I ovarian germ cell tumors.

PURPOSE: Surveillance for stage I male germ cell tumors (GCT) is well established as a standard practice; however, such a policy has not been evaluated for women with equivalent tumors. This study was designed to evaluate the management of grade II or higher stage Ia tumors by close surveillance to minimize treatment, while reserving chemotherapy for patients with residual or recurrent disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1973 and 1995, 24 patients with malignant stage Ia ovarian GCT were enrolled onto a surveillance program. The group consisted of nine patients with dysgerminoma, nine with pure immature teratoma, and six with endodermal sinus tumor (with or without immature teratoma). Treatment consisted of surgical resection without adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by a surveillance program of clinical, serologic, and radiologic review, and included a second-look procedure for patients enrolled after 1982. RESULTS: All but one patient are alive and in remission after a median follow-up of 6.8 years. The 5-year overall survival is 95%, and the 5-year disease-free survival is 68%. Eight patients have required chemotherapy for recurrent disease or second primary ovarian GCT. This includes three patients with grade II immature teratoma and three patients with dysgerminoma, and a further two women with dysgerminoma who developed contralateral (presumed second primary) dysgerminoma 4.5 and 5.2 years after their first tumor. All but one, who died of a pulmonary embolus, have been successfully salvaged with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our experience emphasizes that patients with true stage Ia ovarian GCT are adequately managed by surgical resection followed by careful clinical, radiologic, and serologic surveillance. These patients do not require adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, thus avoiding the potential complications of secondary leukemia and infertility.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2003

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: analysis of 32 cases.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, some clinicopathologic characteristics and the outcome of patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical charts and pathologic reports of 32 patients with MOGCT treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Turkey from 1983 to 1999 were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (40.6%) had dysgerminoma, nine (28.1%) had immature teratoma (four grade 1, three grade 2, and two grade 3), eight (25%) had endodermal sinus tumor, and two (6.3%) patients had mixed germ cell tumors. Site of involvement was unilateral in 30 (19 on the right and 11 on the left) and bilateral in two. All patients underwent primary surgery and 26 patients combination chemotherapy. There seemed to be a relationship between pathologic findings and clinical outcome, and MOGCT histologic types may affect the prognosis. CONCLUSION: Dysgerminoma had a better prognosis than the nondysgerminomatous group (p < 0.05). This study provides additional data in confirmation of previous reports that management of MOGCT with fertility preservation is safe.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Gynecologic tumors and symptoms in childhood and adolescence; 10-years' experience.

OBJECTIVES: The advancement of diagnostic imaging evaluations and the earlier occurrence of secondary sexual development prompted us to review our recent experience with genital tract tumors in children. METHODS: We analyzed data for 1938 patients aged less than 18 years who were referred to Gifu University School of Medicine-affiliated Hospitals for the years 1984 through 1993. RESULTS: Of the patients, 145 underwent surgical treatment. Vaginal tumor was seen in 5 patients; 1 endodermal sinus tumor, 1 sarcoma botyroides and 3 Gartner's duct cysts. Two patients with malignant tumor presented only with bloody vaginal discharge; recurrent abdominal pain due to vaginal obstruction was noted in 1 patient with the cyst. Ten had benign tumors in the vulva, presenting with a genital mass. Of 114 ovarian tumors, 3 were diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonographic examinations. Fifty-five had germ cell tumors, 33 had epithelial tumors, and 18 had stromal tumors. The most common symptom was abdominal pain and approximately one-third of girls who complained of abdominal pain had an ovarian tumor. Precocious puberty was noted in 4 girls with stromal tumor. Two of the 23 malignant tumors developed in the vagina and the others originated in the ovary. In 19 patients unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or local excision was done in an attempt for reproductive organ conservation; 4 cases of advanced stage disease were treated with hysterectomy and/or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Only 3 of the 23 patients with malignant tumor died within 4 years and others are free from disease. CONCLUSIONS: Genital symptoms, even common, alert us to the possibility of a genital tract tumor. The prompt and precise detection of either benign or malignant tumors in children may lead to cure and preservation of fertility with conservative surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Endometriosis of the colon with mixed "germ cell" tumor.

A 42-year-old woman was found to have endometriosis of the oviducts. Five years later she had a hysterectomy and oophorectomy, the abnormal findings at this time being endometriosis with a chocolate cyst of one ovary. At a third operation, seven years after the first, she was found to have endometriosis of the colon, associated with malignant tumor in the serosa of the intestine and in the pelvis. Histologically, there was direct transition from benign epithelium in the ectopic endometrial glands, to dysplastic and neoplastic tissue. In different areas, the tumor included elements of yolk sac type (endodermal sinus tumor), choriocarcinoma, and teratoma. The implications of this unique transformation and combination are discussed briefly.

Adult↗