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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Amygdala-hypothalamic control of feeding behavior in monkey: single cell responses before and after reversible blockade of temporal cortex or amygdala projections.

Single unit activity in the monkey amygdala and the lateral hypothalamic area was recorded during an operant feeding task. The task required discrimination of food, non-food, rewarding, aversive, novel, and familiar objects. Correct discriminations were rewarded with food or juice. Some amygdala neurons responded to the sight of objects in a graded manner that depended on the degree of affective significance of the object. Some neurons in the lateral hypothalamus responded to reward predicting objects, such as the sight of some non-food item that had been associated with juice reward. Neuronal responses to the sight of objects were influenced by extinction or reversal tests. Responses in the amygdala depended on extent of the affect or value of the reward and responses in the lateral hypothalamus depended on positive reinforcement. Information processing in the inferotemporal cortex--amygdala--lateral hypothalamus axis was identified by reversible changes induced in the temporal cortex or amygdala by cooling. The results suggest that the amygdala contributes to stimulus--affect associations and that the lateral hypothalamus is related directly to the initiation or termination of feeding through learning of stimulus-reinforcement association and/or maintenance of homeostasis. In addition the results suggest that the amygdala does more sensory processing than the lateral hypothalamus.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of a gastrin-like peptide in regulating the different stages in the feeding behavior of snails].

The role of gastrin-like peptides in a regulation of feeding behaviour was studied in a snail Helix lucorum. Sensory stimulation during 15 min carried out by a patch of clothes moistened by the carrot juice (pseudo-feeding) decreased the weight (by 25-50%) of eaten carrot and the duration of the food intake. Similar satiety effect was found after pentagastrin (380 ng) or cholecystokinin-octapeptide (560 ng) injection 20 min after the beginning of the food intake. Measurement of the gastrin-like immunoreactivity showed that the peptide levels in the meta-cerebral ganglia and the haemolymph were dependent on the stage of feeding behaviour. After pseudo-feeding the peptide levels in the ganglia and the haemolymph were significantly higher than those during feeding. Our results suggest the presence of a single gastrin/cholecystokinin-like peptide with feeding stage-dependent functional significance in Helix snails.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Breast feeding behavior and supplementary food pattern of villagers in Udon Thani Province, northeast Thailand.

Breast feeding and supplementary food patterns were studied in 3 villages, of Udon Thani Province in Northeast Thailand. All children of 58 mothers were breast fed. Moreover, 42 mothers (72.4%), advised by health workers, fed their children with colostrum. Those who did not give colostrum believed that colostrum may cause diarrhea. Fifty-one (87.9%) children were fed Kaw Yam, northeast native food made out of baked chewed banana and sticky rice, within 1-7 days after birth. The mothers believed that the food will fill the child's stomach, and consequently, her baby will stop to cry. Powder milk was also given to the child as supplementary food. A powder milk had a high social value for the mother and also health worker advised them to feed the children with it. Rice porridge was additionally supplemented at the age of 6-8 months until weaning or, at the time when the child had two front teeth. Child's weaning was forced by applying the nipples with local bitter tasting herb. This study indicates that any health education within a community should be aware of traditional belief and customs of the population. The promotion of proper breast feeding, and the introduction of supplementary food to children should be consider traditional beliefs and combine it with health educational means, which will result in a better adoptability of the villagers to the promotion of adequate infant feeding.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1981

Effects of peripheral and central bombesin on feeding behavior of rats.

Intraperitoneal injections of tetradecapeptide bombesin (BBS) produced large, dose-related suppressions of liquid and solid food intake in rats, with threshold doses of 1--2 micrograms-kg-1. The feeding-associated behaviors of rats receiving BBS by this route at a test meal were normally sequenced, and several other observations suggested that the effect of BBS was specific and not due to malaise. The structurally related amphibian peptide litorin and the structurally related mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) produced similar suppressions of food intake. The satiety effect of BBS administered intraperitoneally did not require the accumulation of food in the gut, the presence of intact adrenals, the abdominal vagus, or the release of cholecystokinin. When BBS and cholecystokinin were administered simultaneous, the suppressive effects on food intake were additive. Lateral cerebroventricular injections of BBS also produced large, dose-related suppressions of food intake, with a threshold dose of 100 ng per rat. The effect by this route, however, was not behaviorally specific: BBS produced equivalent inhibitions of food and water intake at every point on the dose-response curve, and produced a marked increase in grooming which dominated the behavioral display. Thus, (1) peripheral BBS is a putative satiety signal in the rat; (2) the class (endocrine, paracrine, or neural) and mechanism of this satiety action is not established; and (3) the differences in specificity and behavior following intraperitoneal and cerebroventricular routes indicate that peripheral BBS does not act solely via the cerebrospinal fluid to elicity satiety.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of a lipolytic factor (toxohormone-L) from ascites fluid of patients with hepatoma and its effect on feeding behavior.

The ascites fluids from patients with hepatoma or ovarian tumor and the pleural fluid from patients with malignant lymphoma elicited fatty acid release in slices of rat adipose tissue in vitro. The lipolytic factor, named toxohormone-L, was isolated from the ascites fluid of patients with hepatoma. The isolated preparation gave a single band on both disc gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol. Its molecular weight was determined to be 70,000-75,000 and 65,200 by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation respectively. Injection of toxohormone-L into the lateral ventricle of rats significantly suppressed food and water intakes. There was at least a 5-hr delay between its injection and the appearance of its suppressive effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Influences on the feeding behavior of three mammals in the Maruyama Zoo: bears, elephants, and chimpanzees.

Modifications of feeding conditions are essential to the establishment of environmental enrichment in zoos. In this study, we attempted to increase the duration of feeding by varying feeding conditions, such as the spatial or temporal distribution of foods, while keeping the sorts and amounts of food the same. Subjects included nonhuman animals reared at the Maruyama Zoo in Sapporo, Japan: 3 bears (Ursus arctos), 2 elephants (Elephas maximus), and 5 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Considering that the feeding ecologies of these animals differed a great deal from those in the wild, we used the focal animal sampling method. Consisting of the spatial dispersive and massed feeding conditions, the experiment with bears found feeding time increased more in the dispersive condition. In addition, the behavioral rhythm of alternate feeding and sleeping appeared. The experiment with elephants, consisting of the temporal dispersive and massed condition, increased feeding time under the massed condition. The experiment using chimpanzees reversed conditions used in the elephant study and increased feeding time under the dispersive condition. Results indicated that these simple modifications both influenced an increasing duration of feeding and affected behavioral patterns in a day.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The comparative efficiency of exploratory and conditioned-reflex feeding behaviors: the relative improvement in the former and the lag in the latter in amygdalectomy in rats].

Food-taking behaviour of two groups of rats (normal ones, N, and those with amygdalar lesions, AL) was compared to each other in two experimental situations: running to the feeding-cup in a new situation and the same after the learning procedure. In the first case the efficiency of food-taking behaviour was found to be higher in AL rats than that in N rats. On the contrary, in the second situation, the efficiency of food-taking was lower in AL rats. This difference was supposed to be connected with two factors: motivation (in a new situation) and mastering the environment (after learning). It was assumed that after AL the rats with a deficit of analytical-synthetic process became primarily oriented towards inborn programs. A sudden increase of food reinforcement resulted in AL rats in a reduce of feeding activity and an increase of general activity resembling much the effect of 5-HT in the limbic system.

Amygdala↗