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PubMed1989

Oxygen toxicity. The influence of adenine-nucleotides and phosphate on Fe2+ autoxidation.

FeCl2 in Na phosphate buffer autoxidizes forming active oxygen species which damage deoxyribose. Di- and triphosphate adenine-nucleotides inhibit both Fe2+ autoxidation and deoxyribose damage in Na phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The inhibition is related to the number of charges of the adenine-nucleotide molecule: ATP at pH 7.4 is a better inhibitor than ADP; at a pH (6.5) close to the pK's of the third and fourth charge of ADP and ATP, ADP inhibition is greatly decreased whereas ATP inhibition is slightly affected. The extent of ATP inhibition of Fe2+ autoxidation depends both on ATP/Mg2+ and ATP/Fe2+ ratios in the reaction mixture. Formation of a Fe2+-nucleotide complex appears to be the mechanism through which ATP and ADP inhibit autoxidation and thus the generation of active oxygen species. These findings are discussed in relation to physiological and pathological fluctuations of nucleotide concentrations.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1990

Model studies of the iron-catalysed Haber-Weiss cycle and the ascorbate-driven Fenton reaction.

Complementary hydroxylation assays and stopped-flow e.s.r. techniques have been employed in the investigation of the effect of various iron chelators (of chemical, biological and clinical importance) on hydroxyl-radical generation via the Haber-Weiss cycle and the ascorbate-driven Fenton reaction. Chelators have been identified which selectively promote or inhibit various reactions involved in hydroxyl-radical generation (for example, NTA and EDTA promote all the reactions of both the Haber-Weiss cycle and the ascorbate-driven Fenton reaction, whereas DTPA and phytate inhibit the recycling of iron in these reactions). The biological chelators succinate and citrate are shown to be relatively poor catalysts of the Haber-Weiss cycle, whereas they are found to be effective catalysts of .OH generation in the ascorbate-driven Fenton reaction. It is also suggested that continuous redox-cycling reactions between iron, oxygen and ascorbate may represent an important mechanism of cell death in biological systems.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed2004

Effects of chicken extract on plasma antioxidative status and lipid oxidation in healthy rats.

Chicken extract has been consumed in oriental countries for centuries for improving body conditions such as recovery from fatigue. It is a rich source of antioxidant dipeptides. The in vivo antioxidative abilities were evaluated. Diets mixed with 4 different amounts of chicken extract were investigated for in vivo antioxidation ability using healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), iron content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathion peroxidase (GPx) activity and uric acid content were determined. In healthy rats, most of the indexes were not affected by intake of chicken extract significantly. However, plasma TBARS in the chicken extract-fed groups increased at the end of the experiment, which could be due to some pro-oxidative minerals in the extract. In conclusion, we found no significant or minor changes on the activities of antioxidative enzymes, antioxidant conditions, or lipid oxidation in healthy rats from consuming chicken extract, which may be the result of a balanced body condition. However, because of its high content of dipeptides, we suggest that it should have liver protecting effects if oxidative stresses are introduced.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effects of chicken extract on antioxidative status and liver protection under oxidative stress.

Chicken extract contains carnosine and anserine, both of which possess some antioxidant abilities. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of chicken extract in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under induced oxidative stress. Carbon tetrachloride was used as the oxidative stress inducer. Glutamic-oxalacetatic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric-reactive substances (TBARS), iron content, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined. We concluded that under oxidative stress, the intake of chicken extract was helpful in promoting the activities of antioxidant enzymes and in protecting the liver from oxidative damage.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Biosynthesis of bicyclomycin. II. Biosynthetic conditions and incorporation of radioactive precursors into bicyclomycin by washed mycelium.

The biosynthesis of bicyclomycin by Streptomyces sapporonensis was studied using suspensions of washed mycelium. Nicotinamide and Fe2+ were found to be essential cofactors in the biosynthesis. Production of bicyclomycin was enhanced most effectively in the presence of equal moles of L-leucine and L-isoleucine, which in experiments with radioactively labeled compounds were found to be incorporated into bicyclomycin at equivalent rates. These facts strongly suggest that bicyclomycin biosynthesis involves coupling of equal moles of these two amino acids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1999

Role of Fe(III) in Fe(II)citrate-mediated peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane lipids.

In this report we study the effect of Fe(III) on lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(II)citrate in mitochondrial membranes, as assessed by the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antimycin A-insensitive oxygen uptake. The presence of Fe(III) stimulates initiation of lipid peroxidation when low citrate:Fe(II) ratios are used (< or = 4:1). For a citrate:total iron ratio of 1:1 the maximal stimulation of lipid peroxidation by Fe(III) was observed when the Fe(II):Fe(III) ratio was in the range of 1:1 to 1:2. The lag phase that accompanies oxygen uptake was greatly diminished by increasing concentrations of Fe(III) when the citrate:total iron ratio was 1:1, but not when this ratio was higher. It is concluded that the increase of lipid peroxidation by Fe(III) is observed only when low citrate:Fe(II) ratios were used. Similar results were obtained using ATP as a ligand of iron. Monitoring the rate of spontaneous Fe(II) oxidation by measuring oxygen uptake in buffered medium, in the absence of mitochondria, Fe(III)-stimulated oxygen consumption was observed only when a low citrate:Fe(II) ratio was used. This result suggests that Fe(III) may facilitate the initiation and/or propagation of lipid peroxidation by increasing the rate of Fe(II)citrate-generated reactive oxygen species.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Intravenous iron products.

Intravenous iron has been used extensively and successfully as part of the treatment of anemia in dialysis patients. Iron dextran can be used safely, however, there is a slight risk of severe, anaphylactoid reactions. Iron gluconate and iron sucrose are less likely to cause hypersensitivity reactions. These products should be safe and effective alternatives to iron dextran.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMed2001

Dihydroxybenzenes: driven Fenton reactions.

Different compounds that reduce Fe(III) and that simultaneously increase the oxidation potential of the H2O2/Fe2+ system, have been evaluated. In this work, the improving of Fenton reactions by 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) or 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (CAT) were studied. The three compounds are able to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II), but the kinetic results depend on the method used to determine the Fe(II) ion. The dihydroxybenzenes (DHBs) degrades veratryl alcohol (VA), a lignin model compound, to a greater extent than observed in a typical Fenton reaction. The rate of VA degradation was associated with the duration of the chemiluminescence (CAT > 2,3-DHBA > 3,4-DHBA) and not with the sum of integrated counts. The treatment of a cellulose pulp bleaching effluent with DHBs/Fe(III)/H2O2 was evaluated by analyzing their depolymerization at pH 4 and 7 through molecular mass distribution determinations.

Benzene Derivatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus isolated from lake water].

Two microbial strains have been isolated from lake water. The strains oxidize ferrous compounds and manganese. By the structure of microcolonies and the character of deposited oxides of these metals, the strains are identical to the genus Siderocapsa. However, according to their growth cycle and some morpho-physiological characteristics, they were included into the genus Arthrobacter (Corynebacteriaceae). Since these microorganisms differ, by their cultural and morpho-physiological properties, from other species of this genus, they were classed as a new species. Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus nov. sp.

Arthrobacter↗
PubMed2002

[Synthesis of hydroxamic acids and study of their complexes with iron (II) and (III) ions].

Hydroxamic acids are widespread in the tissues of plants, in metabolites of bacteria and fungi, including complex compounds with metal ions. These acids have wide spectrum of biological activity and therefore are perspective reagents for analysis of chemical elements. Fourteen aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of hydroxamic acids have been synthesized from esters of carboxylic acids. Photometric reactions of hydroxamic acids with iron (II) and (III) were investigated. Complex formation of iron (II) and (III) depending on pH was studied with series of synthesized hydroxamic acids: octanohydroxamic, maleic hydroxamic, 2-hydroxybenzoxydroxamic, benzoxydroxamic, phthalmonoxydroxamic and 3-metoxybenzohydroxamic acids. Composition of iron (III) complexes with 2-hydroxybenzohydroxamic, octanoxydroxamic, 3-metoxybenzohydroxamic acids and iron (II) with 2-hydroxybenzohydroxamic acid was studied by methods of mole ratio and isomolar solutions. Sensitivity of reagents was evaluated by values of absorption coefficients (epsilon). Stability of complexes in water and organic solvents was investigated. Interaction between iron (III) and hydroxamic acids (octanoxydroxamic, 2-hydroxybenzohydroxamic, 3-metoxybenzohydroxamic) have been applied for quantitative photometric analysis of iron (III) salts. Color reaction of iron (II) with 2-hydroxybenzohydroxamic acid was applied for quantitative photometric determination of iron (II) salts. 3-Metoxybenzohydroxamic acid was proposed as a new indicator for complexonometric analysis of iron (III). Chelatometric titration of iron (III) using this indicator is not influenced by copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese, so this methods is recommended for iron quantity detection in antianemic drugs, which are composed of latter microelements. Synthesis procedure of 2-benzoylamino-3-arylacrylhydroxamic acids from saturated azlactones was created. Color and precipitate reactions of iron (II) and (III), copper (II), nickel (II) and cobalt (II) ions with four newly synthesized acids (with and without substitutes in aromatic ring) were studied. Sensitivities of reactions between 2-benzoylamino-3-arylacrylhydroxamic acids and iron (II) and (III) were evaluated and compared with 2-hydroxybenzohydroxamic acid.

Chelating Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interaction of riboflavin and hemoproteins with organic free radicals and superoxide anions generated in the ultrasound field].

The reduction of ferricytochrome c to the ferro form in aqueous alcohol solutions in air by the action of ultrasound and the complete inhibition of this process in the presence of superoxide dismutase indicate the generation of superoxide anions. Further exposure to the ultrasonic field leads to a reverse process of oxidation of the cytochrome c ferro form to the ferri form by hydrogen peroxides and organic peroxides. The addition of catalase protects the cytochrome c ferro form from oxidation to the ferri form. The oxidized form of riboflavin effectively interacts with organic free radicals and superoxide anions to produce a leuko form, which is easily oxidized by air oxygen or the ferri forms of hemoglobin and cyt c to form riboflavin and hydrogen peroxide or the ferro forms of heme-containing proteins, respectively. The recurrence of redox reactions in the presence of riboflavin, organic free radicals, and O2 and the ferri forms of heme-containing proteins suggests that riboflavin can play a role of an antioxidant in the organism. It is supposed that, due to interaction with superoxide anions, riboflavin stabilizes the NO level in the organism under conditions of increased superoxide anion generation and (or) decreased superoxide dismutase activity. A possible role of riboflavin in the modulation of toxic and signal pathways of nitrogen oxide is discussed.

Air↗