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Results for “HEMORRHAGE, GASTROINTESTINAL”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prolonged remission after life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage from coexistent angiodysplasia and acquired bleeding diathesis.

A patient with angiodysplasia of the stomach and duodenum developed exceptionally severe and protracted gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Bleeding was intensified by a coexistent acquired hemostatic disorder characterized by decreased platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate, collagen, epinephrine and ristocetin, and a decrease in both plasma ristocetin cofactor activity and high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor multimers. Cryoprecipitate infusion corrected the von Willebrand factor defect but did not improve platelet aggregation. Bleeding stopped after prolonged aggressive combined medical and surgical therapy, and the patient had no recurrence of bleeding while followed for 27 months. Hemorrhage from the vascular lesions themselves dominated the clinical picture of this patient and other reported patients with coexistent angiodysplasia and congenital or acquired hemostatic abnormalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with chronic mesenteric venous occlusion.

Chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis without involvement of the splenic or portal veins may lead to gastrointestinal hemorrhage from mesenteric varices. Three cases are presented in this report; 1 patient died secondary to blood loss and 2 patients have experienced a benign clinical course. The presentation, methods of diagnosis, and therapeutic options for this disorder are described.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Interventional radiological management of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage--opportunities and drawbacks].

Currently, interventional radiological techniques are an accepted part of the multidisciplinary treatment of the patient with acute massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The main limitation to its wider use in arterial hemorrhage is the visualisation of the bleeding lesion by catheter angiography. In arterial gastro-duodenal hemorrhage transcatheter embolisation plays a minor role as compared to endoscopic techniques, but remains an option for endoscopic treatment failures and inoperable patients. Acute transpapillary bleeding are best addressed by radiological means. Microcatheter embolisation of small bowel and colonic bleeding has proven to be safe and efficacious in the emergency setting. The transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) with or without transvenous variceal embolisation enables the control of almost any acute variceal bleed. The prevention of rebleeding has further improved since the introduction stentgrafts. Its wider use is limited by the TIPS-related encephalopathy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Acrylonitrile-induced gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the effects of metabolism modulation in rats.

Acrylonitrile (VCN) is a heavily used monomer in plastic and fiber industries. Quantitatively, VCN-induced gastrointestinal hemorrhage is time and dose dependent and is not the result of a direct irritating action of VCN on gastric tissues. The effect of cytochrome P-450 enzymes inducers was studied. Pretreatment with phenobarbital decreased the VCN-induced GI blood loss (55%), while Aroclor 1254 drastically increased it (240%). VCN administration to rats treated with cobalt chloride or SKF 525A (cytochrome P-450 enzymes inhibitors) resulted in a significant protection against GI bleeding (10 and 40%, respectively). Treatment with diethylmaleate (a known depletor of reduced glutathione) prior to VCN administration, produced no significant change in the VCN-induced GI bleeding. Potassium cyanide (KCN) administration to rats failed to produce significant GI bleeding. These results indicate that metabolic activation of the VCN molecule, to a metabolite(s) other than cyanide by the cytochrome P-450 enzymes, is a prerequisite for VCN to induce gastric hemorrhage.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1991

[Secondary aorto-duodenal fistulas as a cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhages].

Aorto-duodenal fistulas represent a rare but highly dangerous complication following reconstructive aortic interventions. They may be the source of severe gastrointestinal hemorrhages. The recognition of cause and localization of the latter may be difficult. Only an immediate diagnosis permits urgent surgical intervention and may prevent the otherwise fatal outcome. The importance of an early diagnosis is underlined by two case reports.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in paralyzed and neurologically impaired patients: contribution of reflux esophageal disease.

The role of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and reflux esophagitis in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage was assessed in 13 male patients with chronic paralysis or neurologic impairment. Nine of the 13 patients initially presented for barium meal examination to evaluate anemia, hematemesis, heme-positive stools, or melena. Six of the 9 had radiographic evidence, confirmed by upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, of esophagitis with or without stricture without other upper GI tract lesions. Notably absent were antecedent symptoms of GER such as heartburn or dysphagia. Careful examination of the esophagus, although difficult, must be an integral part of the evaluation for anemia and/or gastrointestinal blood loss in paralyzed patients.

Adult↗