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PubMed1994

[Perceived health of persons and their practice of health promoting activities].

The perceived health of persons and their practice of health promoting activities were surveyed using a self-rating questionnaire with 49 items assessing level of health, practice of health promoting activities, life styles, health education, and participation in health screening for general health conditions and cancers. The questionnaires were mailed to 2,500 residents of a city, aged from 30 to 69 years old, randomly selected according to the composition ratios of the populations in the city. Persons from 2,333 subjects (1,057 male and 1,276 female) were effectively collected, representing about 1% of the city's population. General health was good in about 85% of the subjects, with decreases observed with age. Practice of activities for health promotion was wide-spread among the subjects. These activities included regularity, diet, nutrition, smoking and drinking control, physical exercise, sleep, and rest. The subjects expressed strong fear of cancers and concerns about deterioration in physical fitness. Their target life style was one with adequate sleep and rest, regularity in eating, good nutrition, and avoidance of overwork. Health screening participation rates were low at approximately 28% because of their perceived good health, and busy daily life and work. It appears that the perceived health of citizens may not always correlated with the practice of health promoting activities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of health promotion in midlife women.

Health locus of control, self-esteem, and health status were analyzed for their impact on health-promoting life-style activities in 262 women between 35 and 65 years of age. Negative chance health locus of control, self-esteem, current health status, health worry/concerns, post-high-school education, and internal health locus of control explained 25% of the variance of likelihood to engage in health-promoting life-style activities. Two canonical variates explained 72.8% of the variance in the criterion set, the subscale scores of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, Sechrist, & Pender, 1987). Internal health locus of control, self-esteem, current health status, and future health status explained 36.3% of the variance of the self-actualization, interpersonal support, and exercise subscales; age, negative chance health locus of control, health worry/concern, and negative (poor) prior health status explained 36.5% of the variance of the health responsibility, nutrition, and stress management subscales. The canonical correlations for the two variates were .78 and .66, respectively. The study results support in part the relationships posited in the Pender health promotion model and previous research on women's health.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Changes in empowerment: effects of participation in a lay health promotion program.

The Camp Health Aide Program is a lay health promotion program for migrant and seasonal farmworkers. The program increases access to health care while facilitating leadership development and empowerment of individual farmworkers through training and experience as lay health promoters (camp health aides [CHAs]). This article describes a study which documents impacts on the CHAs of working as lay health promoters in terms of changes in personal empowerment. The authors developed a working definition of personal empowerment and interviewed 27 CHAs at three program sites (Arizona, New Jersey, and Florida) at three different times. CHAs are grouped in five descriptive categories reflecting varying degrees of change in empowerment over this period. Of the total group of 27 CHAs, 24 exhibited some increase in personal empowerment during the study period. These changes are described in detail, and implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population-based health promotion: a new agenda for public health nurses.

The role of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) involves participation in the development and implementation of population-based health promotion activities. To support encourage and facilitate such participation, the Nursing Division of the Hamilton-Wentworth Department of Public Health Services initiated a "New Agenda" that would help to realize these PHN roles. The New Agenda involved a commitment by the Nursing Division to support population-based health promotion activities by PHNs through changes in Nursing Division policies and practices, and the advancement of a consensus among PHNs regarding the practice of population-based health promotion. A series of four workshops were designed and introduced to ensure that structural barriers to developing PHN roles were eliminated. PHNs stated they achieved role clarification and role acceptance through the New Agenda interventions.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Impact of a community health promotion program on existing organizations: the Minnesota Heart Health Program.

A community organization strategy was used in the delivery of health education programs by the Minnesota Heart Health Program (MHHP). The effectiveness of the approach was evaluated to determine whether an enhanced health promotion delivery system had developed in MHHP communities by the end of the intervention period or whether the intervention had suppressed community efforts. 'Social connectedness' among providers, as measured by health promotion network size, also was expected to be higher in intervention communities. Six Midwestern communities were studied: the MHHP communities of Mankato, MN and Fargo, ND--Moorhead, MN with two matched comparison communities for each (Winona, MN, St Cloud, MN and Eau Claire, WI, Sioux Falls, SD). Nine areas of health promotion were assessed, including the five heart disease risk factor areas where education campaigns had been implemented (smoking cessation, weight loss, eating patterns, exercise, and heart disease education and screening) and four other areas where community programs are common (chemical dependency; home, personal and drivers' safety; stress management; and cancer education and screening). Indicators of the health promotion delivery system were developed (program options and program participation), and data were collected in separate surveys of 438 community organization providers and 320 larger worksites in the six communities. Results showed no suppression of health promotion delivery systems in MHHP communities. Instead, the survey of larger worksites showed that there was greater participation in heart disease health promotion and greater 'social connectedness' among worksites in both intervention communities. Also, there were more heart disease health promotion programs in the larger intervention community of Fargo-Moorhead. In the community organization survey, results favored the larger intervention community over its comparison communities in heart disease health promotion program options and in 'social connectedness' but not in program participation. However, survey results favored one of the comparison communities (Winona) over the smaller intervention community (Mankato) on all indicators in this survey. The greater impact of the MHHP intervention at worksites suggests that institutionalization may be more likely in stable organizations whose current needs and interests fit the goals of the intervention activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Research directions in oral health promotion for older adults.

Health education and health promotion facilitate voluntary adoption of behaviors and provide educational, organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behaviors conductive to health. Health education and health promotion are complementary and any effort to eliminate oral disease requires both activities. Federal research initiatives in oral health promotion have encouraged more biomedical and behavioral research on oral health and aging through the establishment of research centers. Other initiatives have been established to speed the generation of basic and clinical research. Recent initiatives encourage research on aging and provide opportunities for oral health promotion during the coming decade. These include Healthy People 2000, the nation's health objectives for the decade; the NIH framework for the development of a strategic plan, and the NIDR Long-Range Research Plan, Broadening the Scope.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Health promotion and the role of the school nurse: a systematic review.

This paper describes findings from a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of school nurses in promoting the health of school children. The paper gives a brief account of the background to the study and the search strategy adopted. Some key findings are presented and discussed. The brief for the review was to seek evidence of effectiveness in the practice of school nurses. The results of the review were disappointing, in that little research of acceptable quality was found and little could be said about effectiveness. The result is therefore a more diffuse review that gives a summary of descriptive research and current views and opinions, although it does also present some pointers for future research. The study was funded by Health Promotion Wales.

Child↗
PubMed2001

'Settings' based health promotion: a review.

Over the past 10 years, 'settings' based health promotion has become a central feature of efforts to promote health that recognize the significance of context. Emerging in part from a perception of an over-reliance on individualistic methods, the approach was built on a profound belief in its value and deployed a range of novel theoretical resources, mainly from organizational sociology and psychology. This initial enthusiasm has been maintained within policy directives, in the published literature and, from our own experience, amongst health promotion practitioners. At the same time, with the maturing of the approach, has come a healthy element of critical review. Drawing upon the literature and based upon our experiences within the Health Education Board for Scotland, this paper seeks to bring together a range of perspectives, casting a critical yet constructive eye on current settings theory and practice. The paper first reviews the nature of settings based work, highlighting the varied bases and expectations that underpin it. Similarly, the many factors that influence the ability of health promoters to deliver such activities are considered. In relation to the construction and delivery of such activity, the paper suggests that there needs to be an explicit and detailed assessment of the nature of the setting, the skills of the health promoter and the associated expectations.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention and health promotion as a responsibility of legal health insurance--exemplified by a local insurance bureau].

The German statutory health insurance bodies are legally obliged to support health promotion of the assured, as stipulated by German social legislation since 1988. An analysis was performed covering a period of 5 years (1986-1990) in respect of all health-promoting and preventive measures carried out by a local so-called "Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse (= AOK)" looking after 170,000 insured persons, to find out the impact of the new legislation on the practice of that particular local insurance body. During the period under report no changes in activities were recorded that would be worth mentioning. Although expenditure for prevention rose by 50%, it was nevertheless impossible to administer preventive measures to all the insured persons throughout the area since the total amount reserved for this purpose was only 0.42% of the overall expenditure. A major portion of the documented measures such as consultation on foods, health-promoting sports, getting rid of the smoking habit, social counselling, anti-stress training courses and the like were not performed for primary prevention but on subjects who were already sick (diabetics, cardiovascular patients, patients suffering from diseases of the locomotor apparatus). Definite statements on the quality or success of the measures were possible in selected cases only. The results of the study prompted organisational improvements in that particular insurance body. Since their financial resources are limited, these bodies should shift the emphasis of their expert possibilities in prevention to on-target care of high-risk groups and to the training of multiplicators.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Identifying, recruiting, and enrolling adolescent survivors of childhood cancer into a randomized controlled trial of health promotion: preliminary experiences in the Survivor Health and Resilience Education (SHARE) Program.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the identification, recruitment, and enrollment of adolescent survivors of childhood cancer into an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of health promotion. METHODS: A total of 244 adolescents were contacted by mail and telephone to assess their trial eligibility. Data were collected with respect to each adolescent's demographics and trial recruitment efforts (frequency and intensity of telephone call contact); exclusion and randomization status were tracked throughout. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of adolescents were ultimately randomized in the trial and 69% were excluded from randomization (13% were ineligible, 33% refused to participate, 22% were unreachable or nonresponsive, that is, did not respond to trial mailings or telephone calls, and less than 1% were withdrawn prior to randomization). Among all eligible adolescents, the trial's consent rate was 49%. Adolescents excluded owing to refusal resided the farthest away from the intervention site and experienced the least amount of telephone call contact time. The primary reasons for trial refusal were lack of interest in health promotion (28%) and lack of time to participate (23%). CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion RCTs among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer may help prevent and control the onset and severity cancer-treatment-related late effects. However, trial success may be contingent upon tracing nonresponsive adolescents and reducing and eliminating barriers to participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Health promotion: the emerging frontier in nursing.

Health promotion is gaining recognition as a health care strategy. The major premise of this paper is that the nature of health promotion is emerging. Rising into view, health promotion offers many challenges and opportunities to all health care professionals. Many of the influences that health promotion will have on nursing have not yet been fully explored. What is health promotion? What concepts are inherent in health promotion? Are there models of health promotion that are specific to nursing? What will be nursing's role in health promotion? What changes are required by the nursing profession to enable nurses to emerge within this new frontier? These are central questions for nurses as health promotion professionals to ponder, and attempts are made in this paper to answer these questions.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

[Health promotion: convergence between the principles of health surveillance and socially responsible schools].

The authors discuss the convergence between health surveillance and socially responsible schools from a health promotion perspective in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The aim of health promotion strategies is to provide the population with the necessary means to improve their health. One of the explanatory paradigms for health surveillance is the social production of health, acknowledging the influence of living conditions on the population's health. The main thrust of schools that promote citizenship is social inclusion, achieved through education by recognizing the needs and possibilities of students and empowering citizens by raising awareness of their rights and duties. The convergence between health surveillance and socially responsible schools is demonstrated in four fields of health promotion: development of personal capacities by providing information and health education to empower people for healthier choices; strengthening of community action for better health; creation of health-friendly public and private environments; and construction of healthy public policies, involving both government and nongovernmental organizations.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1998

Historic and future health promotion contexts for nursing.

PURPOSE: Health promotion in the United States has been narrowly defined focusing primarily on individual behaviors, risk factors, and lifestyle. This article traces the historic and conceptual roots of health promotion care in the United States and critically examines the direction nurses have taken in health promotion. SCOPE: Health promotion care in Western ideology emphasizes the value of individuals and the importance of personal responsibility for success or failure. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion nursing interventions, based on the tenets of individual choice and knowledge, restrict the range of interventions. The complex nature of health promotion requires that nurses consider the economic, sociopolitical, and cultural context in which health care takes place. Recommendations are made for an expanded nursing role in health promotion, one that is consistent with nursing's underlying contextual focus and concern with environments.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1993

Mobile Work Site Health Promotion Programs can reduce selected employee health risks.

This study examined the effect of participation in a mobile work site health promotion program (MWHPP) on selected health risks. Measures of blood pressure, cholesterol total and total/high-density lipoprotein ratio, percent body fat, and submaximal fitness were taken at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month intervals from 113 employed adults. Significant reductions (P < or = .01) were observed in all variables measured. Further analysis of the number of employees who went from high risk to low risk demonstrated a significantly reduced risk of hypercholesterolemia, cholesterol total/high-density lipoprotein ration, and obesity (average significant chi 2 = 9.3, P < or = .05). It was concluded that participation in MWHPPs can significantly reduce several major cardiovascular risk factors. MWHPPs are relatively inexpensive compared with in-house health promotion programs and are one of the most cost-effective methods of reducing employee health risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reach out for health: a corporation's approach to health promotion.

Corporation health programs are one strategy to reduce health care costs. This paper describes a health and safety program at the Southern New England Telephone Company that was started in January 1983. The three phases of the comprehensive statewide wellness program called Reach Out For Health are described. Eighteen different health education and fitness courses help employees reduce health risks and achieve healthier life-styles. Several motivational techniques are presented. Evaluation components of the program give feedback to all concerned.

Health Education↗
PubMed2004

Dispute, dissent and the place of health promotion in a "disrupted tradition" of health improvement.

Dispute over the nature and purpose of health promotion has characterized the development of this field of activity in recent times. This paper explores such disputes and offers an explanation for them. I argue that health promotion and related fields (such as public health and health education) share in a "disrupted tradition." I assert that "health promotion" can be seen as the term presently favored by some to represent an extensive "tradition of protecting and improving the health of the public." Its relative favor and currency can be ascribed to a degree of power shift between competing groups operating with separate conceptions of health, away from biomedicine and towards more socially rooted understanding. Relative degrees of power and influence possessed by these groups at different historical times have contributed to the "disruption" of the tradition. Understanding this disruption helps explain a number of historiographical and theoretical problems besetting the field.

Health Education↗