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PubMed1961

The lathyrogenic effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INAH) on the chick embryo and its reversal by pyridoxal.

When applied to the chorio-allantoic membrane of the chick embryo, isoniazid was shown to produce an increase in the fragility of the embryo and in the amount of collagen which was extractable from the bones with cold 1 M sodium chloride. The administration of pyridoxal reversed these phenomena almost completely. The effect of isoniazid differed from that of beta-aminopropionitrile in that the latter was of greater magnitude, and was not affected by pyridoxal; whereas beta-aminopropionitrile caused skeletal deformities, isoniazid even at 12 times the concentration produced no deformities. The aldehyde group of pyridoxal was shown to be necessary for its interaction with isoniazid.

Aminopropionitrile↗
PubMed2001

Identification of catalase-like activity from Mycobacterium leprae and the relationship between catalase and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH).

As Mycobacterium leprae proliferate inside macrophages, it has been speculated that catalase encoded by katG may protect the bacilli from deleterious effects of peroxide generated from the macrophage and may also play a crucial role in the survival of M. leprae in vivo. However, unlike that of M. tuberculosis, the katG of M. leprae has been reported to be a pseudogene, implicating that isoniazid, which is activated to a potent tuberculocidal agent by catalase, is unlikely to be of therapeutic benefit to leprosy patients. These results raise a question as to how M. leprae avoids H202-mediated killing inside macrophages. To understand the survival of M. leprae in macrophages, the present study attempted to detect catalase-like activity in M. leprae. Catalase-like activity was found in M. leprae cell lysate by the diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining method with non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An ammonium sulphate precipitation study revealed that the catalase-like activity was precipitable with 80% ammonium sulphate. The effect of isoniazid (INH) on M. leprae growth was also tested by RT-PCR and radiorespirometric assay to examine catalase-like activity in M. leprae, because INH was activated by catalase. It was found that the viability of M. leprae was decreased at a concentration of 20 microg/ml by radiorespirometric assay and it was inhibited at higher concentrations as determined by RT-PCR. These data suggest that a catalase-like activity other than that encoded by katG is present in M. leprae.

Ammonium Sulfate↗