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PubMed1982

High performance liquid chromatography of folates: identification of poly-gamma-glutamate chain lengths of labeled and unlabeled folates.

A sensitive method is described for the identification of the polyglutamate chain lengths of labeled and unlabeled folates in biological extracts. Folates in bacterial or mammalian tissue extracts were quantitatively cleaved to rho-aminobenzoylpolyglutamates. The primary aromatic amines were converted to azo dyes of naphthylethylene diamine and were purified by chromatography on BioGel P2 polyacrylamide columns. The purified azo dyes were reductively reconverted to rho-aminobenzoylpolyglutamates, which were separated according to glutamate chain length by high performance liquid chromatography on a Partisil 10 SAX anionic exchanger. Unlabeled derivatives derived from tissue folates were detected and quantitated by their absorbance at 280 nm. Lactobacillus casei contained folates of glutamate chain length up to 11 with the octa- and nonaglutamates predominating, while tetraglutamates predominated in Streptococcus faecalis. Vitamin in rat liver was a mixture of pteroylmono- to heptaglutamate with the pentaglutamate predominating.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Transport of D-xylose in Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus plantarum: evidence for a mechanism of facilitated diffusion via the phosphoenolpyruvate:mannose phosphotransferase system.

We have identified and characterized the D-xylose transport system of Lactobacillus pentosus. Uptake of D-xylose was not driven by the proton motive force generated by malolactic fermentation and required D-xylose metabolism. The kinetics of D-xylose transport were indicative of a low-affinity facilitated-diffusion system with an apparent K(m) of 8.5 mM and a V(max) of 23 nmol min(-1) mg of dry weight(-1). In two mutants of L. pentosus defective in the phosphoenolpyruvate:mannose phosphotransferase system, growth on D-xylose was absent due to the lack of D-xylose transport. However, transport of the pentose was not totally abolished in a third mutant, which could be complemented after expression of the L. curvatus manB gene encoding the cytoplasmic EIIB(Man) component of the EII(Man) complex. The EII(Man) complex is also involved in D-xylose transport in L. casei ATCC 393 and L. plantarum 80. These two species could transport and metabolize D-xylose after transformation with plasmids which expressed the D-xylose-catabolizing genes of L. pentosus, xylAB. L. casei and L. plantarum mutants resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose were defective in EII(Man) activity and were unable to transport D-xylose when transformed with plasmids containing the xylAB genes. Finally, transport of D-xylose was found to be the rate-limiting step in the growth of L. pentosus and of L. plantarum and L. casei ATCC 393 containing plasmids coding for the D-xylose-catabolic enzymes, since the doubling time of these bacteria on D-xylose was proportional to the level of EII(Man) activity.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1991

Lactobacillus casei subspecies casei endocarditis--a case report.

Lactobacillus sp., generally considered to be a harmless indigenous bacteria of the mucous membrane, occasionally causes serious infections. Lactobacillus endocarditis is a very rare disease, and no case has been reported in Korea. Gram-positive bacilli were isolated from blood cultures of a 41-year-old man with clinically suspected subacute bacterial endocarditis. The patient had a dental procedure 3 months prior to the infection. The isolate was identified as L. casei subsp. casei based on the cultural characteristics and gas liquid chromatography of metabolic products. The patient was treated with ampicillin and improved. When Lactobacillus is isolated from the blood of an endocarditis patient, the significance should be seriously considered.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

The microbial ecology of soybean soaking for tempe production.

Soybeans soaked in tap water for 24 to 36 h at 20, 30 or 37 degrees C underwent a natural fermentation that was characterized by the growth of microorganisms to 10(8)-10(10) cfu/ml (depending on temperature) and a reduction of pH from 6.5 to 4.5. Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae dominated the fermentation but, significant contributions were also made by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Citrobacter diversus and Bacillus brevis, and the yeasts Pichia burtonii, Candida didensiae and Rhodotorula rubra. Fermentation of surface-decontaminated beans in sterile water with pure cultures of these isolates showed L. casei, Strep. faecium and Staph. epidermidis to be the main species responsible for the pH reduction. Soybeans were the main source of microorganisms for the fermentation. Boiled beans did not undergo an acid fermentation.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2006

Mesalazine and/or Lactobacillus casei in preventing recurrence of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon: a prospective, randomized, open-label study.

GOALS: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of mesalazine, with or without Lactobacillus casei, in preventing recurrence of symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. BACKGROUND: Both mesalazine and probiotics showed recently their effectiveness in obtaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Consistent data are not available on the optimal therapy to prevent recurrence of symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. STUDY: Multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study. Ninety consecutive patients (36 men, 54 women, mean age 67.5 y, range 39 to 84 y), previously affected by symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon (remission obtained with rifaximin 800 mg/d plus mesalazine 2.4 g/d for 10 d, followed by mesalazine 1.6 g/d for 8 wk), were enrolled in a 12-month follow-up. The following symptoms were assessed at entry and through follow-up by using a quantitative scale: (1) constipation, (2) diarrhea, (3) abdominal pain, (4) rectal bleeding, and (5) mucus with the stools. After recruitment, the patients were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 groups: mesalazine 1.6 g/d (group M), L. casei DG 16 billion/d for 15 d/mo (group L); mesalazine 1.6 g/d+L. casei DG 16 billion/d for 15 d/mo (group LM). RESULTS: Eighty-five patients completed the study (94.5%): 2 patients (2.22%, 1 of group M and 1 of group LM) were withdrawn from the study for protocol violation and 1 (1.11%) for hospital admission due to acute pulmonary disease (group L); 2 patients (2.22%) were lost to follow-up. Seventy-five patients (88.2%) were symptom free after the 12th month of treatment (overall symptomatic score: (0): 23/27 patients of group M [on intention to treat: 76.7% confidence interval (CI 95%: 61.5 to 91.8)], 23/29 of group L [on intention to treat: 76.7% (CI 95%: 61.5 to 91.8)], 29/29 of group LM [on intention to treat: 96% (CI 95%: 94.2 to 100)] (P < 0.05). Only 10 patients (11.1%) showed recurrence of symptoms (overall symptomatic score: 68). CONCLUSIONS: Both mesalazine and L. casei DG seem to be effective in preventing recurrence of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon, but their association seems to be more promising in this field.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Reduction of influenza virus titer and protection against influenza virus infection in infant mice fed Lactobacillus casei Shirota.

We investigated whether oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota to neonatal and infant mice ameliorates influenza virus (IFV) infection in the upper respiratory tract and protects against influenza infection. In a model of upper respiratory IFV infection, the titer of virus in the nasal washings of infant mice administered L. casei Shirota (L. casei Shirota group) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in infant mice administered saline (control group) (10(2.48) +/- 10(0.31) and 10(2.78) +/- 10(0.4), respectively). Further, the survival rate of the L. casei Shirota group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control group (14.3 versus 40.0%). One day after infection, pulmonary NK cell activity and interleukin-12 production by mediastinal lymph node cells of mice in the L. casei Shirota group were significantly greater than those of mice in the control group. These findings suggest that oral administration of L. casei Shirota activates the immature immune system of neonatal and infant mice and protects against IFV infection. Therefore, oral administration of L. casei Shirota may accelerate the innate immune response of the respiratory tract and protect against various respiratory infections in neonates, infants, and children, a high risk group for viral and bacterial infections.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1999

Production and shelf-life studies of low cost beverage with soymilk, buffalo cheese whey and cow milk fermented by mixed cultures of Lactobacillus casei ssp. shirota and Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

A study was performed to develop a fermented milk beverage with the aim to increase the potential application of buffalo cheese whey and soymilk. A mixed substrate was prepared by selective combination, which contained buffalo cheese whey 35%, soymilk 30% and cow milk 35%. The substrate mixture was fermented by a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei shirota and Bifidobacterium adolescentis at 37 degrees C for 8 h keeping a 1:1.5 proportion between the lactic and bifidobacteria within a 5% (v/v) inoculum size. The fermented beverage was lightly extra-flavoured with vanilla essence and subjected to chemical, microbiological and sensory evaluations during storage for 28 days at 4 degrees C. Except a slight variation in the acidity, no other properties changed even after 28 days. There were no contaminating organisms (Salmonella and coliforms), which indicated the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the processing and the viable cells of the bacterial strains was well within recommended limits (6.8 x 10(8) cells for L. casei and 2.3 x 10(7) cells for Bifidobacterium). No negative changes were found in the sensory characteristics of the beverage allowing its good acceptability in all during the storage period.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of Bacillus subtilis levanase gene in Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei.

Two Lactobacillus-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors, harbouring the levanase gene from Bacillus subtilis under the control of its own promoter (pLPEW1) or behind the E. coli tac promoter (pESIEW2), were constructed. Lactobacillus plantarum showed the same growth characteristics on selective plates and in liquid media containing inulin, after transformation with either pLPEW1 or pESIEW2. L. plantarum transformed with pLPEW1 could be selected on inulin plates, indicating that levanase expression can be used as a food-grade selection system for Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus casei grew faster in inulin-containing medium than L. plantarum after transformation with pESIEW2, but did not grow when harbouring pLPEW1. Inulin-degrading activities of 90 mU/ml were found in culture medium of L. plantarum containing pLPEW1 or pESIEW2, and of 500 mU/ml in medium of L. casei (pESIEW2). Addition of 1 mM isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside to the culture medium had no effect on growth and levanase expression in L. plantarum (pESIEW2) and L. casei (pESIEW2) strains. Levanase produced by L. casei (pESIEW2) has a size of 75 kDa and 72 kDa, corresponding to that of unprocessed and mature B. subtilis levanase, respectively, suggesting that the protein produced is recognized and processed by a signal peptidase.

Bacillus subtilis↗

PubMed1988

Microbial caries induction in the roots of human teeth in vitro.

Streptococcus mutans GS5, Lactobacillus casei DSM20011 and Actinomyces viscosus T14 produce artificial caries in the roots of extracted teeth. Roots were coated with wax leaving an 8 mm2 window exposed on the buccal surfaces, and then incubated for 8 days in the presence of the test organism, the synthetic medium being changed each day. Samples were then examined by SEM, or microradiographs were obtained from 120 microns sections. The pH at the root surface at the end of the induction averaged 4.43, 5.00 and 5.20, and the lesion depths measured on the microradiographs averaged 121, 83 and 34 microns, for Strep. mutans, L. casei and A. viscosus respectively. This relationship between pH and lesion depth confirms earlier findings. As all of these organisms can produce lesions in tooth structure, elimination of one type would probably not eliminate caries.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed2006

Natural killer cell activities of synbiotic Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei in conjunction with dextran.

We have reported previously that Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei, together with specific substrate dextran, exhibited an adjuvant effect of stimulating humoral immune responses against bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model antigen in BALB/c mice. In the present study, among the Lactobacillus species tested, L. casei ssp. casei with dextran significantly elevated the natural killer (NK) cell activities in spleen mononuclear cells from BALB/c mice in comparison to L. casei ssp. casei alone or other Lactobacillus species with or without dextran. Oral administration of L. casei ssp. casei together with dextran also resulted in a significant increase of NK cell activities in healthy human volunteers. Further, L. casei ssp. casei induced significant production of interleukin (IL)-12 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and IL-15 mRNA expression in the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. L. casei ssp. casei with dextran in food also significantly elevated the survival rate of BALB/c mice bearing Meth-A cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that dietary synbiotic supplementation which is a combination of the L. casei ssp. casei used as a probiotic together with the dextran, a specific substrate as a prebiotic, efficiently elicits murine and human NK cell activities.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Effect of Lactobacillus casei and yogurt administration on prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in young mice.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes pulmonary disease in normal hosts but one that is an important cause of acute pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including neonates, and of chronic pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this work was to study the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei and yogurt on prevention of P. aeruginosa lung infection in young mice (3 weeks old). This study demonstrates that oral administration of L. casei or yogurt to young mice enhanced lung clearance of P. aeruginosa and phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages through a dose-dependent effect. There were, however, no significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) differential counts. Furthermore, it was observed that previous administration of L. casei or yogurt induced a significant increase in IgA and IgM levels in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) after a P. aeruginosa infection, although there was no relationship with the serum values.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1983

[Preservation of lactic acid bacteria].

The lyophilized Streptococcus lactis, S. cremoris, S. diacetilactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. casei C10, L. caucasicus cultures have had a great number of viable cells after 4 years storage. L. casei and S. cremoris strains endured 3 months storage at -30 degrees C and in the sterile vaseline oil for 8 months. After storage S. cremoris strains showed the high level of the lactic acid formation and of proteolytic and lipolytic activities.

Freeze Drying↗

PubMed2004

Daily ingestion of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN114001 improves innate-defense capacity in healthy middle-aged people.

Different lactic acid bacteria have often been administered as a dietary means to enhance immune system activity. Based on this statement, the aim of the current work was to test the effects of a Lactobacillus casei DN114001 fermented milk consumption on the immune response capacity in middle-age volunteers. Forty-five healthy volunteers, 24 women and 21 men (aged: 51-58 years), were randomized into two groups to receive three cups per day of a L. casei DN114001 (10(8)-10(10) ufc/g) fermented milk (n = 23), or placebo (n = 22), during an 8-week period. Measurements were performed before (day 0), and after the nutritional intervention (day 56). After the trial, no changes in immune cell proportions were detected, but the probiotic-treated group increased oxidative burst capacity of monocytes (probiotic group: p = 0.029; placebo group: p = 0.625), as well as NK cells tumoricidal activity (probiotic group: p = 0.023; placebo group: p = 0.125). Results showed that daily intake of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN114001 could have a positive effect in modulating the innate immune defense in healthy-middle-age people.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Kinetic modelling of Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus growth and lactic acid production in batch cultures under various medium conditions.

Enrichment of medium with yeast extract and tryptone increased growth and lactic acid production in batch cultures of Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus. A reliable kinetic model that explicitly expresses the strong relationship between microbial growth, lactic acid production and medium enrichment is provided and validated using experimental data obtained with six different medium compositions.

Cell Culture Techniques↗

PubMed2005

Nucleotide sequence, structural organization and host range of pRS4, a small cryptic Pediococcus pentosaceus plasmid that contains two cassettes commonly found in other lactic acid bacteria.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the cryptic plasmid pRS4 (3550 bp) from Pediococcus pentosaceus RS4 was determined. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of three open reading frames (ORFs). The putative protein coded by ORF 1 showed 93% identity with the mobilization protein of Lactobacillus casei plasmid pLC88 and 94% identity with a sequenced fragment of the mobilization protein of P. damnosus plasmid pF8801, suggesting a common origin for these three mobilization proteins. The putative protein coded by ORF 2 showed 92% identity with the replication protein of L. plantarum plasmid pWCFS101, a plasmid that replicates via the rolling circle (RC) mechanism, suggesting a similar replication mechanism for pRS4. Supporting this hypothesis, a putative double strand origin (dso) and a region with palindromic sequences that could function as single strand origin (sso), were detected in pRS4. A function could not be assigned to ORF 3. Since ORF 1 exhibits high identity with L. casei plasmid pLC88 but lower identity (58%) with other Lactobacillus plasmids, and ORF 2 exhibits high identity with the L. plantarum plasmid pWCFS101 but lower identity (55-58%) with other Lactobacillus plasmids (including pLC88), two independent cassettes, from different sources, seem to be involved in the structure of pRS4. Plasmids derived from pRS4 containing the chloramphenicol resistance gene were successfully electrotransformed in L. plantarum, L. casei, P. pentosaceus, and Pediococcus acidilactici, suggesting that pRS4 could be used as a cloning vector for lactic acid bacteria. To our knowledge pRS4 is the first RC-replicating plasmid of P. pentosaceus that has been completely sequenced and used as cloning vector.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Molecular diagnosis of endocarditis due to Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus.

We report a case of endocarditis due to Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus. The bacterium isolated from blood cultures and from valve tissue specimens was identified using both phenotypical analysis and DNA sequence analysis, which revealed that the rod profiles of the pathogens recovered from blood cultures and valve tissue specimens were the same.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Inhibitory effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on microflora associated with ready-to-use vegetables.

The addition of selected lactic acid bacteria strains had a remarkable inhibitory effect on the growth dynamics of microflora associated with ready-to-use vegetables, during refrigerated storage. In particular, coliforms and enterococci were strongly reduced or eliminated from the products from the third day of storage. Lactobacillus casei strains proved more effective than pediococci. The use of lactic cultures able to produce bacteriocins and to grow at low temperatures could be a useful tool to preserve fresh vegetables and to ensure their microbiological safety.

Antibiosis↗

PubMed2005

Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 inhibits the ability of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells.

Ileal lesions in 36.4% of patients with Crohn's disease are colonized by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro inhibitory effects of the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001, on adhesion to and invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by adherent-invasive E. coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients. The experiments were performed with undifferentiated Intestine-407 cells and with undifferentiated or differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Bacterial adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells were assessed by counting CFU. The inhibitory effects of L. casei were determined after coincubation with adherent-invasive E. coli or after preincubation of intestinal cells with L. casei prior to infection with adherent-invasive E. coli. Inhibitory effects of L. casei on adherent-invasive E. coli adhesion to differentiated and undifferentiated intestinal epithelial cells reached 75% to 84% in coincubation and 43% to 62% in preincubation experiments, according to the cell lines used. Addition of L. casei culture supernatant to the incubation medium increased L. casei adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and enhanced the inhibitory effects of L. casei. The inhibitory effects on E. coli invasion paralleled those on adhesion. This effect was not due to a bactericidal effect on adherent-invasive E. coli or to a cytotoxic effect on epithelial intestinal cells. As Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 strongly inhibits interaction of adherent-invasive E. coli with intestinal epithelial cells, this finding suggests that the probiotic strain could be of therapeutic value in Crohn's disease.

Bacterial Adhesion↗