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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Image analysis of the microvascular permeability to various molecular weight of flucrescein in rat mesentery].

An intravital fluorescence microscopic method and digital image analysis were established for measuring the changes of fluorescein sodium (FINa, MW 376) and FITC-Dextrans (FD-4, MW4000, FD-150, MW150000) permeability in mesenteric microvessels. The transport of various molecular fluorescent tracer within the blood vessels and through the vessel walls into the perivascular tissue of the rat mesentery was studied using a highly sensitive CCD camera, the fluorescence intensities were transformed into video signals and recorded for subsequent analysis. The results showed that FINa could pass through the wall of microvessels very quickly. The diffusion constant was 3.362 x 10(-8) cm2/s with FINa, and FD-4 was 1.718 x 10(-8) cm2/s, FD-150 was 0.0486 x 10(-8) cm2/s. The diffusion constant depended very strongly on the molecular weight and showed no difference between capillary and vessels of the venous part of the microcirculation, but in vessels of the arterial part of microcirculation no diffusion was found. That was to say that diffusion occurred in capillary and microvenous, but not in microarterial. It is expected that this method would be very useful for the quantitive analysis in various molecular weights and in monolayer endothelial cell permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Differences in differential diagnosis between acute mesenterial lymphadenitis and appendicitis in children].

The thermal streams intensity (THSI) from definite points of anterior abdominal wall in children with an acute mesenterial lymphadenitis (AML) and an acute appendicitis (AA) were determined. It was established, that in right inguinal region THSI in AA was in 4.06 times higher than in AML, in paraumbilical region--THSI was in 2.78 times, in the left subcostal region--in 1.76 times higher in AML than in AA. In the right subcostal region THSI was higher in an AA. Differential algorithm for AML and AA was determined. In children with an AML the circulating immune complexes level in the blood plasma was by 26.4% higher than such in children with an AA, presenting possible additional differential-diagnostical criterion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

In vivo microvascular actions of Artemisia vulgaris L. in a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat intestinal mesentery.

Water extract fractions of leaves from Artemisia vulgaris L. (commonly known as mugwort) were tested for their effects on tissue damage brought about by ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat mesentery. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 200-300 grams in weight were divided into two groups, control and treatment (AV) group. All rats were anesthetized with ketamine HCl administered intramuscularly, tracheotomized and cannulated in one carotid artery and one jugular vein. After a midline abdominal incision, the mesenteric area was exteriorized and observed using videomicroscopy. After baseline observations of systemic blood pressure, heart rate, venular diameters and leukocyte adhesion along venules, the mesenteric artery and vein were occluded for 10 minutes. Prior to occlusion, A. vulgaris-treated animals were given a bolus injection of a 1% w/v solution of extracts, while the control group received saline. Monastral Blue dye was also administered before the occlusion at a dose of 30 mg/kg via the jugular vein in order to assess transendothelial leakage. Hemodynamic and cellular parameters were measured immediately after the release of occlusion and at 10 minute intervals thereafter. Results show that the extracts had no significant effects on mean blood pressures and heart rates, but appeared to significantly reduce leukocyte adherence and transendothelial leakage while improving flow in the ischemia-reperfused organ. The extract fractions contain yomogin, which has been previously shown to inhibit iNOS activity, and may therefore explain the anti-inflammatory property of the plant.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of nipradilol on the microvascular tone of rat mesentery: comparison with other beta-blockers and vasodilators.

The effects of nipradilol, a nonselective beta-blocker with vasodilator activities, on the diameter of arterioles and venules were examined in rat mesentery in vivo and were compared with those of propranolol, atenolol, labetalol, nifedipine and nitroglycerin. Topical application of nipradilol (10(-7) M and 10(-6) M) dilated the arterioles significantly to 109 +/- 2% and 112 +/- 2% of control, respectively (mean +/- S.E.; n = 9; p < 0.01), without changes in blood pressure and pulse rate. The dilator effect was comparable to that of nifedipine and nitroglycerin. Propranolol constricted the arterioles (to 86 +/- 3% at 10(-7) M; n = 9; p < 0.01), but atenolol and labetalol had no significant effects. Nitroglycerin dilated venules significantly (to 108 +/- 2% at 10(-7) M; n = 6; p < 0.01) but other drugs showed no significant effects on the tone of venules. Unlike the other beta-blockers used in this study, nipradilol has dilator effects on arterioles as have nifedipine and nitroglycerin.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2005

[Surgical treatment of ulcer disease in arterio-mesenterial compression of the duodenum].

Experience in surgical treatment of 124 patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers associated with chronic duodenal obstruction due to arterio-mesenterial compression of the duodenum is analyzed. This combination occurred in 12% of all patients with ulcers over 20-year period. Special methods of examination were used for diagnosis: probe duodenography with duodeno-manometry, hepato-bili-scintigraphy. Differential approach to choice of surgical method was developed, and two original methods of surgery are presented: selective proximal vagotomy and resection of the stomach in combination with duodeno-jejuno-anastomosis. Long-term results were studied in 75 patients, and in 93% of them they were assessed as excellent and good. Quality of life of patients after surgery depends on severity of chronic duodenal insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Chronic epinephrine treatment fails to alter prejunctional adrenoceptor modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission in the rat mesentery.

Rats were treated chronically with epinephrine (EPI-T; 100 micrograms/kg/hr, s.c.) for 6 days. On day 6 of treatment, the rats were anesthetized and the mesenteric vascular bed was isolated and perfused with Krebs' bicarbonate buffer containing cocaine (10 microM) and corticosterone (40 microM). Stimulus-induced (2 Hz, 120 pulses) overflow of neurotransmitter and its modulation by prejunctional adrenoceptors was studied. After chronic exposure to EPI, 50% of the mesenteric catecholamine stores consisted of EPI with no increase in total catecholamine content as compared to the control group (C). Absolute and fractional overflows of catecholamines upon periarterial nerve stimulation (2 Hz, 1 min) were not significantly different in the two groups. Beta adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) did not alter the overflow of catecholamines. Alpha adrenoceptor blockade by phentolamine (10(-5) M) increased neurotransmitter overflow in both EPI-T and C groups. However, there was no significant difference in total catecholamine overflows between the two groups. Moreover, in the presence of phentolamine, propranolol (10(-6) M) remained without effect on overflow in both groups. These data suggest that EPI-T did not significantly increase the stimulus-induced overflow of catecholamines in the rat mesentery, nor did EPI-T result in prejunctional beta adrenoceptor modulation of neurotransmitter release in the mesenteric vascular bed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Paradoxical mesentery embolism and silent myocardial infarction in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report.

In this case, we describe a 33-year-old man presenting with acute mesenteric ischemia. When we searched for a source of embolism, a giant right atrial mass and patent foramen ovale was discovered. Standard electrocardiography showed signs of an old, silent anteroseptal wall myocardial infarction, confirmed by echocardiography and left ventriculography. Coronary angiography revealed complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. The diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome was confirmed by anticardiolipin antibodies test. Surgical myocardial revascularization along with the resection of the mass and the closure of the patent foramen ovale were performed. Histological examination of the operative specimen showed a thrombus. This is the first reported case presenting with acute paradoxical mesentery embolism accompanying an old myocardial infarction in a young patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Reduction in rat mesentery mast cell staining after degranulation by protamine. A competitive antagonism.

Degranulation of rat mesentery mast cells by increasing concentrations of protamine causes a parallel decrease in the numbers of mast cells stained with toluidine blue or with berberine sulfate. No decrease in mast cell numbers occurs when degranulation is inhibited. Since protamine does not enter into non stimulated mast cells, these results suggest that this reduction in mast cell numbers is caused by the binding of protamine to the anionic sites of heparin of exocytosed granules thereby preventing their staining. There seems to be a competitive antagonism between protamine and toluidine blue at the anionic sites of heparin for increasing concentrations of toluidine blue progressively reverse the reduction in mast cell numbers.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of the rate of oxygen release from flowing erythrocytes in a microvessel--development of an apparatus and the application to microvessels of rat mesentery].

An apparatus for determining the rate of oxygen release from flowing erythrocytes in microvessel was developed by attaching the following units to an inverted microscope. 1) A scanning spectrophotometer, equipped with a grating and a photon counter, was connected with a narrow light-guide, as to obtain the absorption spectrum (wave length range: 450 approximately 650 nm) of a focused spot (of 5 microns diameter), and then to calculate hemoglobin concentration and the oxygen saturation. 2) To measure the velocity of erythrocyte flow by dual-spots cross-correlation method, two photomultipliers (joined to an analog-digital converter and a personal-computer) were connected to the microscope with two light-guides. 3) An image-processor was used to estimate the diameter of vessel from the digitized video-images. The performance of the apparatus was examined with hemoglobin solution and erythrocyte suspension (by flowing through rectangular capillary tubes). The apparatus was applied for microvessels of rat mesentery to determine the rate of oxygen release from flowing erythrocytes. The rate was maximum in capillaries, and the rate in microvessels of arterial side was greater than that in microvessels of venous side ones.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of some new angiotensin II analogs on the reactivity of small arterioles in the mesentery of rat intestine.

The influence of nine new angiotensin II analogs: Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Gly-His-Pro-Phe (1-RP), Asp-Arg-Val-DL-p-ClPhe-Ile-His-Pro-Phe (2-RP), epsilon Ahx-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe (3-RP), Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-beta Ala-His-Pro-Ile (4-RP), Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-Pro-Phe (5-RP), beta Ala-Arg-Val-Tyr-D-Val-His-Pro-Lac (6-RP), beta Ala-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Lac (7-RP), epsilon Ahx-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe (8-RP) and Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Thr (9-RP) on the contractility of small arterioles in the rat intestinal mesentery was investigated. All the peptides had weaker contractile activity than angiotensinamide. The most potent new peptides presented 56% (1-RP), 67% (3-RP) and 78% (8-RP) of the agonistic activity of angiotensinamide. None of the new angiotensin II analogs had antagonistic activity. Compounds 1-RP and 3-RP presented the tendency to cause tachyphylaxis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[The distribution of blood flow velocity in the terminal bed of the rat mesentery].

Blood flow velocities in microvessels of the rat intestinal mesentery were determined by means of prism-grating method. Mean velocity values in arterioles were 1.9 +/- 0.1, in venules 1.2 +/- 0.2, in capillaries 0.82 +/- 0.06 and in arteriole-venule anastomoses 1.7 +/- 0.2 mm/s. These values do not vary significantly in arterioles with internal diameter from 23.2 to 6.9 mm and in venules from 7.2 to 28.2 mm. The most significant velocity changes appear in the passage of arterioles into capillaries (50%) and between capillaries and venules (40%).

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Intestinal infarct due to spontaneous mesenterial and intramural anticoagulant hemorrhage].

A 69-year-old man who had been anticoagulated for 18 months reported with acute pain in the epigastric region. Laparotomy revealed more than 1 liter of unclotted blood in the peritoneal cavity and, in the mesentery of the medium small bowel, a number of fist-size hematomas and a 30 cm long, hemorrhagic, fibrin-coated small bowel segment gangrenously infarcted in the middle section. It is shown why a spontaneous "anticoagulant" hemorrhage must be regarded as the cuase of the gangrenous intestinal infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Perfusion and superfusion fixation effects on rat mesentery microvascular beds. Intravital and electron microscope analyses.

The effects of glutaraldehyde on dimensions and ultrastructure of microvascular beds in rat mesentery were studied in two kinds of experiment, administering the fixative by intra-arterial perfusion at a pressure of 80 mm Hg and by superfusion of the exteriorized mesenteric membrane. The microvascular segments were observed by means of intravital microscopy and recorded on videotape before, during, and after glutaraldehyde reached the microvascular segment being observed. Vascular outer diameters were measured at exactly the same points before and after fixation; in Epon embedded whole-mounts; and in sections analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy, confirming positively the various segments of the microvascular bed and yielding information concerning the preservation of cellular components. Both experiments confirmed that neither perfusion nor superfusion of glutaraldehyde changes the outer diameter of any segment of the microvascular bed compared to the dimensions 5-10 sec before the blood vessels are reached by the fixative. They remain unaltered also after embedding in epoxy resin. During superfusion, there is a 20-50 sec delay until the blood flow comes to a complete stop. This delay is assumed to give rise to the recorded small undulations of luminal endothelial cell membranes and slight buckling of the entire endothelial layer, probably due to a gradual fall in intravascular pressure. Occasionally, the ultrastructure of some endothelial cells is less well preserved after superfusion fixation. This study demonstrates that intraarterial perfusion of glutaraldehyde renders an instantaneous fixation of mesenteric microvessels, preserving the prefixation dimensions of the various segments and the ultrastructure of the cells. Superfusion of glutaraldehyde is slower in reaching the microvessels and may change slightly the appearance of the vascular wall, and cause some impairment of microvascular functions, such as increased postcapillary leukocyte margination and extravasation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Influence of thrombin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation on the arteriolar mechanics in the rat mesentery.

Microcirculatory disturbances in experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were analyzed. Fibrinolysis was inhibited by the intravenous injection of tranexamic acid (100 mg/kg) 15 minutes before thrombin infusion, and thrombin (200 IU/body) was infused for the following 60 minutes. After stopping the thrombin infusion, laparotomy was performed for the observation of the microcirculation in the mesentery. The internal diameter of arterioles (20-30 microns) was measured by the image-splitting method incorporated with a television monitor. The microcirculatory disturbances such as sludge and petechia appeared in the early period, and the arteriolar diameter increased gradually. The vasoconstrictive response to catecholamines was enhanced dose dependently. Experimental data suggest that dangerous disorders in the microcirculation might occur as a result of excessive treatment of DIC using catecholamines.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Intestinal obstruction in children with cystoid formations in the mesentery and omentum].

The work presents clinical characteristics of 14 children with cystoid formations of the mesenterium and omentum accompanied by the most frequent complication--intestinal obstruction which was observed in 14 children. The main cause of the mesenterial cysts was a torsion of the intestine with the cyst, that of the omentum damage was a compression of the intestinal loops. They should be treated surgically. Lethal outcomes did not follow.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Combined intravital microscopy and electron microscopy of the blind beginnings of the mesenteric lymphatic capillaries of the rat mesentery. A preliminary report.

The blind beginnings (so-called terminal lymphatics) of the mesenteric lymphatic capillaries have been studied in the rat mesentery by means of intravital microscopy and electron microscopy. Intraluminal objects were observed to move slowly downstream, probably carried by the movement of the lymphatic fluid. No simultaneous changes in capillary lumen could be observed, and the subsequent electron microscope analysis of the same lymphatic capillary demonstrated the absence of smooth muscle cells in the wall of the lymphatic vessel. Interendothelial gaps were present, allowing the uptake of interstitial fluid into the blind ending of the lymphatic capillary.

Animals↗