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Results for “Nerve Compression Syndromes”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Experimental study of pathophysiological changes for peripheral nerve after neurolysis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of regeneration and conduction function for peripheral nerve after neurolysis by nerve special staining and electrophysiology. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups(n = 15), four methods were designed on rats models of sciatic nerve compression. There were simple decompression as group A, internal neurolysis after decompression as group B, lemithason(0.5 mg/kg) injected in the epineurium after decompression as group C, and lemithason(0.5 mg/kg) injected around the epineurium after decompression and internal neurolysis as group D. Motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV) and motor latency (Lan) were monitored at 1,2,3,4,5 weeks after decompression, sections were regularly taken from the previously compressed area to perform morphometric analysis. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of decompression, the significant recovery were observed in both MNCV and Lan of four groups. Up to the 5th week of decompression, recovery of electrophysiology was significantly faster in group C and D than that of group A and B, particular in group C(P < 0.05), while group A compared with group B, there was no statistical difference in both MNCV and Lan(P > 0.05). Morphometric analysis showed that a lot of neural regeneration fibers were observed in group C and D after 3 weeks of decompression. CONCLUSION: Decompression can improve nerve conduction function significantly, while injection of lemithason in epineurium after decompression can promote the structure and function recovery of injured nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Compression neuropathy of the cubital nerve at the elbow].

Compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow has numerous known etiologies, and the anatomy of the ulnar nerve around the elbow leaves it vulnerable to compression at numerous sites. The compression may be extrinsic such as in occupational neuropathy or in cases of postanesthesia neuropathy. The so-called idiopathic compression may be favored by some anatomic variations. The cubital tunnel retinaculum may be loose, leading to ulnar nerve dislocation or subluxation or tight compression of the nerve during flexion of the elbow. Bulging of the synovium in the floor of the tunnel may be the cause of compression in rheumatoid arthritis, whereas osteophytes may be the cause in degenerative osteoarthritis. Cubitus valgus or instability due to a pseudarthrosis of the lateral epicondyle or to ligamentous injury may stretch the nerve. The choice of a surgical technique must be based on (i) the pathophysiology of chronic nerve compression at the elbow, (ii) an understanding of the etiology of the nerve compression in the particular patient's case, and (iii) the knowledge of the potential technical drawbacks of the various operative procedures. Simple decompression is the first choice in case of minimal compression without instability of the nerve. Decompression of the nerve with a medial epicondylectomy is indicated in case of instability of the nerve and is the first choice in case of pseudarthrosis or malunion of the medial epicondyle. Ulnar nerve transposition is technically the most demanding procedure. Inadequate surgical technique creates new sites of compression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Elbow↗
PubMed1992

Neurologic diseases in pregnancy.

Although most neurologic problems require conservative management, such as headaches and nerve compression syndromes, other demand aggressive treatment, such as plasmapheresis in Guillain-Barré syndrome and prompt surgery in those patients with hemorrhagic strokes secondary to a ruptured aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. Myasthenia gravis, discussed in the autoimmune disease section, and epilepsy are associated with congenital anomalies, whereas the progeny of patients with multiple sclerosis are at a much greater risk than the general population of contracting this disease. Therefore, knowledge of these risks is essential in providing quality preconceptional counseling. Pregnancy provides many physiologic changes that alter the course of preexisting neurologic conditions as well as increasing the risks and morbidity of other diseases. It is for this reason that a cooperative team effort, including the obstetrician, neurologist, and, if needed, the neurosurgeon, is essential for an optimal outcome.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Use of electroneuronography in monitoring facial nerve paralysis.

FNP is a disease entity seen in a variety of clinical settings. We recommend early ENoG evaluation of every total facial nerve paralysis to assess the percentage of degeneration. ENoG is an objective, permanent record with prognostic significance especially in 16% of those patients who are predicted to have a poor outcome without further intervention. In consultation with the patient a treatment plan can thus be proposed to optimize the opportunity for recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[A swelling in the knee cavity, not caused by a Baker's cyst but by a nerve sheath tumour].

In a woman, aged 30 years, who presented with a right popliteal mass, a Baker's cyst (popliteal cyst) was diagnosed. Five years later she developed symptoms that were attributed to compression of the peroneal nerve by the mass. Because of the troublesome nature of these symptoms, it was decided to excise the mass. Immediately after the operation, a complete loss offunction ofthe common peroneal nerve was apparent. Histopathologic examination revealed an ancient schwannoma (nerve sheath tumour). The most important reason for not having diagnosed the schwannoma was that it was not considered in the differential diagnosis of the popliteal mass. Although Baker's cysts are the most common popliteal masses, nerve sheath tumours should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Reconstructive surgery for permanent palsy of the median nerve.

Permanent palsies of the median nerve cause severe impairment of hand functions. This chapter reviews both the various surgical methods able to restore functions and complex mechanisms necessary for brain adaptation to the new functions of the cortical areas. Different methods of reconstructive surgery, according to both the severity of palsy and patients' needs, are presented. The contemporary restoration of sensory function of the paralysed digits is recommended, as sensation is a prerequisite for good motor function. The various mechanisms and methods useful to obtain good gliding and strength of the transferred tendons are stressed. Reconstructive surgery for permanent palsy of the median nerve can supply improved function, provided that all the recommendations for a meticulous balance of the number of functions to be restored and available motors to be transferred, as well as of their strength and course, are addressed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Objective retinal nerve fiber laser assessment by scanning laser polarimetry in patients with chiasmal compression].

PURPOSE: To assess the evaluation ability of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in patients with visual tracts' compression and to assess the correlation between visual field loss and changes in RNFL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Polarimetric RNFL analysis (scanning laser polarimeter- NFA/GDx, software version 1.0.16, LDT(inc)) and kinetic perimetry were done in 41 eyes with different types of optic chiasma compression and in 40 healthy eyes, age matched controls. RESULTS: In eyes with optic chiasma compression most of the GDx parameters were statistically different from the control group (P<0.05). In eyes with normal visual fields and with optic chiasma compression most of GDx parameters were statistically different from the other analyzed groups. CONCLUSIONS: GDx may be a helpful tool in diagnosis of optic chiasma diseases. GDx is a useful visual prognostic indicator in the preoperative assessment of optic chiasma compression. Objective RNFL assessment is especially important in patients with serious visual field loss and poor visual acuity.

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological↗
PubMed2006

Imaging of cauda equina edema in lumbar canal stenosis by using gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging: experimental constriction injury.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been reported that disturbance of blood flow arising from circumferential compression of the cauda equina by surrounding tissue plays a major role in the appearance of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) associated with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). We created a model of LSCS to clarify the mechanism of enhancement within the cauda equina on gadolinium-enhanced MR images from patients with LSCS. METHODS: In 20 dogs, a lumbar laminectomy was performed by applying circumferential constriction to the cauda equina by using a silicon tube, to produce 30% stenosis of the circumferential diameter of the dural tube. After 1 and 3 weeks, gadolinium and Evans blue albumin were injected intravenously at the same time. The sections were used to investigate the status of the blood-nerve barrier function under a fluorescence microscope and we compared gadolinium-enhanced MR images with Evans blue albumin distribution in the nerve. The other sections were used for light and transmission electron microscopic study. RESULTS: In this model, histologic examination showed congestion and dilation in many of the intraradicular veins, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration. The intraradicular edema caused by venous congestion and Wallerian degeneration can also occur at sites that are not subject to mechanical compression. Enhanced MR imaging showed enhancement of the cauda equina at the stenosed region, demonstrating the presence of edema. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging may be a useful tool for the diagnosis of microcirculatory disorders of the cauda equina associated with LSCS.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant fibrolipoma in the leg--a case report.

Lipomas are the most common benign tumors of the mesenchyme; they are composed of mature lipocytes. Benign fatty tumours can arise in any location in which fat is present. Most patients affected by such tumours are in their fifth or sixth decade of life. Only rarely are children affected. Lipomas may be single or multiple. Multiple lipomas are more common in women; many are seen in a familial setting. For a lipoma to be referred to as "giant", the lesion should be at least 10 cm in diameter or weigh a minimum of 1000 g. When very close to vital structures, giant lipomas may, on account of their excessive size, cause functional limitations, such as lymphedema, pain or nerve compression syndromes. Owing to the peculiarity of this condition and the difficulties encountered in its diagnosis and treatment, a case of a giant fibrolipoma in the leg is reported. A 48-year-old woman presented with an enlarging, soft, noduled mass on the right ankle and in the lower third of the right leg and heel; it was decided to remove the mass with all the overlying epidermis and to repair the resulting lesion first with fibroblast culture and subsequently with a meshed dermo-epidermal graft. One year after surgery, both the local and the general condition of the patient were good and there were no signs of recurrence.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Techniques of peripheral nerve repair.

At present, the principles of microsurgical reconstruction of the peripheral nerve incorporate a clear understanding of the pathophysiology of the peripheral nerve, accurate preoperative assessment of the lesion, aggressive early treatment to avoid irreversible atrophy of the end organ, use of nontraumatic microtechniques for optimal alignment of individual fascicular bundles, introduction of a minimum amount of foreign material at the suture line, resection of the scar-producing epineurium, total avoidance of tension at the suture line, and placement of the nerve repair in a well-vascularized soft tissue bed. If tension is eliminated, a minimal amount of suture material is required to repair the nerve ends, because the bundles are maintained in anatomical alignment by a fibrin clot. We have reviewed the various nerve repair methods, stressing that with strict attention to microsurgical technique, the surgeon can hope to maximize reinnervation. Although the importance of all aspects of careful surgical technique cannot be overemphasized, we believe that it is unlikely that improved clinical results will come from further refinements in microsurgical techniques. We are not limited by a working knowledge and understanding of the details of the neurobiology and the neurochemistry of nerve regeneration.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation and treatment of hand and wrist disorders in musicians.

Hand symptoms in musicians reflect a complex, multifactorial etiology. A multidisciplinary approach is required for proper evaluation and treatment. Good results can be achieved in most patients with localized inflammatory and overuse disorders or nerve compression syndromes. Motor control disorders and chronic pain syndromes are associated with poorer results. Early diagnosis appears to improve outcome.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed1989

[Possibilities and limitations of electromyography in peripheral nerve lesions].

Besides the clinical examination, electromyography is the most important method in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions. Together with the clinical findings it provides rather accurate information concerning the localisation, the severity and the type of a nerve lesion. However, one has to be aware of the limitations and the pitfalls of the method in order to prevent diagnostic errors. Besides a more general description of the diagnostic possibilities, the findings in traumatic nerve lesions and in entrapment neuropathies are discussed in more detail.

Electromyography↗