The validity of a personality inventory tested by hypnosis.
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Humans↗
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Results for “PERSONALITY TESTS”
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Three-dimensional recording of the human face with a 3D laser scanner.
Three-dimensional recording of the surface of the human body or of certain anatomical areas has gained an ever increasing importance in recent years. When recording living surfaces, such as the human face, not only has a varying degree of surface complexity to be accounted for, but also a variety of other factors, such as motion artefacts. It is of importance to establish standards for the recording procedure, which will optimise results and allow for better comparison and validation. In the study presented here, the faces of five male test persons were scanned in different experimental settings using non-contact 3D digitisers, type Minolta Vivid 910). Among others, the influence of the number of scanners used, the angle of recording, the head position of the test person, the impact of the examiner and of examination time on accuracy and precision of the virtual face models generated from the scanner data with specialised software were investigated. Computed data derived from the virtual models were compared to corresponding reference measurements carried out manually between defined landmarks on the test persons' faces. We describe experimental conditions that were of benefit in optimising the quality of scanner recording and the reliability of three-dimensional surface imaging. However, almost 50% of distances between landmarks derived from the virtual models deviated more than 2mm from the reference of manual measurements on the volunteers' faces.
Adult↗
[Prophylactic effectiveness of propolis for immunostimulation: a clinical pilot study].
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot investigation was to show the evidence of the prophylactic immunostimulating effectiveness caused by propolis. The immune response was determined by the measurement of the cytokine level in vivo and ex vivo (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8). STUDY DESIGN: In an open prospective monocentric study, test persons received Propolis XNP. PATIENTS: 10 healthy test persons aged between 18 and 45 years, with normal weight and of either sex. INTERVENTIONS: Probands received over 13 days 500 mg Propolis XNP (2 capsules) for peroral application in the morning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Significant changes of the investigated cytokine secretion capacity during and after the treatment of propolis compared to the situation without medication. RESULTS: Although the cytokine plasma levels did not significantly change during the study, propolis led to a significant increase of both the spontaneous (TNF-alpha, p < 0. 05; IL-6, p < 0.01; IL-8, p < 0.02; IL-1beta, not detectable) and LPS(lipopolysaccaride)-induced (TNF-alpha, p < 0.001; IL-6, p < 0. 02; IL-8, p < 0.0005; IL-1beta, p < 0.05) cytokine secretion capacity following short-term ex vivo culture of peripheral blood leukocytes. Whereas the IL-6 secretion capacity further increased during the 13-day application, the IL-8 and TNF-alpha secretion reached a plateau after day 4 and the TNF-alpha secretion even decreased, but the level at day 13 was still significantly higher than at day 0. CONCLUSION: As the cytokine secretion capacity but not the cytokine plasma levels increased significantly during therapy, the prophylactic application of propolis led to a time dependent enhanced immune reactivity without undesired side effects.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[Features of the atropine test in persons of different ages].
The diagnostic value of the atropine test was investigated in 47 essentially healthy men of different age groups (25-39, 40-49 and 50-59 years). The cardiovascular responses were evaluated from ECG recorded continuously for an hour after subcutaneous injection of 1.0-0.1% atropine sulphate. Atropine caused a two-stage effect of the cardiac chronotropic function. The first, bradycarditic, stage was induced by vagal stimulation while the second, tachycarditic, stage was, by contrast, produced by atropine blockade of the acetylcholine effect on M-cholinoreceptors of myocardial cells. The atropine effect was identical in sign in all age groups. However, in the young age group the bradycarditic effect was more distinct and atropine-induced arrhythmias were more frequent. In the 50-59 years subjects the tachycarditic effect grew at a slower rate and the electric systole response to a higher heart rate was less pronounced.
Adult↗
[The objective gradation of stenosing coronary artery processes by means of the quantification of pathologic-anatomical data and their relations. 2. Development and presentation of the model].
In order to objectify the judgement of the coronary arteriosclerosis the influence values position x obstruction on the left side and on the right side as well as the mass of the heart are mathematically valued with the aim to achieve a good separation between the infarction group and the control group and an insignificant false coordination of test persons. The optimation carried out for this purpose must be brought into accordance by means of technically ascertained recognitions and necessary practicability concerning valuations which are to be proposed. According to the results obtained on 174 test persons an obstruction on the right side below 50% has a higher importance than on the left side. In the positions of the obstruction the proximal as well as the medium third of the right coronary arteries a higher valuation must be ascribed. Compared with this the trunk of the left coronary artery has a significance corresponding possibly to the proximal third of this vessel. A more insignificant importance than hitherto taken into consideration belongs to the medium third of the left coronary artery. The valuations proposed lead to a highly significant improvement of the separation ability in contrast to the comparable valuations. The false coordination of the test persons at the same time decreases to 11 in the group with infarctions and to 2 in the control group. This equals 10.1 or 4.5%, respectively. In the present number of patients the barriers of the ostium and the type of supply have no statistically ascertained influence on the separation ability.
Angiocardiography↗
[Some notes on psychopathological origins of maladjustment of young conscripts in national service: a methodological contribution in the diagnosis of personality disorders].
The authors analyse the phenomenon of maladjustment of young conscripts during national service and give a substantial methodological contribution to personality disorders diagnostic field. Working hypothesis is that personality disorders, suspected on the basis of anomalies of behaviour and of social interaction, defined through an appropriate clinical and phenomenological examination, may be confirmed and specified making use of personality tests. The authors examine 2 groups of young male subjects, both composed of 15 members, easily comparable and homogeneous with reference to sex, age, provenance, social class, standard of education, equally exposed to the same exacting or stressing social situation (national service). Research work is composed of 2 phases: 1. Out-patient observation (in the Psychiatric Clinic of Bari University), joined to exact diagnosis and to separation of the 15 maladjusted subjects of I group afflicted with structured personality disorders, from the 15 members of II group, considered sane. 2. Administration of personality tests--projective test ORT and autodescriptive test MMPI--to the components of both groups. The results of psychodiagnostic investigation confirm clinical diagnosis of personality disorders in the members of I group. It is easily comprehensible that psychodiagnostic personality tests may be largely used to realize effective work of specific primary prevention.
Adult↗
Comparison between three-dimensional presentation of endoscopic procedures with polarization glasses and an autostereoscopic display.
BACKGROUND: Most endoscopic procedures are done with a two-dimensional (2D) view or a spatial presentation with polarization glasses. A new method of presenting three-dimensional (3D) spatial views is the autostereocopic display. We compared the performances of untrained test persons using these methods. METHODS: We designed three tests that had to be performed with one of the presentations. We used a Karl Storz 3D set with a 0 degrees stereooptic and a grasper. The autostereoscopic display was the Dresden 3D display. The 59 test persons were students who had never before worked with endoscopic devices. RESULTS: There were few differences between the tests, and none were statistically significant. The results with 2D were slightly better than those with polarization glasses, and the results with polarization glasses were slightly better than those with the autostereoscopic display. CONCLUSIONS: There are few differences between the procedures. A true spatial view is limited by the similarity of the two half-pictures.
Depth Perception↗
[Lipid chemical parameters and incidence of genetically determined hyperlipoproteinemias in patients between 20 and 45 years of age with coronary heart disease].
In 35 patients at the age between 20 and 45 years with a manifest coronary heart disease various lipid-chemical parameters were established and compared with a control group of the same age of laboratory-chemically and clinically inconspicuous test persons as well as with a group of patients with infarction older than 45 years. For HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol as well as LDL significant differences of the mean value were the result in the group of juvenile patients with a coronary heart disease and in the healthy control group as well as the group of older test persons with infarction, which confirm the accumulation of lipid-chemical risk constellations in "juvenile" patient with a coronary heart disease. Moreover, the proportion of primary hyperlipoproteinaemias is essentially greater in these patients than in older test persons with infarction. Apart from the recognition of primary hypercholesterolaemias the diagnostics of autosomally combined hyperlipoproteinaemias is of particular importance.
Adult↗
Psychological stress and its personality correlates. II. The Rorschach test and other personality measures.
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Humans↗
[Cardiac x-ray findings and vascular calcification in arterial obstructive disease in the pelvic and leg region. II].
In 117 patients with arterial obstructive disease in the region of pelvis and leg compared with test persons with healthy vessels the percentage of the deformation of the heart according to the classification after Richter was significantly higher for the left-side prevailing bilaterally loaded heart as well as for the left-ventricularly loaded heart. No differences could be ascertained between hypertonic and normotonic patients with ill vessels. In the patients compared with the clinically healthy test persons we registered surface-kymographically and electrokymographically more frequently a pathological marginal movement of the heart as a reference to a myocardial dysfunction. The distinct pathological surface-kymographical and electrokymographical findings on the heart correlated with the electrocardiographical findings. The data got on the heart confirmed the indication of a cardial basal therapy existing in most cases in older patients with vascular diseases. The slight diameter of the thoracic aorta as well as the restriction of the surface-kymographically provable amplitude of the movement in the region of the arc may, compared with the test persons with healthy vessels, refer to a disturbed wind kessel function of the aorta, they let us think of a primary rigidity of the wall. On the basis of the present results of examinations the sum of simply to be established X-ray findings--form of the heart, measure of the aorta, state of sclerosis, surface-kymographical findings at the heart and the aorta--may characterize an advanced vascular disease.
Angiography↗
Neuropsychological findings with pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
It has been reported that the disease pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is associated with a high incidence of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms, which are possibly due to cerebrovascular ischemia. These reports are based mainly upon clinical observations made without reference to control group data. We have compared the results of 27 PXE patients with results of a control group on a battery of objective neuropsychological and personality tests. The PXE group showed only very mild deficits on extensive neuropsychological testing, a finding which argues against any marked involvement of cerebral vessels in these patients. Similarly, the personality test results did not reveal significant psychiatric disturbances which could be attributed to PXE. Possible reasons for the descrepancy with previous reports include the subjective data and much older PXE patients on which those reports are based. The need for systematic neuropsychological research with older PXE patients and control groups is suggested.
Adult↗
[Hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia in the insulin hypoglycemia test].
In 17 children the insulin-hypoglycaemia-test was performed for the diagnostics of the hypophyseal growth hormone reserve and secretion. In the course of the insulin-hypoglycaemia test in 47% of the test persons hypomagnesaemias lower than 0.65 mmol/l and in all test persons hypopotassaemias lower than 4 mmol/l were measured. Besides hypoglycaemia and adrenergic contraregulation hypomagnesaemias and hypopotassaemias during the insulin-hypoglycaemia-test must be regarded as causal factors for cardiac risks and neuro-vegetative side-effects in the insulin-hypoglycaemia-test.
Adolescent↗
[Characteristics of the reactions to active orthostatic and water loading tests in persons with varying resistance to +Gz loads].
Thirty-seven healthy male test subjects, aged 19-21, with different +Gz acceleration tolerance were examined. Their blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during 5-min tilt tests and 2% water loading tests were measured 2-3 weeks prior to centrifugation. Quantitative evaluation of orthostatic tolerance using an orthostatic index and BP and HR responses to tilt tests before and after water loading revealed specific features of cardiovascular regulation in the subjects with high and low +Gz acceleration tolerance. The negative predictive indicators include: decreased BP, HR and cardiac index in the supine position in combination with high orthostatic tolerance, as well as decreased orthostatic tolerance in combination with a lower function of vasoconstrictor mechanisms in the upright position and a lower sensitivity of carotid sinus reflexes to blood volume changes during tilt and water loading tests. When examining test subjects with high +Gz tolerance, preference should be given to those who can well tolerate tilt tests and show moderately high BP and HR in the supine position, as well as to those who exhibit a noticeable increment of diastolic BP during 5-min tilt tests.
Adult↗
[5-year controlled therapy study on the prevention of diabetic angiopathy with the platelet-function inhibitor acetylsalicylic acid].
In a 5-year prospective double blind study on 120 diabetics at the age from 30 to 59 years the influence of 1.5 (1.0) g acetyl salicylic acid on the progression of the macro- and microangiopathy compared to a placebo was investigated. With regard to the total mortality, the cardiovascular death rate and the incidence of myocardial infarction, apoplectic insult and gangrene no advantages were the results for the group of intervention. Also the 74 test persons of the acetyl salicyl acid group and 88 test persons of the control group who remained after subtraction of all deceased and dismissed patients in the semiquantitative judgment of the progression of macroangiopathy (ischaemic heart disease, chronic venous insufficiency, arterial occlusive disease, vascular calcification) and in the development of retinopathy no significant differences in the sense of the effect of acetyl salicyl acid expected could be recognized. After the discussion of possible sources of error the result of the investigation is regarded as so reliable that one must dissuade from a primary prevention of the diabetic angiopathy by a middle-term application of acetyl salicyl acid in usual dosage.
Adult↗
[Hemodynamic reactions to modified orthostatic test in persons with different +Gz tolerance].
Hemodynamic responses to the passive and modified orthostatic tests were investigated in 27 low and 13 high +Gz susceptibility individuals. The modified orthostatic test included 5 min head-down tilt (-30 degrees) and head-up tilt (78 degrees) with occlusion cuffs (50 mm Hg and 100 mm Hg) applied to the upper third of the hip. Analysis of typological reactions in low and high +Gz susceptibility individuals revealed no significant differences in their tolerance to the above tests. It was found that during the 1st minute of the modified orthostatic test with 100 mm Hg pressure in the occlusion cuffs heart rate was lower and systolic blood volume was higher (p less than 0.05) than during the passive test. Differences in these parameters disappeared by the 10th minute of exposure. During the modified orthostatic test with 50 mm Hg pressure in the occlusion cuffs these parameters did not show statistically significant differences.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
[Simplification of periodic audiometric tests in persons exposed to industrial noise. An operative proposal].
Today the pure tonal audiometric test is the most used in periodical screening of the "hypoacusis" hazard in exposed patients because of its easy performance. The high number of patients to be tested and the screening frequency suggested to simplify the annual checks by testing only some of the frequency to be tested is made on the basis of the first complete audiogram performed according to a scheduled scheme. Available screening data and testing on the field show that a consistent reduction in testing time is possible and that the complete exam is reliable.
Audiometry↗
Age disorientation in chronic schizophrenia is associated with global intellectual impairment.
From a population of long-stay patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the St Louis criteria, a group of 21 patients with 'age disorientation' was selected, and compared on a series of tests of intellect and learning capacity with a matched control group of 21 schizophrenic patients without this feature. The age-disorientated patients demonstrated substantial impairments on tests of orientation and general knowledge, associational learning, the 'famous personality' test, tests of vocabulary and aphasia, Raven's matrices, the digit-symbol substitution test and the mental test score. We conclude that profound 'organic-type' psychological deficits (global impairment of intellectual function associated with temporal disorientation) undoubtedly occur in chronic schizophrenia. The findings on the 'famous personality' test and the Peabody vocabulary test did not exclude the possibility that such impairment arises early in life, at a time preceding the onset of the illness which leads to hospital admission.
Chronic Disease↗
Frequency of platelet-specific antigens among Chinese in Taiwan.
The frequencies of six platelet-specific antigens among Chinese in Taiwan are reported, which have not previously been well studied. HPA-1a (PlA1) antigen was positive in all 1100 Chinese tested. HPA-4b (Yukb) antigen was positive in all 100 persons tested. HPA-2b (Ko(a), Sib(a)) antigen was positive in 9 percent of 100 persons tested, HPA-3a (Bak(a)) in 77 percent, and NAKa in 96 percent. HPA-4a (Yuk(a)) antigen occurred in 0 percent in this study but is estimated to be present in 0.5 percent of the Taiwanese population.
Antigens, Human Platelet↗