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Results for “PITUITARY GLAND IRRADIATION”

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Selenium content and distribution in rat tissues irradiated with gamma rays.

The effects of supplementation with selenous yeast and ionizing radiation on selenium (Se) content and distribution were evaluated in rat tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, muscle, blood, front brain, hind brain, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands, testes, and hair). This study had 16 Se-supplemented (0.5 micrograms Se/d) and 16 placebo adult male Wistar rats. One half of the animals (eight Se-supplemented and eight placebos) were irradiated with a single dose of 4.2 Gy from a Co-60 source and sacrificed 7 d after irradiation along with nonirradiated animals and analyzed for Se content determination. The data obtained showed that selenous yeast supplementation increased Se levels in rat tissues (highest increases in hypothalamus, 161%; hind brain, 126%; spleen, 110%; and adrenal gland, 105%). Ionizing radiation induced significant changes in Se content and distribution (decrease in liver, blood, hair, femoral muscle, spleen, and hypothalamus; increase in kidney, testes, adrenal glands, and brain of placebo group). Supplementation with selenous yeast reduces changes in Se content and distribution after irradiation. It seems that the animal tissue susceptibility to oxidative damage may be correlated to their ability to retain Se in tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bromocriptine treatment of female infertility: report of 13 pregnancies.

Thirteen pregnancies occurred in 12 women who were treated with bromocriptine for infertility. Pretreatment prolactin levels were recorded in 11 patients and were normal in three. Five patients had suspected pituitary tumours, and they received irradiation to prevent swelling of the pituitary and the consequent visual field defects caused by the pressure of the swollen gland on the optic nerve. Ten of the 13 pregnancies have come to term, and all the babies were normal. When a patient with a pituitary tumour developed a visual field defect in the 38th week of pregnancy labour was induced and the defect disappeared after delivery. No multiple pregnancies occurred and there were no major complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Head and neck radiation carcinogenesis: epidemiologic evidence.

This article provides an overview of the long-term carcinogenic effects of medical radiation exposure to the head and neck and focuses on studies that allow risk quantification. The thyroid gland in children is extremely sensitive to the tumorigenic effects of external radiation for many years after exposure. Risk of thyroid cancer decreases with increasing age at exposure, with little risk, if any, apparent among persons exposed as adults. Large risks of neural tumors have been reported after moderate- and high-dose radiotherapy in childhood; however, the magnitude of the risk at low doses and for adult exposures is unclear. Data on salivary gland tumors are limited but tend to support an association with radiation exposure. In contrast, the pituitary gland appears to be relatively resistant to the tumorigenic effects of radiation. Several cohort studies have reported an increased risk of hyperparathyroidism among irradiated populations. In summary, radiation exposure to the head and neck can result in tumors of the thyroid, salivary, and parathyroid glands, as well as the brain and central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A population of interstitial cells in the anterior pituitary with a hematopoietic origin and a rapid turnover: a relationship with folliculo-stellate cells?

The non-hormone secreting folliculo-stellate (FS) cells in the anterior pituitary (AP) appear heterogeneous. Some of these cells have been described as having a neuroectodermal origin and being glial, while some others have been suggested to be monocytic or dendritic cells (DC). We have analyzed here the hematopoietic origin of interstitial cell populations in the AP. In the rat AP, the relative densities of S100+ FS cells and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-expressing DC-like cells show a parallel increase in the postnatal period between the age of 3 weeks to 2 months. We first looked for the presence of donor derived cells in the AP of lethally irradiated bone marrow (BM)-transplanted rats. Donor derived myeloid cells carrying the n haplotype of the MHC class I antigen (RT1.An) reacting with the OX27 moAb, could not be detected in the AP three months after transplantation. It appeared, however, that OX27+ DC-like cells a-priori were virtually absent from the rat AP. Therefore this transplantation model was not suitable for our studies. We then turned to a model of transgenic mice expressing a suicide gene in subpopulations of dendritic cells. Mice were lethally irradiated and received a BM transplant from the transgenic animals, with or without a treatment with ganciclovir (GCV) that specifically kills the dividing cells expressing the suicide gene. This model has already been used to identify and delete mainly dendritic cell populations, viz N418+ and ER-BMDM1+ dendritic cells in the marginal zones of the spleen and in the thymic medulla. We observed in the AP a 30% reduction of the ER-BMDM1+ FS-like cells and a 50-100% reduction of interstitial cells expressing the F4/80, Mac-1 and MOMA-1 markers in the mice receiving the transgenic BM and treated with GCV, compared to control mice that were not treated with GCV or that received non-transgenic BM. When a treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was initiated during the GCV treatment, we observed an even stronger reduction of the above-mentioned interstitial cell populations. These data indicate that in the mouse AP a population of stellate cells exists with a hematopoietic origin, that expresses markers of myeloid cells, and that has a rapid turnover.

Animals↗