Setting the standards for sedation practice--the evaluation program.
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Anesthesia, Dental↗
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Results for “Program Evaluation”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Methadone treatment: program evaluation and dose response relationships.
Data from a heterogeneous group of 155 clients in a Methadone Treatment Program were analyzed for (A) number of possible methadone administrations since S joined the program, (B) actual number of methadone administrations received, (C) spottiness (A-B), and (D) presence of illicit drugs in urine analysis reports. Data were evaluated for three separate time spans which corresponded with three programmatic changes. Results indicate that initially high blockading doses of methadone are effective in reducing illicit drug use, but as length of time in program increases, the efficacy of low doses of methadone in reducing illicit drug use increases. At least one programmatic change, a more stringent selection procedure, was demonstrated to be highly successful in reducing illicit drug use.
Adolescent↗
An image analysis and statistical evaluation program for the assessment of tumour cell invasion in vitro.
Tumour cell invasion is a complex process, which is essential for the formation of metastasis and is therefore of critical clinical importance. For detailed investigations of the invasive process, quantifiable in vitro models of invasion are necessary. In this study we describe an image analysis procedure and a statistical program which facilitate an objective analysis of experiments carried out using the embryonic chick heart invasion model of Mareel. Tumour multicellular spheroids are confronted with embryonic chick heart fragments in culture and are sampled after different time intervals for up to 7 days. Immunohistological sections are then evaluated by an image analysis procedure which provides 9 parameters indicating invasion, proliferation and destruction taking place in the confrontation cultures. The data obtained by image analysis are further evaluated by a statistical program which describes the change with time of each parameter by means of linear regression analysis. Thus the data obtained at various time intervals serve as the source data for a single statistic, namely the slope of the regression line. Confidence intervals and statistical differences between various experiments can be calculated. In order to make the procedure more comprehensible in biological terms, the program provides a full text interpretation of the experimental results. The image analysis procedure in conjunction with statistical evaluation and text interpretation provides a comprehensive tool for the quantitative assessment of experimental invasion in vitro.
Animals↗
Simple example illustrating adjustment for merit of mates in a national cattle evaluation program.
One of the requirements for an effective progeny test is that each sire being evaluated should be mated to a random sample of females; however, random mating is seldom practiced by purebred beef cattle producers. A simple example involving 18 individuals (14 parents and 4 nonparents) was developed to help students enrolled in a junior-level animal breeding course comprehend how current genetic evaluation methodology, used on an industrywide basis, accounts for nonrandom mating by purebred beef cattle breeders for a maternally influenced trait such as calf weaning weight. With this example, students are able to visualize, algebraically, how a sire's direct and maternal genetic values for weaning weight are adjusted for merit of mates, permitting sires to be compared regardless of mating criteria used by purebred beef cattle producers.
Animals↗
Serving people who are dually diagnosed: a program evaluation.
The progress of a group of clients during their first year in a special program for persons who are both mentally retarded and psychiatrically impaired was described. The clients increased their level of independence and decreased their frequency of problem behaviors. However, they still faced significant obstacles to further growth, particularly the need to develop residential alternatives and community supports. The salience of these same issues for all individuals with dual diagnoses was discussed.
Activities of Daily Living↗
United States Department of Veterans Affairs Chiropractic Services Pilot Program evaluation study SDR #86-09: a critique.
The following critique of the Chiropractic Services Pilot Program (SDR #86-09) focuses on two major issues: the terms of reference established for the study and the research constraints that arose from either the terms of reference or their interpretation; the technical design and execution of the research. The review suggests that the constraints invalidated the study and ensured that no comparisons are possible between chiropractic and medical care for VA patients based on these results. The constraints resulted in the use of a nonexperimental design, distinct samples being chosen and nonequivalent care settings being compared. The critique also reveals that in each of the design steps (eligibility criteria, sampling, protocols, data collection, analysis, interpretations) there were serious methodological flaws. These ensured that the two populations being compared (chiropractic patients versus medical patients) were in fact noncomparable. In terms of the economic cost comparisons, the design guaranteed the comparison was unfair, pitting a private, fee-for-service chiropractic practice against a not-for-profit, managed-care, federally regulated and budgeted institution. Furthermore, the allocation of costs to the two groups was done inaccurately. The critique concludes that the results are not valid, they cannot be used for generalizing, they cannot be used for statistical analysis and they should not be used to establish policy. The research design and the methodological flaws meant that the objectives of the study could not be met.
Chiropractic↗
Formulating therapeutic objectives as a prelude to program evaluation.
The author emphasizes the need for more precise formulation of goals for mental health treatment programs. He describes the Veterans Administration's five-year effort at goal formulation using ideas borrowed from operations research and education. With goals from various VA programs as examples, he illustrates how goal statements can be written with more specificity. He also describes how matching rating-scale items can be developed to measure the degree to which each goal is being met.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Pharmacy participation in a drug product evaluation program.
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Biopharmaceutics↗
An evaluation program for powered wheelchair control systems.
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Electronics↗
Community support programs: program evaluation and public policy.
The plight of chronic psychiatric patients in the community has led to a major federal effort to resolve fragmented and disorganized care. The Community Support Programs (CSPs) recently funded by NIMH offer the promise of reducing these difficulties by creating comprehensive human service systems at the local and state levels. However, the author points out that these demonstration projects should be evaluated lest they continue to operate on the basis of rhetoric rather than fact. He presents an evaluation framework whereby indexes pertinent to each program goal of the CSPs can be measured and the resulting data used for public policy purposes.
Community Mental Health Services↗
The impact of a psychosocial support program on survival with breast cancer: the importance of selection bias in program evaluation.
A retrospective follow-up study was conducted to assess the impact of a psychosocial support program on survival with breast cancer. One-hundred and two nonparticipants were individually matched to 34 participants on several prognostic factors, and both groups were followed from date of cancer diagnosis (1971-1980) until December, 1981. Preliminary findings suggest a strong beneficial effect of the program on survival, which is statistically significant. However, this observed effect is due largely to a selection bias caused by the failure to match on the duration of the lag period between cancer diagnosis and program entry. Correcting for this bias in the analysis results in a small, nonsignificant program effect. We are not able to rule out a possible effect, however, because of the relative lack of statistical power and because of a modest, though nonsignificant benefit observed for women who entered the program shortly after diagnosis. Furthermore, the program might have other beneficial effects on the quality of life.
Adult↗
A comparison of Canadian and American guidelines for lipid management using data from the National Cholesterol Education Program Evaluation ProjecT Utilizing Novel E-technology (NEPTUNE) II survey.
BACKGROUND: The United States' National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III and the Canadian Working Group on Hypercholesterolemia and Other Dyslipidemias (CWG) have each issued guidelines for the treatment of dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVE: The present analysis compared the percentage of patients reaching target lipid levels according to NCEP and CWG guidelines among participants of the NCEP Evaluation ProjecT Utilizing Novel E-technology (NEPTUNE) II, a survey performed in the United States. METHODS: American physicians who were high prescribers of lipid-modifying medications (n=376) each enrolled 10 to 20 consecutive patients from February to September 2003. Medical information, laboratory measurements and treatment plans associated with a single office visit were entered into a personal digital assistant and uploaded to a central database via the Internet. RESULTS: Under both sets of guidelines, treatment success was strongly related to risk category (P<0.001). Treatment goal achievement in the low-risk (zero or one risk factor) and moderate-risk (two or more risk factors) categories was not substantially different between NCEP and CWG guidelines; however, in the high-risk category (coronary artery disease [CAD] and risk equivalents [RE]), CWG treatment goals were met less frequently than NCEP goals. NCEP combined low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment goals were met by 39% of hypertriglyceridemic patients (27% in the CAD + CAD RE category). CWG combined low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio treatment goals were met by 38% of hypertriglyceridemic patients (19% in the CAD + CAD RE category). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate substantial underachievement of treatment goals by patients at high risk under both the CWG and NCEP guidelines. The lower frequency of treatment success in high-risk patients according to the CWG definition indicates that more aggressive treatment is needed to reach CWG goals.
Anticholesteremic Agents↗
Evaluation programmed learning materials.
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Adult↗
Smokeless tobacco and smoking cessation: a program evaluation.
During the 1998 mid-winter Board of Directors meeting in Tampa, Florida, the leaders of the Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Nurses (SOHN) discussed the vision and mission of SOHN. Part of the vision that emerged was a long-overdue educational program on smoking cessation. SOHN members wanted a self-contained program to use in their clinical practice or in the community that was simple, easy, and comprehensive. In response to this request, a program was developed and presented at the 1999 SOHN Spring Seminar and repeated at the 1999 SOHN Annual Congress. Program participants increased their knowledge on the subject and expressed positive attitudes about utilizing their knowledge as assessed by two novel evaluation tools. This paper discusses the process of tool development and use as well as the detailed responses of the participants. Directions for future training programs and strategies for increasing implementation of smoking cessation programs in otorhinolaryngology (ORL) nursing practice are also discussed.
Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
Who volunteers for a breast self-examination program? Evaluating the bases for self-selection.
Interest in a free breast self-examination (BSE) teaching program offered to a patient population (n = 1590) was assessed, and a follow-up survey of refusers undertaken to determine difference between participants and refusers. Fifty-one percent of the known, eligible women patients expressed interest in the program and 24% ultimately had the teaching. Participants differed from refusers most notably in terms of less previous experience with BSE, more family history of cancer, a longer relationship with their physicians, and different health beliefs. They state more confidence in the effectiveness of breast cancer detection and treatment, less fear and embarrassment, and more personal and physician responsibility for health outcomes, as measured by the Health Locus of Control Scales. Self-selection thus seems rationally based on the kind of program and the needs of the women. Such self-selection can be cost-effective in delivering health education to the people most in need of it and most likely to benefit from it.
Adolescent↗
Undergraduate allied health leadership development: a program evaluation and follow-up study.
The present study reports the 15-year experience of an undergraduate program in preparing allied health professionals for educational leadership positions. Seventy-three professionals completed the BS degree as of August 1986. A substantial percentage of the graduates were attracted to faculty positions in institutions of higher education; 34% had achieved positions of department chair or the equivalent. Over 50% had completed some form of graduate study. The diversified settings and job titles reported indicate that the curriculum possesses validity for a variety of health care educational and administrative positions. Overall, this undergraduate program appears to contribute to the development of leadership personnel in allied health, particularly for those professions that provide entry-level health credentials at the level of associate degree or the equivalent.
Allied Health Personnel↗
Program evaluation of physical medicine and rehabilitation departments using self-report Barthel.
The Barthel Index measures performance of personal care (feeding, dressing, hygiene) and mobility (transferring, walking/wheeling) activities. Since its inception, several revisions of this index have increased its accuracy in measuring functional ability of patients during medical rehabilitation. However, this activities of daily living (ADL) scale is rarely used to determine the abilities of individuals after discharge, leaving assessment of functional outcome incomplete. In this study this index has been converted to a self-report format, which can be completed easily by the patient or family member both during the rehabilitation stay and after discharge. The reliability of the self-report version is examined, by comparing the assessments of patients to those made by the health professionals. A sample of persons at an inpatient rehabilitation facility, who could both read and write, completed the self-report during the week before discharge. Results comparing the assessment of professionals and patients showed a statistically significant difference with p less than 0.001. This paper will suggest reasons for the difference and explore the possibility of using this self-report version as a means to evaluate both the short-and long-term outcomes of rehabilitation programs.
Activities of Daily Living↗
[Program evaluation and review technique and medicine (author's transl)].
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Evaluation Studies as Topic↗