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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Modulation of proteoglycan composition in cultured anatomically intact joint cartilage by cyclic loads of various magnitudes.

The anatomically intact articular cartilage (area approximately 2.5 cm2) of 6-month-old bovine sesamoid bones was cyclically (0.3 Hz) loaded with 0, 5, 25 and 50 kg in vitro for 7 days. The amount and composition of the proteoglycans that were synthesized during the last 17 hours of incubation under each regime were studied. Loads of all magnitudes produced a 45% overall increase in synthesis, which included a disproportionate increase in the synthesis of small proteoglycans. Loading with either 25 or 50 kg induced the synthesis of much larger glycosaminoglycan side-chains and a species of small proteoglycan rich in keratan sulfate. Under these greater loads, synthesis in the deep layer of the cartilage was reduced and there was focal damage to the cartilage surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Follow-up studies of resections of claws in cattle].

Between 1980 and 1991 205 partial resections on claws of cattle have been performed at our clinic, 111 of these cases could be included in a retrospective study. In 57.5% of these cases parts of the third phalange had to be resected (group 1), in 14.2% parts of the third phalange and the deep flexor tendon had to be removed (group 2); in 28.3% also the distal sesamoid bone and/or other structures were affected (group 3). The average duration of treatment (mean +/- s) was 6.9 +/- 4.5 weeks for group 1, 6.5 +/- 1.9 weeks and 9.3 +/- 3.9 weeks for group 2 and 3, respectively. There was a highly significant difference between the means of group 1 and 3 and a significant difference between group 2 and 3. Of 103 animals which were provided for pasturing 44.7% could meet this requirement not at all or only with limitations. This was true for 66.7% of animals of group 2 and 58.2% of animals of group 3. 84.5% of 84 animals, which could be evaluated in this respect, the normal milk production was regained after treatment. At the time the retrospective study was performed, 13 of the animals still were alive. The average survival time (mean +/- s) after surgical treatment of 74 animals, for which the date of slaughter was available, was 22.0 +/- 21.8 months. Recurring lameness from the treated or another leg was the reason for salvaging in 39.2% of the animals. A comparison with results of an earlier retrospective study of our clinic, dealing with cattle after amputation to the toe revealed that with the exception of cases with a well deliminated zone of necrosis in the third phalange for economical reasons the toe amputation should be performed rather than a partial resection. For cases, where slaughter would be the only alternative to the resection, this method can well be recommended.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of anatomic communications of the fetlock in cattle, using intra-articular latex injection and positive-contrast arthrography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and sites of communication between the lateral and medial synovial sacs of the metatarsophalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints in cattle. ANIMALS: 188 limbs were obtained from 55 fresh bovine cadavers submitted for necropsy because of problems unrelated to the fetlocks. PROCEDURE: In each ox, lateral or medial synovial sacs of each fetlock were randomly assigned. Joints were injected with a mixture of latex and barium sulfate. Communication between 2 joints was determined by presence of latex and contrast material in a joint adjacent to the injected joint by examining frozen sections and use of positive-contrast arthrography. RESULTS: Communication between the 2 synovial sacs existed in 186 of 188 (98.9%) specimens. The communication site between lateral and medial synovial sacs was located at the level of the proximal sesamoid bones, between the distal aspect of the interdigital band of the axial branch of the interosseus muscle and the metacarpal or metatarsal bone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although communication between the lateral and medial synovial sacs did not exist in 2 specimens, the fetlock in cattle can be treated as 1 compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Musculature of the pelvic limb of the American weasel (Mustela nigripes, Audubon and Bachman)].

The origins and insertions of the muscles of the pelvic limb of the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) are illustrated and described. The results based on the dissection of two adult specimens are compared with those of other investigations on the myology of the Mustelids. The musculature of the pelvic limb of Mustela nigripes is substantially similar to that of other Mustelids investigated except for slight differences of individual muscles. The most obvious differences involve the tendons of the mm. fibularis longus, fibularis brevis and extensor digitalis lateralis. The tendon of the m. fibularis longus contains a small sesamoid bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Autogenous bone grafting of hallux sesamoid nonunions.

We first performed autogenous bone grafting for lesions of the hallux sesamoid in 1984. During the next 9 years, 21 patients (11 men and 10 women with an average age of 34 and 32 years, respectively) underwent this surgical procedure for symptomatic tibial hallux sesamoid non-unions. Successful bony union was achieved in all but two patients. The majority of patients obtained concomitant relief of preoperative symptomatology and returned to their preinjury level of activity. We believe that this procedure serves as an alternative to hallux sesamoid excision in selected cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arthroscopic approach and intra-articular anatomy of the palmaroproximal or plantaroproximal aspect of distal interphalangeal joints.

An arthroscopic approach to the palmaroproximal or plantaroproximal pouch of the distal interphalangeal joint was developed in six cadaver limbs and seven limbs of three clinically normal horses. The dorsal aspect of the proximal border and the proximal articular margin of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone, the palmar aspect of the distal articular margin of the middle phalanx, the collateral sesamoidean ligaments of the distal sesamoid bone, and the joint capsule attachments were readily accessible. Distending the joints with fluid gave access to portions of the articular surface between the distal sesamoid bone and the middle phalanx in all joints, and to a small portion of the distal phalanx in two hind distal interphalangeal joints. Two horses allowed to recover from anesthesia were not lame on days 30 and 37, respectively. Problems encountered initially were difficulty entering the joint, hemarthrosis, and minimal iatrogenic cartilage damage.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Isolated intraosseous gout in hallux sesamoid mimicking a bone tumor in a teenaged patient.

We are reporting an unusual case of isolated intraosseous tophus in medial hallux sesamoid presenting as tumor-like lesion in a teenage patient without prior history of gouty attack and underlying systemic disorders. The lesion manifested isointensity to surrounding muscles with internal low signal on spin echo (SE) T1-weighted images, and heterogeneous low signal intensity on fast spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted images. Computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed expansion and diffusely increased attenuation of the medial hallux sesamoid with focal cortical erosion and extraosseous extension of high attenuation content. The subsequent resection and pathology revealed intraosseous tophus deposition, which is particularly rare at this site and at this age. Imaging studies revealed some characteristic imaging features which can retrospectively be attributed to gouty tophus. When an expansile osteolytic lesion manifesting low signal intensity on T2-weighted image and internal calcifications on CT scan is encountered, the possibility of intraosseous tophus should be included in the list of differential diagnoses, even in a teenage patient without prior history of gout.

Adult↗