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Seminal vesicle cysts (SVC) are rather rare disorders. Our case is the first in literature where contralateral renal agenesis was seen together with SVC and surgically managed. We believe that the occurrence of these two coinciding abnormalities is incidental.
Congenital seminal vesicle cysts are usually diagnosed as incidental sonographic findings in patients with voiding complaints. Rarely they could also be detected in asymptomatic cases. In our study, a seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis and ureteral bud remnant in an asymptomatic patient is presented.
OBJECTIVE: To verify that abnormal DNA ploidy in urine cytology can occasionally be attributed to contamination by seminal vesicle cells. STUDY DESIGN: In the first part of this study, we analyzed the DNA content of six urine cytology specimens containing seminal vesicle cells. In the second part, we evaluated 21 Feulgen-stained prostate core biopsies containing seminal vesicle-type epithelium using a CAS-200 system. DNA index, proliferative activity (S + G2M) and degree of hyperploidy (> 5C) were determined in each case. RESULTS: All six urine cytology specimens were diploid, with all but one containing hyperploid cells (range, 0-16%; mean, 6.3%). Seminal vesicle cells from prostate biopsies showed a broad range of ploidy abnormalities. Ten cases (48%) showed an aneuploid peak, two cases (9%) showed a tetraploid peak, and nine cases (43%) showed only a diploid peak. All but one case showed both an elevation in proliferative activity (mean S + G2M, 24.2%) and some hyperploid cells (mean, > 5C; 4.5%). CONCLUSION: Seminal vesicle cells, although rarely seen in urine cytology, can cause abnormal DNA ploidy measurements. Morphologic criteria remain vital to an accurate cytologic diagnosis.
Congenital cysts of the seminal vesicles with ipsilateral renal aplasia or dysplasia are rare but have been well described in the literature. We report the first case where anal tenesmus was the only presenting symptom. Another unique feature was the combination of this anomaly with a duplication of the inferior vena cava.
We present a case of seminal vesicle cyst in a fertile patient. Sporadically appearing hemospermia was the only symptom. We single out thiss pathology and the clinical procedure of this case as being uncommon. Transabdominal echography revealed the presence of the cyst. The T.A.C. did not offer further data. The Deferento vesiculograph was demonstrative. We consider other diagnostic methods and a differential diagnosis is made with other deep pelvis cysts.
The role of mesencephalic reticular formation on testicular structure, seminal vesicles, adrenal glands and kidneys of albino rats was investigated. Mesencephalic reticular formation lesions were produced using two epoxy-coated stainless steel electrodes. Electrolytic lesions resulted in atrophy of the testes, seminal vesicles and adrenal glands. The degree of atrophy was statistically significant in these organs (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant changes in the kidneys of lesioned animals. This study strongly suggests that the mesencephalic reticular formation influences the histomorphology of testes, seminal vesicles and adrenal glands.
We reviewed the histologic specimens from 123 consecutive patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate to determine the presence of seminal vesicle tissue. Additionally, relevant patient data were collected from the records, and a questionnaire regarding pre- and postoperative sexual function was given. The incidence of seminal vesicle tissue in the resectate was 23 per cent. No significant morbidity such as acute epididymitis or impairment of sexual function was associated with the occurrence of seminal vesicle tissue in the specimens. Consequently, no prophylactic measures seem indicated in patients undergoing partial resection of the seminal vesicles in connection with transurethral resection of the prostate.
Protective significance of some seminal plasma components is described. Lactoferrin is characterized as a primary defense factor against microbial invasion. The agglutinating factor in seminal vesicle fluid may prevent premature elimination of the spermatozoa by leukocytes infiltrating into the female genital tract. The protease inhibitors neutralize the activity of the proteases, thereby protecting the tissues and spermatozoa against proteolytic degradation. Antigens absorbed to spermatozoa during the ejaculation may protect the spermatozoa against the immune system of female reproductive tract. Ejaculated spermatozoa contain immunosuppressive substances that inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity as well as lymphocyte response to allogenic cells. These substances may constitute the system that prevents immune damage of spermatozoa.
Three specimens of localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicle surgically removed for prostatic cancer were immunohistochemically analyzed to clarify the nature of the permanganate-sensitive congophilic subepithelial deposition. A variety of known amyloidogenic substances and secretory products in the seminal fluid were screened using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. In addition to reactivities with antibodies to amyloid P component and human seminal plasma, the amyloid material was immunoreactive for lactoferrin using a rabbit antiserum and two of three mouse monoclonal antibodies. All the antibodies labeled some of the normal seminal vesicle epithelial cells for this ironbinding, bacteriostatic glycoprotein. In the prostate without accompanying amyloid deposition, a considerable proportion of the glandular epithelium and secretory material were positive for lactoferrin. Pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy showed lactoferrin immunoreactivity on the amyloid fibrils. Focal staining of the amyloid for gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 was also observed in two lesions. These findings strongly suggest that lactoferrin is the major constituent in localized senile amyloidosis of the seminal vesicle.
The rat seminal vesicle produces large amounts of a protein-rich fluid that greatly contributes to semen volume. RSV IV, a protein abundantly secreted from this gland, binds in vitro to rat epididymal spermatozoa. However, there is no evidence that this protein may have an in vivo role as a sperm-coating antigen. We report in this paper that high-molecular-weight RSV IV immunologically related proteins can be detected on ejaculated spermatozoa, but not on epididymal spermatozoa. After incubation of purified RSV IV with ejaculated spermatozoa in freshly recovered semen or with epididymal spermatozoa in a medium containing the coagulating gland secretion, sperm-bound proteins with analogous properties were detected. These results support the hypothesis that RSV IV is modified at ejaculation to an high-molecular-weight, sperm-coating antigen.
The computed tomographic (CT) findings in four cases of seminal vesicle abscess are presented. The predominant infectious organism in two cases was Escherichia coli, one case was probably caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and another by atypical mycobacterium. The CT findings included unilateral (three cases) or bilateral involvement (one case), seminal vesicle enlargement with hypodense areas within the gland (three cases), adjacent perivesicle inflammation (three cases), and associated bladder wall thickening (three cases). Although the diagnosis of seminal vesicle abscess is often overlooked clinically, CT may help suggest the correct diagnosis early thereby helping to initiate therapy.
PURPOSE: We assessed biochemical and pathological factors as predictors of recurrence in men with seminal vesicle invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 812 men who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1992 and 2000 included 106 (13%) with seminal vesicle invasion. Disease recurrence was defined as prostate specific antigen (PSA) 0.4 ng./ml. or greater. Patients with less than 12 months of followup, salvage radical retropubic prostatectomy, lymph node metastases and adjuvant therapy were excluded from study. Data on the remaining 66 cases were analyzed using the chi-square test, bivariate logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional regression. Variables included demographics, recurrence, time from surgery to recurrence, positive margins, capsular invasion, extracapsular extension, Gleason score (2 to 6, 7 and 8 to 10), and dichotomized values of preoperative PSA (10 or less versus 10 ng./ml.) and tumor volume (20% or less versus greater than 20%). RESULTS: Mean patient age was 62 years (range 48 to 74). At an average followup of 47.7 months (range 13 to 109) 53% of the patients were free of biochemical recurrence. Mean time to recurrence was 18.6 months (range 1.7 to 51.6). Univariate analyses revealed a statistical significant increased risk of recurrence in patients with PSA greater than 10 ng./ml. (p <0.0001), capsular invasion (p = 0.01) and age (p = 0.036). When adjusting for potential covariates, Cox proportional regression analysis indicated that higher PSA (hazard ratio 7.33, 95% CI 2.57 to 20.95), larger tumor volume (hazard ratio 5.64, 95% CI 1.97 to 16.19) and higher age (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22) were significantly associated with shorter time to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: PSA greater than 10 ng./ml., tumor volume greater than 20% and age are significant predictors of recurrence after radical retropubic prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer and seminal vesicle invasion. Hopefully future randomized trials may show a survival benefit of adjuvant therapy in patients at high risk.
Contractile responses of rat isolated seminal vesicle were elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS, 10 Hz, 1 ms, 40 V for 5 s), noradrenaline (1 x 10(-5) M) and carbachol (1 x 10(-5) M). Guanethidine (2 x 10(-5)-5 x 10(-4) M) progressively reduced the contraction induced by EFS and carbachol to 24 +/- 2 and 10 +/- 2%, respectively, at the highest concentration (n = 6), while potentiating noradrenaline contraction to a maximum of 154 +/- 14% at 2 x 10(-5) M (n = 6). Prazosin (1 x 10(-6) M) and atropine (2.5 x 10(-7) M) completely abolished the response to the corresponding agonist and each reduced the response to EFS to 64 +/- 8 and 61 +/- 3%, respectively (n = 6). In the presence of both atropine and prazosin a small contraction to EFS remained (14 +/- 4%, n = 6), which is unlikely to be due to ATP, since exogenous ATP did not induce a contractile response and had an inhibitory effect on EFS-induced responses. Clonidine (1.25 x 10(-5) M) completely blocked responses to noradrenaline and reduced the responses to EFS to 68 +/- 7% (n = 6). However, when both the adrenergic and cholinergic components of EFS were blocked by prazosin and atropine, clonidine potentiated the remaining response to EFS (323 +/- 82%, n = 4). Yohimbine (1 x 10(-5) M) blocked the response to noradrenaline and reduced the response to EFS to 37 +/- 5% (n = 6) while the carbachol response was unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PURPOSE: Seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in a radical prostatectomy (RRP) specimen is associated with a guarded prognosis. We evaluated patients with SVI treated in the pre-prostate specific antigen (PSA) (1983 to 1991) and PSA (1992 to 2003) eras. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of patients with prostate cancer treated with RRP from January 1983 through March 2002, 220 with SVI were evaluated, including 67 in the pre-PSA era and 153 in the PSA era. Postoperative PSA greater than 0.2 ng/ml was considered biochemical evidence of cancer progression. Survival rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates to calculate progression-free, cancer specific and all cause survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to correlate variables with disease progression. RESULTS: The incidence of SVI in the PSA era was lower than in the pre-PSA era (6.0% vs 10.2%, p = 0.001). To date 124 patients (56%) have had evidence of cancer progression. The 4 and 7-year progression-free, cancer specific and all cause survival rates were significantly higher in men with SVI in the PSA era (p = 0.02). PSA at diagnosis, cancerous surgical margins and higher Gleason score were significantly associated with progression. Neither adjuvant nor salvage radiotherapy appeared to confer a significant progression-free survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of SVI has decreased in the PSA era. Progression-free, cancer specific and all cause survival rates following RRP in patients with SVI have improved in the PSA era. This may reflect earlier detection in this pathological tumor stage and more favorable prognostic factors associated with PSA screening. Adjuvant radiotherapy does not appear to confer any therapeutic benefit. Salvage radiotherapy can lead to durable PSA regressions in a small percent of men, although no long-term survival advantage can be proved.
A group of 180 male Wistar rats was utilized to study the synthesis of antibodies against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) after the surgical extirpation of seminal vesicles at 8-10 days of age. Rats were randomly divided into three groups of 60 animals. Group 1 had the rats which seminal vesicles were removed surgically. The second group had the sham-operated controls which glands were exposed only and the incision was closed forthwith. Animals of group 3 were normal and nonoperated. Between 1-6 months of age the rats were immunized intraperitoneally with a SRBC suspension. Four days later the animals were sacrificed, the spleens were removed from the abdominal cavity and the lymphocyte suspensions were obtained after homogenization of the tissues. Adjusted splenic viable lymphocyte suspensions were mixed with SRBC and guinea pig serum to count the anti-erythrocyte hemolytic plaque forming cells, according to the modification of Cunningham of the previously described cell lytic assay of Jerne. The amounts of splenic lymphocytes synthesizing antibodies against SRBC in the rats without seminal vesicles were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that of the sham-operated animals, except at 30 days of age. Proportions of rats with a number of plaque forming cells (PFC) above the median value were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the group of rats without seminal vesicles. A X test was used to explore differences between the proportions observed in the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of CT, MRI and US images of the seminal vesicles. Accurate interpretation of images requires knowledge of normal anatomy, embryology and pathology. Anatomy and a spectrum of abnormalities are reviewed and discussed. Cases are from an analysis of clinical and surgical files to show the diagnostic features of various cystic diseases of the seminal vesicles. Tissue characteristics of the seminal vesicles on CT, MRI and US images are emphasized.
A rare variety of accessory urethra communicating with the left seminal vesicle is reported. Communication was demonstrated between the prostatic urticle and the right seminal vesicle, but not the left. Infection of the accessory channel was managed conservatively with antibacterial therapy. The classification, diagnosis, and treatment for this anomaly are discussed.
1. The guinea-pig seminal vesicle in vivo is characterized by a transmural electrical potential difference of approximately 11 mV with the lumen electrically negative with respect to the interstitial fluid. The concentrations of Na, Cl and K in the vesicular fluid are 13, 15, and 0-4 mM, respectively. 2. When mounted as a flat sheet in a short-circuit apparatus, guinea-pig seminal vesicles initially undergo a decline in the transmural electrical potential difference and short-circuit current ('low phase') followed by a spontaneous increase in these parameters ('high phase'). 3. During the low phase, net C1 movements across the tissue do not differ significantly from zero, and there is a small 'residual' current that is unaccounted for. 4. During the high phase, there is a significant active C1 secretion into the mucosal solution, not detectable net movement of Na and an unaccounted for or 'residual' current that is equal to that found in the low phase. 5. Theophylline, dibutyryl-3'-5' cyclic adenosinemonophosphate,prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin F2alpha markedly stimulate the transmural electrical potential difference and short-circuit current during the low phase, but have no effect when added to the bathing solution during the high phase. 6. Diffusion potentials determined across in vitro seminal vesicles suggest that the spontaneous transmural electrical potential difference in vivo may be attributable to the large ionic asymmetries between the vesicular fluid and the plasma. 7. It is postulated that two phases are involved in the elaboration of seminal vesicular fluid. The initial phase, following emptying of the vesicle, is characterized by the secretion of electrolytes, organic molecules and water. Active C1 secretion presumably regulated by intracellular cyclic adenosinemonophosphate and/or prostaglandins may be the driving force for this initial secretion of electrolytes. Following this secretory phase, electrolytes and water are reabsorbed, thereby concentrating the organic components in the vesicular reservoir.