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Results for “Serial Extraction”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Low levels of antigenic variability in fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Three serial isolates of Candida albicans were obtained by direct swab or by oral saline rinses from each of five human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis. Genotyping techniques confirmed the presence of a persistent strain in multiple episodes from the same patient, which was different from the strains isolated from other patients. Fluconazole susceptibility was determined by both an agar dilution method and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards macrobroth procedure. In four of these patients the strains developed fluconazole resistance, and in one patient the strain remained susceptible. The different isolates were propagated as yeast cells on a synthetic medium, and their cell wall proteinaceous components were extracted by treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol. Protein and mannoprotein components present in the extracts were analyzed by electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and lectin-blotting techniques. The analysis showed a similar composition, with only minor qualitative and quantitative differences in the polypeptidic and antigenic patterns associated with the cell wall extracts from serial isolates from the same patient, as well as those from different strains isolated from different patients. Use of monospecific antibodies generated against two immunodominant antigens during candidiasis (enolase and the 58-kDa fibrinogen-binding mannoprotein) demonstrated their expression in all isolates tested. Overall, the antigenic makeup of C. albicans strains remained constant during the course of infection and was not affected by development of fluconazole resistance. In contrast to previous reports, the low degree of antigenic variability observed in this study may be due to the fact that the isolates were obtained from a highly homogeneous population of patients and to the uniformity in techniques used for the isolation, storage, and culture of the different strains, as well as extraction methodologies.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1980

Effect of extraction in the late mixed dentition on the eruption of the first premolar in Macaca nemestrina.

The effect of deciduous tooth extraction in the late mixed dentition on the eruption of succedaneous teeth was studied in ten Macaca nemestrina. Nineteen deciduous teeth were extracted: nine maxillary and ten mandibular left deciduous first molars. Regardless of sex, arch, chronologic or dental age, all first premolars on the experimental side erupted before those on the control side and this pattern was statistically significant. Extraction of deciduous molars in the late mixed dentition is seen to accelerate eruption of first premolars in Macaca nemestrina. This could be the result of eliminating the need for deciduous tooth root resorption during the normal process of eruption.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2001

Facial aesthetics in orthodontics.

Current trends in orthodontic care emphasise alternatives to the extraction of premolars, despite a lack of support from the refereed literature for many of the non-extraction treatments. Anecdotal reports published in non peer-reviewed journals have called into question the aesthetic effects of extraction treatment. As calls for evidence-based treatments increase throughout dentistry, reports on the effects--both positive and negative--of different orthodontic options have appeared in growing numbers. Given the results of a variety of reports in the peer-reviewed literature, it may be concluded that orthodontic treatment involving extractions can produce improved aesthetics for many patients who have some combination of crowding and protrusion. However, careful diagnosis followed by evidence-based treatment decisions should be the accepted clinical norm as the specialty of Orthodontics embarks on its second century.

Esthetics↗

PubMed1978

Non-routine extractions in orthodontic treatment.

A four-unit symmetrical premolar extraction case demands meticulous levelling, overjet reduction, space closure, rotating, paralleling and torqueing to justify the gambit of having extracted the teeth at the commencement of treatment. This involves the patient in complex therapy which may, for any of several reasons, be contra-indicated for that particular patient, though a decision based on the plaster casts alone may have upheld such an approach. The purpose of this article is to discourage automatic decisions to extract first premolars in orthodontic extraction cases. The clinician is offered a classification of special cases in which an alternative should be sought, based on careful consideration of the general dental, facial, physical, psychological and economic state of the patient.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

The duration of orthodontic treatment with and without extractions: a pilot study of five selected practices.

Contemporary orthodontic practice is diverse, both in the variety of clinical problems treated and in the methods used. Practices differ with respect to their patient composition as well as in many variables relative to treatment protocols. Such heterogeneity makes it difficult to make valid generalizations concerning the characteristics of orthodontic treatment procedures or outcomes; yet data and methods are required for assessment of issues of efficacy and utility. The frequency of orthodontic extractions is an objective criterion that distinguishes practices and may also be related to differences in treatment outcome variables, such as duration. Following a telephone survey to estimate extraction rates in the practices of 238 Michigan orthodontists, five practices with very high or low reported rates were chosen for this pilot study. Our primary aim was to determine whether a systematic relationship existed between the relative frequency of extraction treatments and the duration of active appliance therapy. Records of 438 patients from these practices were examined. The extraction rates of the practices ranged from a low of 25% to a high of 84%. Treatment duration was affected by several variables, such as the number of arches treated, the number of treatment phases, and the practice selected. When the data for all five practices were pooled, and all of the extraction versus nonextraction treatments were compared, the mean durations of treatment were 31.2 and 31.3 months, respectively. Data from individual practices, however, indicated that extraction treatment in each of the practices was of longer duration than nonextraction therapy. These differences in duration were 3.0, 6.6, 2.4, 3.0, and 7.3 months in the five practices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Histology of connective tissue graft. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Few investigations can be found in the literature on the histological nature of the attachment of connective tissue grafts to root surfaces previously exposed by recession. METHODS: In this case report, a 24-year-old patient was treated with a connective tissue graft combined with a partial-thickness coronally positioned flap for root coverage of Class I Miller recessions at the maxillary right and left canines and first premolars. The treated sites exhibited 83% and 100% root coverage on the right and left sides, respectively. Twelve months later, the case required extraction of all 4 first premolars for orthodontic reasons. Two conservative block sections including the maxillary first premolars with the buccal soft tissues were obtained and processed histologically in a bucco-palatal plane. RESULTS: Histological analysis showed that healing occurred via a long junctional epithelium throughout the major portion of the previous recession site. Only minimal signs of new cementum-like tissue formation could be seen in the apical portion of the recession area coronal to the base of the instrumented root surface. No root resorption or ankylosis could be detected in any of the serial sections. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this case report outline the possible variations in the histological outcome of connective tissue grafts. These variations can be attributed to differences in size and shape of the recession defects and flap positioning at the end of surgery.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Management of lower incisor crowding in the early mixed dentition.

This paper describes normal and problem development in lower incisor positioning and offers options for management of crowded cases. The following guidelines were recommended, (1) lower incisor crowding of 2 mm or less and with an intercanine width greater than 28mm will usually resolve spontaneously, (2) lower incisor crowding of 3-4 mm is best managed by discing of the primary dentition, (3) crowding assessment of 5-9 mm requires extraction of primary teeth with probable placement of a supportive lingual arch and, (4) crowding greater than 10 mm requires fixed appliance therapy and careful orthodontic management with attention to the severity of the malocclusion.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1995

Uprighting impacted second molars with segmented springs.

Severe impaction of lower second molars often leads to their extraction to avoid potential damage to the first molar root. We present a case in which we used the clinical application of simple biomechanical principles to allow us to upright bilaterally impacted lower second molars into the desired location in a fairly short time.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed1997

On the management of extraction sites.

Extraction sites may be needed to achieve specific orthodontic goals of positioning the dentition within the craniofacial complex. The fundamental reality that determines the final position of the dentition, however, is the control exercised by the clinician in closure of the extraction sites. A specific treatment objective may require the posterior teeth to remain in a constant position anteroposteriorly as well as vertically, while the anterior teeth occupy the entire extraction site. Another treatment objective may require the reverse, or any number of purposeful alternatives of extraction site closure. An appliance system developed over time, which provides this control, is described. The system takes advantage of aspects of continuous arch therapy that provides constant, positive orientation of the anterior and posterior groups of teeth to each other in three-dimensional space across an extraction site, combined with aspects of the segmented arch technique that permit definable and predictable force systems to be applied to these teeth. Consequently, the clinician has the ability to forecast treatment outcomes with confidence.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed1998

Unexpected temporomandibular joint findings during fixed appliance therapy.

Six hundred consecutively debonded patients were retrospectively examined for the development of any temporomandibular joint signs or symptoms that developed during orthopedic/orthodontic treatment. Sixteen (2.6%) patients were found to have developed unexpected temporomandibular joint findings during treatment. Considering such a small sample, no conclusive results could be found, but several tendencies seemed to be apparent. Those types of patients who seemed to be most predisposed to developing temporomandibular joint problems included female Class II patients with excessive overjet and overbite and moderate to severe crowding of the lower arch. Ninety-three percent of the patients experienced posterior net condylar change in spite of using several different treatment mechanics. The types of treatments used included FJO appliances, headgear, Class II and Class III elastics, no elastics of any kind, extraction and nonextraction. This small study seems to suggest that temporomandibular joint signs and symptoms are changing, inconsistent, and ephemeral in many orthodontic patients regardless of the treatment mechanics.

Child↗

PubMed2003

Guidance of eruption for general practitioners.

The principle of early treatment through well-planned extraction of primary teeth followed by removal of permanent teeth has stood the test of time. The objective of this article is to develop some simple guidelines for general dental practitioners to perform 'guidance of eruption' in malocclusion with severe crowding.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1995

The effectiveness of Class II, division 1 treatment.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment in terms of two outcome variables, namely, the percentage change in a valid and reliable occlusal index, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) score, and the duration of treatment. Data were collected from the records of 250 patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions who were treated in the Orthodontic Department of the University of Pittsburgh between 1977 and 1989. The relationships between the outcome and the treatment variables were analyzed with multiple regression techniques. Those variables significantly associated with the duration of treatment (p < 0.01) were (1) the pretreatment PAR score, (2) the number of treatment stages, (3) the percentage of appointments attended, (4) the number of appliance repairs, and (5) whether the patient was treated with or without extractions. The only variable that influenced the percentage change in PAR was the pretreatment PAR score (p < 0.01).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Orthodontic management of root-filled teeth.

Orthodontists are often concerned about the prognosis of root-filled teeth, particularly when extractions are required for orthodontic treatment. This review provides guidance on assessing the quality of root fillings, as well as the factors which affect the prognosis of root-filled teeth. The implications of previous traumatic injuries and the likelihood of root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed1997

Reasons for tooth extractions in dental practices in Ontario, Canada according to tooth type.

In a study of tooth extractions in general dental practices in Ontario, Canada, 165 dental practitioners provided information on 6134 patients attending during a reference week. Of these, 11.6 per cent of patients had one or more permanent teeth extracted. Periodontal disease was given as the reason for 35.9 per cent of these extractions and caries for 28.9 per cent. Analysis by tooth type showed that third molars were the most common tooth type extracted. However, there were differences in the types of teeth extracted by age. Posterior teeth were most frequently lost by the younger age groups and anterior teeth by older subjects. There were also differences in the reasons for the loss of different tooth types. A comparison of these results with those of a similar study in Scotland suggests that age and tooth type does not account for the excess of extractions due to periodontal disease in this Canadian population. Differences in practice patterns and attitudes towards the retention of teeth may be contributing factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Johnston analysis evaluation of Class II correction in patients belonging to Petrovic growth categories 3 and 5.

Petrovic and Lavergne have proposed a classification of facial growth, consisting of 6 growth categories, according to which patients belonging to growth category 5 at the beginning are supposed to have greater mandibular growth during treatment than patients belonging to growth category 3. We tested this hypothesis with 2 groups of Class II patients: 25 from growth category 3 and 25 from category 5. Both groups consisted of males and females and had starting ages that ranged from 10 to 15 years. Treatment was carried out with a nonangulated edgewise appliance in conjunction with the extraction of four first premolars. The Johnston "Pitchfork" analysis was used to assess treatment changes. It showed that the molar correction was almost identical in amount in growth categories 3 and 5. Its source, however, was not. Differential jaw growth (ABCH) accounted for 75% of molar correction in category 3, but 107. 5% in category 5. On average, there was 1.9 mm of extra mandibular advancement relative to cranial base in category 5 as compared with that of category 3. Mandibular advancement was the most important single factor for the molar and overjet corrections in both groups. Treatment success, evaluated according to Lavergne's treatment objectives, showed that edgewise extraction therapy with headgear is more suitable to patients in category 3 than to the ones in category 5. Further research should explore the treatment methods and goals appropriate to these two growth categories.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Case report BC: extraction decisions based on treatment responses.

We have all been into treatment and lost sight of the "plan" we were so familiar with at the treatment planning stage. Eighteen to 21 months into treatment, we are faced with extraction decisions or surgical planning that should have been addressed at 9 or 12 months. This case report illustrates a treatment plan with several variables that were dependent upon treatment responses. It also illustrates planning a gingival graft to increase the crown length of a first premolar after the canine was substituted as the lateral incisor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Second molar extractions: a review.

In this exhaustive review, a number of parameters related to maxillary and mandibular second molar extractions are discussed. The parameters reviewed include the timing of extractions and the effect of extractions on third molar eruption, posterior interdigitation, and incisor imbrication. The advantages and limitations of this procedure are outlined. The available information strongly suggests that the extraction of second molars relieves crowding in the posterior part of the arch, causes faster eruption of third molars, and diminishes the number of unerupted and/or impacted third molars. Consideration of the decrease in the number of impacted third molars after second molar extraction should be balanced with the fact that the extracted teeth are usually sound and are unimpacted. In addition, the third molars that do erupt frequently are poorly angulated and/or in poor contact with the first molars. This will necessitate an additional "late" period of fixed-appliance therapy to bring these teeth into good occlusion.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Orthodontic treatment results with dental arch anomalies in children and adolescents with and without removal of the teeth].

Patients were aged 6 to 15 years. The first group (197 patients) was treated without teeth extraction, 2nd group had teeth extracted. The treatment of dentition anomalies was effective both in decidual and permanent occlusion. The duration of treatment, number of visits per one definitive course were virtually equal in both groups. The authors believe teeth extraction expedient only in grade II constriction of dental arches, grade I to II construction of apical basis and medial teeth shift with space unavailable for restricted teeth at least for 1/2 crown width, and in absolute or relative macrodontia.

Adolescent↗