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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Automated measurement of bulbar redness.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between physical image characteristics and the clinical grading of images of conjunctival redness and to develop an accurate and efficient predictor of clinical redness from the measurements of these images. METHODS: Seventy-two clinicians graded the appearance of 30 images of redness on a 100-point sliding scale with three referent images (at 25, 50, and 75 points) through a World Wide Web-based survey. Using software developed in a commercial computer program, each image was quantified in two ways: by the presence of blood vessel edges, based on the Canny edge-detection algorithm, and by a measure of overall redness, quantified by the relative magnitude of the redness component of each red-green-blue (RGB) pixel. Linear and nonlinear regressors and a Bayesian estimator were used to optimally combine the image characteristics to predict the clinical grades. RESULTS: The clinical judgments of the redness images were highly variable: The average grade range for each image was approximately 55 points, more than half the extent of the entire scale. The median clinical grade was chosen as the most reliable measure of "truth." The median grade was predicted by a weighted linear combination of the edgeness and redness features of each image. The strength of the predicted association was r = 0.976, exceeding the strength of association of all but one of the 72 individual clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical grading of redness images is highly variable. Despite this human variability, easily implemented image-analysis and statistical procedures were able to reliably predict median clinical grades of conjunctival redness.

Conjunctival Diseases↗

PubMed2002

Developing E-commerce and improving resource management.

The pressure on Materials Managers, Information Technology Managers and Chief Executive Officer's has never been greater to re-imagine, re-invent, and re-architect their operations. The need for speed and for emerging Internet skills and sensibilities has led many operations to look to E-business service providers for assistance. The United States market for E-business services, including consulting, IT outsourcing, software development, and system integration has grown from $7.01 billion in 1998 to approximately $10.3 million in 2000 according to Dataquest. With the growth in E-business accelerating, the market is expected to mushroom to $59 billion by 2003. Material Managers know they must introduce E-commerce to their business strategy, but many are not sure how, which is driving them to consulting and services companies. There is confusion in the ranks on whether they need to change their business model and systems structure in order to do this, and the organization is reevaluating how to move forward in the dot.com world.

Commerce↗

PubMed1983

A computer application for dietary analysis in clinical nutrition.

The computerized dietary assessment system developed at Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, to assist dietitians with routine calculation of nutrient intakes of patients, as a component of clinical nutrition assessment is described. The program was designed for dietary assessments of hospitalized patients and ambulatory patients, and to facilitate teaching students about dietary management of medical nutrition problems. To meet program objectives, efforts were directed toward software development, with flexibility to meet the needs of a wide variety of users, to accommodate rapidly changing nutrient composition data, to allow tailoring of the database to individual clinical settings, and for future expansion. The regionally accessible dietary assessment system is easy to use and is rapid, requiring 10 to 15 minutes to complete each one-day assessment. The program has been well accepted and utilized by hospital nutritionists in several clinical areas, for establishing dietary goals, monitoring progress, and in patient education.

Computers↗

PubMed2005

Correlation between the measurement of posterior capsule opacification severity and visual function testing.

PURPOSE: To develop software to measure the severity of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) using analysis of retroillumination images and to correlate the results with clinical evaluation of PCO severity and visual function. SETTING: Department of Physics, King's College, and Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom. METHODS: A technique for calculating PCO severity was developed based on calculating the variance of intensity by transforming retroillumination images to a similar mean intensity. The computer-derived severity was compared to grading of clinical severity by 3 independent observers using a library of 100 retroillumination images ranging from clear posterior capsules to very severe PCO. The computer results were also compared with the following other current methods of measuring PCO: Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO), POCOman, and Automated Quantification of After-Cataract. A further 35 images were used to compare the results of computer-derived severity with the results of visual function analysis (high-contrast acuity, 100%; low-contrast acuity, 9%) using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart, contrast sensitivity testing using the Pelli-Robson chart, and glare assessment using the van den Berg straylight meter. RESULTS: The severity scores showed a good correlation with clinical severity scores for the library of images (r=0.86) and with severity scores using POCOman and EPCO (r=0.85 and r=0.81, respectively). The correlations with visual function tests were also good, with low-contrast visual acuity (9%) showing the best correlation (r=0.87). CONCLUSION: Variance in intensity of PCO was successfully used to calculate the severity of PCO.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Two-dimensional impedance imaging of cell migration and epithelial stratification.

We present a miniaturized impedance imaging system, developed for 2D imaging of cell and tissue culture. The system is based on 16 microelectrodes (5 microm x 4 mm). An equivalent circuit for four-point (tetrapolar) impedance spectra was developed and validated. The system uses an Agilent 4294A impedance analyser combined with a front-end amplifier for the impedance measurements. Human epithelial stem cells (YF 29) were grown on the device surface. Cell migration speeds of 300 nm min(-1) following a "scratch" wound closure assay could be established. Using a commercial software developed for geophysical prospecting, we could generate impedance tomography images at 10 kHz revealing cell migration, increase of epithelial thickness and changes in tissue resistivity over a time course of several days.

Cell Culture Techniques↗

PubMed1998

[Relationship between anatomic variations of nasal sinus and chronic sinusitis].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the etiology of chronic sinusitis. METHODS: Ninety-one coronal CT scans of chronic sinusitis were analysed with mutimedia software developed by the authors. Sinus CT images were scanned into multimedia computer and the subtle anatomic structures such as pneumatization of the middle turbinate, agger nasi cell, Haller's cell, septal deformity, maxillary sinus hypoplasia, abnormality of uncinate process and ethmoid bulla and so on were measured. The results were analysed by the statistical software SPSS. RESULTS: The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with patients with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of patients with frontal sinusitis were larger(11.70 +/- 5.50 mm and 8.54 +/- 3.67 mm respectively, P < 0.01). Compared with patients with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of patients with maxillary sinusitis were larger (77.8% and 33.3%, P < 0.05) and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6 +/- 17.8 mm2 and 41.6 +/- 12.6 mm2, respectively, P < 0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of maxillary sinusitis. The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause anterior ethmoid sinusitis. CONCLUSION: Some anatomic variations may play a role in chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Medical informatics Heidelberg/Heilbronn: graduates' experiences and job situation. An inquiry among graduates having completed the curriculum of medical informatics at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn.

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the curriculum of medical informatics at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn, a written and anonymous inquiry was carried out in March 1992 among the entirety of graduates from the curriculum. The aim of the inquiry was to obtain from the graduates of the curriculum information about their current places of employment, their fields of work, the state of continuing education as well as about their professional position. It was, in addition, intended to obtain from the graduates' point of view an assessment of the education received during their studies as well as an assessment of the job situation. A questionnaire was sent to all persons having completed their studies by that time (n = 567, as of 1.1.1992). 62.2% of the forms were returned duly filled in; 92.2% of the graduates are employed. 44.5% out of them are working within the field of medical informatics, 53.0% are working outside medical informatics but within the sector of informatics and 2.2% in other fields; 0.3% were without indication. As far as places of employment are concerned, enterprises concentrating on hardware and software development rank first, followed by hospitals and medical institutions affiliated to universities. As far as fields of work are concerned, information systems within the health care sector (especially hospital information systems) as well as medical documentation predominate in the group of those employed within medical informatics, whereas among those not working within medical informatics software engineering as well as database systems and information systems prevail.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Curriculum↗

PubMed2002

Magnetic resonance microscopy approaches to molecular imaging: sensitivity vs. specificity.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a staple of diagnostic radiology. Despite its diagnostic utility the resolving power of typical clinical MRI instruments is only on the order of 1 mm. This has led to the development of magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), which employs the same physical imaging principals used in MRI, but with instrumentation designed to resolve structural details down to the level of 10-100 microns in samples ranging from less than 1mm to several centimeters in size. Until recently, major advancements in MRM have focused on hardware and software developments allowing the detection of radio-frequency signals originating from very small volume elements within the sample. Such high-resolution images have facilitated the early detection of diseased tissue by focusing on sub-millimeter structural changes induced in the tissue. To sensitize the MRM technique to pathologic tissue changes, investigators have developed techniques, such as chemical shift imaging to detect pre-cancerous changes in tissue metabolism and MR relaxometry to detect changes in tissue composition during the earliest stages of degeneration for diseases such as osteoarthritis or multiple sclerosis. However, such non-specific measurements can only serve as surrogate measures of disease progression and potential measures of treatment efficacy. As disease diagnosis moves from the anatomic to the molecular stage, scientists will require imaging techniques that can detect molecular events deep inside the human body. To meet this goal, MR scientists are working to improve imaging resolutions in vivo and they are developing molecular probes that can dramatically amplify the MR signal in response to specific and highly localized molecular events. This article will identify current trends in the MRM field aimed at meeting the challenges imposed by molecular imaging and areas for future development in this highly promising imaging field.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging↗

PubMed1993

Ocular fluorometry: standardization and instrumentation development. A Concerted Action in the European Community (EUROEYE).

A Concerted Action on Ocular Fluorometry, stressing standardization and instrumentation development has been funded by the European Community. Agreement was reached on harmonization of protocols. The results obtained show that the protocols proposed for Clinical Ocular Fluorometry were generally appropriate and may be followed closely, with reproducible and meaningful results. In each group, areas for improvement could, however, be detected, particularly regarding facility of use of the newly developed softwares. The success of the ECNOF was very rewarding and every effort is being made to consolidate this success in the publication and dissemination of the agreed guidelines and results. The field of Ocular Fluorometry appears to have even more potential than was apparent at the beginning of this Concerted Action. The needs for instrumentation development have been clarified and four main directions where progress has been achieved are identifiable: spectral fluorescence analysis of naturally occurring ocular fluorophores, light scattering analysis of ocular structures and fluids, improved axial resolution for better quantification of ocular permeabilities and, finally, development of simple routine clinical instrumentation. Corneal and lens natural fluorescence appear extremely promising as indicators of disease status, particularly in diabetes. Blood-retinal barrier permeability has the potential to become a screening test isolating the eyes at risk for developing diabetic blindness and, therefore needing closer follow-up and earlier treatment. Light scattering methodologies particularly in association with ocular fluorometry, may allow improved monitorization of chronic inflammation, better therapeutical management of a variety a sight-threatening diseases.

Anterior Eye Segment↗

PubMed1996

Safety factors in the remote control of infusion devices.

We have been using computer driven injections in surgery for many years to the benefit of more than thousand patients. Along these years we accumulated extensive experience in remote controlled infusion pumps. Today we have solved many communication problems. Despite the attention and care we brought in our software developments we still meet with some problems.

Anesthesiology↗

PubMed1986

GENEVIEW and the DNACE data bus: computational tools for analysis, display and exchange of genetic information.

We describe an interactive computational tool, GENEVIEW, that allows the scientist to retrieve, analyze, display and exchange genetic information. The scientist may request a display of information from a GenBank locus, request that a restriction map be computed, stored and superimposed on GenBank information, and interactively view this information. GENEVIEW provides an interface between the GenBank data base and the programs of the Lilly DNA Computing Environment (DNACE). This interface stores genetic information in a simple, free format that has become the universal convention of DNACE; this format will serve as the convention for all future software development at Eli Lilly and Company, and could serve as a convention for genetic information exchange.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The use of medical images in planning and delivery of radiation therapy.

The authors provide a survey of how images are used in radiation therapy to improve the precision of radiation therapy plans, and delivery of radiation treatment. In contrast to diagnostic radiology, where the focus is on interpretation of the images to decide if disease is present, radiation therapy quantifies the extent of the region to be treated, and relates it to the proposed treatment using a quantitative modeling system called a radiation treatment planning (RTP) system. This necessitates several requirements of image display and manipulation in radiation therapy that are not usually important in diagnosis. The images must have uniform spatial fidelity: i.e., the pixel size must be known and consistent throughout individual images, and between spatially related sets. The exact spatial relation of images in a set must be known. Radiation oncologists draw on images to define target volumes; dosimetrists use RTP systems to superimpose quantitative models of radiation beams and radiation dose distributions on the images and on the sets of organ and target contours derived from them. While this mainly uses transverse cross-sectional images, projected images are also important, both those produced by the radiation treatment simulator and the treatment machines, and so-called "digital reconstructed radiographs," computed from spatially related sets of cross-sectional images. These requirements are not typically met by software produced for radiologists but are addressed by RTP systems. This review briefly summarizes ongoing work on software development in this area at the University of Washington Department of Radiation Oncology.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2006

Evaluation of two 3D virtual computer reconstructions for comparison of cleft lip and palate to normal fetal microanatomy.

Cleft lip and palate reconstructive surgery requires thorough knowledge of normal and pathological labial, palatal, and velopharyngeal anatomy. This study compared two software algorithms and their 3D virtual anatomical reconstruction because exact 3D micromorphological reconstruction may improve learning, reveal spatial relationships, and provide data for mathematical modeling. Transverse and frontal serial sections of the midface of 18 fetal specimens (11th to 32nd gestational week) were used for two manual segmentation approaches. The first manual segmentation approach used bitmap images and either Windows-based or Mac-based SURFdriver commercial software that allowed manual contour matching, surface generation with average slice thickness, 3D triangulation, and real-time interactive virtual 3D reconstruction viewing. The second manual segmentation approach used tagged image format and platform-independent prototypical SeViSe software developed by one of the authors (F.W.). Distended or compressed structures were dynamically transformed. Registration was automatic but allowed manual correction, such as individual section thickness, surface generation, and interactive virtual 3D real-time viewing. SURFdriver permitted intuitive segmentation, easy manual offset correction, and the reconstruction showed complex spatial relationships in real time. However, frequent software crashes and erroneous landmarks appearing "out of the blue," requiring manual correction, were tedious. Individual section thickness, defined smoothing, and unlimited structure number could not be integrated. The reconstruction remained underdimensioned and not sufficiently accurate for this study's reconstruction problem. SeViSe permitted unlimited structure number, late addition of extra sections, and quantified smoothing and individual slice thickness; however, SeViSe required more elaborate work-up compared to SURFdriver, yet detailed and exact 3D reconstructions were created.

Cleft Lip↗

PubMed2001

Computational cell biology: spatiotemporal simulation of cellular events.

The field of computational cell biology has emerged within the past 5 years because of the need to apply disciplined computational approaches to build and test complex hypotheses on the interacting structural, physical, and chemical features that underlie intracellular processes. To meet this need, newly developed software tools allow cell biologists and biophysicists to build models and generate simulations from them. The construction of general-purpose computational approaches is especially challenging if the spatial complexity of cellular systems is to be explicitly treated. This review surveys some of the existing efforts in this field with special emphasis on a system being developed in the authors' laboratory, Virtual Cell. The theories behind both stochastic and deterministic simulations are discussed. Examples of respective applications to cell biological problems in RNA trafficking and neuronal calcium dynamics are provided to illustrate these ideas.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Development of the editable software for dentition defect and dentures].

OBJECTIVE: Discussed how to develop a software for prosthodontics teaching with the models and element libraries of the dentition and dentures. METHODS: Selected the typical Kennedy's types and prostheses, used the kinds of model and libraries, by the way of the image manipulation, we established an applied software. RESULTS: We established an useful software for the prosthodontics teaching. CONCLUSION: The software we developed is effective and editable.

English Abstract↗

PubMed1993

Computer programs in gastrointestinal endoscopy: issues, problems, and solutions.

For 10 years, a computerized gastrointestinal endoscopy database was promoted as necessary and desirable. At least 2 endoscopy societies, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and the World Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (OMED), devoted considerable effort to develop appropriate terminology and structure. Numerous vendors and individuals developed software conforming, to various degrees, with the ASGE and OMED recommendations, and hundreds of institutions in the United States and an equal number worldwide have computerized their endoscopy paperwork. Dozens of articles and several large multicenter research efforts signal the usefulness of the database concept. Although desired, and apparently needed, endoscopy databases have not, however, caught the attention of a majority of physicians who could benefit from them--probably because of perceived difficulty with user interface. Whereas the keyboard has succeeded in virtually every other discipline, it is an enigma why there is so much anathema to this ubiquitous device among the majority of the medical community. Attempts at alternate input modalities, such as voice, resulted in several commercially available report-writers; however, the original database concept is insignificant in these current products. The international experience with this subject is reviewed with an optimistic prediction that a satisfactory doctor-computer interface will be developed, perhaps with totally new technology, and that continued interest, use, and development of an endoscopy database is justified.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗

PubMed2000

The development of reactor coolant pump vibration monitoring and a diagnostic system in the nuclear power plant.

Monitoring abnormalities within reactor coolant pumps due to vibration, we introduce a Wigner distribution (WD) to a vibration monitoring system for analyzing vibration signals, and develop an on-line diagnostic method using the neural network employing back propagation algorithm. A rotor kit is used to simulate the abnormal conditions in the pump such as bearing rubbing, shaft bending, misalignment, etc. The data collected from the kit are analyzed using both a conventional system based on the Fourier transform (FT) and the software developed with the WD in this study, and they are compared. The study shows that spectrum represented by WD makes it easy to analyze the vibration signals of a rotating machine and the developed diagnostic method will help the operators grasp the cause of vibrations.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Informatics and multiplexing of intact protein identification in bacteria and the archaea.

Although direct fragmentation of protein ions in a mass spectrometer is far more efficient than exhaustive mapping of 1-3 kDa peptides for complete characterization of primary structures predicted from sequenced genomes, the development of this approach is still in its infancy. Here we describe a statistical model (good to within approximately 5%) that shows that the database search specificity of this method requires only three of four fragment ions to match (at +/-0.1 Da) for a 99.8% probability of being correct in a database of 5,000 protein forms. Software developed for automated processing of protein ion fragmentation data and for probability-based retrieval of whole proteins is illustrated by identification of 18 archaeal and bacterial proteins with simultaneous mass-spectrometric (MS) mapping of their entire primary structures. Dissociation of two or three proteins at once for such identifications in parallel is also demonstrated, along with retention and exact localization of a phosphorylated serine residue through the fragmentation process. These conceptual and technical advances should assist future processing of whole proteins in a higher throughput format for more robust detection of co- and post-translational modifications.

Algorithms↗