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Results for “Structural equation modeling”

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PubMed2001

Psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression in diverse groups of women.

The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which a causal model developed from a theoretical formulation of postpartum depression was consistent with data collected from three groups of postpartum women. In this cross-sectional, correlational design, the samples consisted of primarily middle-class, Caucasian mothers of term infants and preterm infants, and low-income, African American mothers of term infants. Instruments included the CES-D Depression instrument, the Postpartum Support Questionnaire, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem instrument, and a question regarding closeness to partner. The causal model was tested with structural equation modeling. Importance of support, support received, and closeness to partner were significant predictors of both self-esteem and depression. Predictors of postpartum depression are the same across diverse samples of women, as proposed in the causal model.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Work-related goal perceptions and affective well-being.

The aim was to clarify how perceptions of work-related goals influence affective well-being and goal commitment. Participants (N = 201) completed a Goal Perceptions Questionnaire and affect scales. A model was refined using structural equation modelling. Value and success expectation substantially mediated the effects of other goal perceptions on affects and commitment. Both value and success expectation increased commitment, but whereas value increased positive affects, success expectation reduced negative affects. The determinants of value (e.g. personal origin) were different from those of success expectation (e.g. personal control). Through astute goal setting, it is possible to promote well-being without compromising commitment.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Predicting negative mood state and personal growth in African American and White long-term breast cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: Relatively little research has examined cognitive processes that may impact psychological adaptation in older long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS). PURPOSE: This study investigated the strength of a conceptual model based on the literature and Uncertainty in Illness Theories which proposes that negative mood state and personal growth in older long-term White and African American BCS would be predicted by the combined influences of demographic and disease variables, social support, religious participation, and cognitive processes (uncertainty, catastrophizing, troublesome thoughts, and cognitive reframing). METHODS: Baseline data were gathered from 524 BCS (369 Whites and 155 African Americans, 5-9 years postdiagnosis) prior to their participating in an uncertainty management intervention program. The conceptual model was tested using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The multigroup model showed good fit to the data and explained substantial variance in negative mood state and personal growth. Cognitive processes showed both direct and indirect effects on outcomes in the expected directions. Several ethnic differences were found: African Americans were more negatively affected by comorbidities and Whites by symptom distress, whereas cognitive reframing was a stronger predictor of personal growth for African Americans than Whites. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first studies to explore predictors of both negative mood and personal growth in a multiethnic sample of BCS. These findings suggest that cognitive processes play an important role in psychological adaptation to breast cancer survivorship. These processes are amenable to change, suggesting a logical target for intervention with this population.

Black or African American↗

PubMed2002

Neuropsychological concomitants of calculation skills in college students referred for learning difficulties.

The contributions of 3 conceptual domains from a theoretical model of math skill (Geary, 1993) were examined in a large sample of college students referred for assessment of possible learning disorders. Measures were chosen from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, to represent each of the 3 domains (semantic retrieval, executive-procedural, and visuospatial). The proposed model was examined using structural equation modeling (LISREL), and factors representing the 3 latent domains were derived. The domains of semantic retrieval and executive-procedural skills together accounted for approximately 17% of the variance in calculation skills. The domain of visuospatial skills failed to account for significant incremental variance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Behavior genetic modeling of human fertility: findings from a contemporary Danish Twin Study.

Behavior genetic designs and analysis can be used to address issues of central importance to demography. We use this methodology to document genetic influence on human fertility. Our data come from Danish twin pairs born from 1953 to 1959, measured on age at first attempt to get pregnant (FirstTry) and number of children (NumCh). Behavior genetic models were fitted using structural equation modeling and DF analysis. A consistent medium-level additive genetic influence was found for NumCh, equal across genders; a stronger genetic influence was identified for FirstTry, greater for females than for males. A bivariate analysis indicated significant shared genetic variance between NumCh and FirstTry.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Structural relationship of child behavior and its evaluation during dental treatment.

The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child behavior was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation scale developed by Kurosu. Factor analysis extracted 3 behavior types: escape, self-defense, and facial expression. The path diagram of structural relationships between child behavior and the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale indicated that facial expression had the strongest correlation to the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale.

Child↗

PubMed2001

Roles of social support and social skills in the intercultural adjustment of Japanese adolescent sojourners in the USA.

Intercultural adjustment of Japanese high school students who sojourned in the United States for one year is the focus of the study. Building relationships with host nationals using limited English competency is the challenge that seems basic to successful adjustment to life in the USA. A path model was constructed in which English competence leads to better social skills, which in turn affects the amount of social support gained from host nationals. This model was tested through structural equation modeling, and the model's fit to the data was satisfactory. The predictive roles of English proficiency and personality were suggested in a supplementary analysis.

Acculturation↗

PubMed2002

Physician, practice, and patient characteristics related to primary care physician physical and mental health: results from the Physician Worklife Study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact that physician, practice, and patient characteristics have on physician stress, satisfaction, mental, and physical health. DATA SOURCES: Based on a survey of over 5,000 physicians nationwide. Four waves of surveys resulted in 2,325 complete responses. Elimination of ineligibles yielded a 52 percent response rate; 1,411 responses from primary care physicians were used. STUDY DESIGN: A conceptual model was tested by structural equation modeling. Physician job satisfaction and stress mediated the relationship between physician, practice, and patient characteristics as independent variables and physician physical and mental health as dependent variables. PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: The conceptual model was generally supported. Practice and, to a lesser extent, physician characteristics influenced job satisfaction, whereas only practice characteristics influenced job stress. Patient characteristics exerted little influence. Job stress powerfully influenced job satisfaction and physical and mental health among physicians. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the notion that workplace conditions are a major determinant of physician well-being. Poor practice conditions can result in poor outcomes, which can erode quality of care and prove costly to the physician and health care organization. Fortunately, these conditions are manageable. Organizational settings that are both "physician friendly" and "family friendly" seem to result in greater well-being. These findings are particularly important as physicians are more tightly integrated into the health care system that may be less clearly under their exclusive control.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Worry Domains Questionnaire.

The Worry Domains Questionnaire (WDQ) is a content-based measure of nonpathological worry. The current study investigates an adapted WDQ for clinical assessment. The WDQ was completed by 570 participants (286 clinical, 284 nonclinical). Internal consistency of the WDQ domains was found to be adequate. Clinical participants obtained significantly higher WDQ scores than control participants. WDQ scores were moderately correlated with several clinical self-report measures. A seven-factor structure and a higher order worry factor model were separately subjected to structural equation modeling in the clinical sample. The factor groupings originally outlined by the scale's authors (with minor revisions) provided the best description of the clinical data set. Evidence of differences in the worry factor structures of clinical and control samples did emerge. This study provides initial support of the psychometric suitability of the adapted WDQ for use in clinical populations.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

The developmental ecology of urban males' youth violence.

Data from a longitudinal study of 294 African American and Latino adolescent boys and their caregivers living in poor urban communities were used to test a developmental-ecological model of violence. Six annual waves of data were applied to evaluate the relations between microsystem influences of parenting and peer deviance (peer violence and gang membership), macrosystem influences of community structural characteristics and neighborhood social organization, and individual involvement in violence (level and growth). Structural equation modeling analyses showed that community structural characteristics significantly predicted neighborhood social processes. Parenting practices partially mediated the relation between neighborhood social processes and gang membership. Parenting practices was fully mediated in its relation to peer violence by gang membership. Gang membership was partially mediated by peer violence level in its relation to individual violence level. Although the overall set of relations does not satisfy mediation requirements fully in all instances, the model was validated for the most part, supporting a focus on a multilevel ecological model of influences on risk development.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Unraveling 'F' factor: towards a genetic-clinical framework for the musculoskeletal-heart crosstalk in metabolic aging.

BACKGROUND: The rising co-occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and musculoskeletal degeneration poses a critical challenge to healthy aging, yet the shared biological mechanisms underlying this multimorbidity remain poorly defined. This study aimed to establish an integrative clinical-genetic framework to elucidate the common frailty factor, the 'F' factor, that captures the systemic vulnerability linking cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and musculoskeletal aging. METHODS: Utilizing the prospective China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohort, we developed and validated novel Frailty-Integrated Indices for CMM risk prediction, evaluated with machine learning models interpreted via SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Independently, we applied genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic-SEM) to integrate genome-wide association data from six traits-coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, bone mineral density, frailty, and telomere length-to model a shared latent genetic factor ('F' factor). This was followed by multivariate GWAS, fine-mapping, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), gene-based analysis, and functional annotation to prioritize causal genes, pathways, and cell types. RESULTS: Clinically, several Frailty-Integrated Indices significantly improved CMM risk prediction, with the optimal model achieving an AUC of 0.727. Genetically, we modeled a significant shared latent genetic factor ('F' factor), pinpointing novel risk loci and implicating key genes such as APOE and SLC22A3. These genes were enriched in pathways including cellular senescence and cholesterol metabolism and showed specific expression patterns in developmental brain stages and across multi-organ endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide converging evidence for Musculoskeletal‑Heart crosstalk of metabolic aging and inferred the 'F' factor as a genetic correlate of a transdiagnostic state, which links genetic predisposition to metabolic dysregulation, and systemic functional decline. This work provides a multi-level biological characterization of multimorbidity liability, informing early-risk detection and preventive strategies for complex aging-related comorbidities.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Replications of a dual failure model for boys' depressed mood.

A structural equation model for depressed mood was examined for three samples of boys (N = 317) from at-risk families. It was assumed that rejection by normal peers and academic failure were significant covariates for preadolescent boys' depressed mood. The model accounted for from 51% to 68% of the variance in the criterion construct. The confirmatory factor analyses showed an adequate fit of the measurement model to the data sets for each of the three samples. The hypothesized negative path coefficients from the good peer relations construct to the child depressed mood construct were significant for all three samples. The path from the academic skills construct to the child depressed mood construct, however, was highly variable and significant for only two of the samples. Multigroup comparisons were carried out to determine the degree to which the factor loadings and the structural relations between constructs were invariant across the three samples.

Achievement↗

PubMed2000

Long-term posttreatment functioning among patients with unipolar depression: an integrative model.

This study tested an integrative structural equation model of posttreatment functioning among 165 depressed patients followed for an average of 9 years after the end of an episode of treatment. The model examined (a) the link between life change and psychosocial resource change and (b) the role of resource change in mediating the relationship between life change and change in depression. An increase in the preponderance of negative over positive life events was associated with a decline in resources and an increase in depressive symptoms. A decline in resources was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. The association between changes in events and depressive symptoms was completely mediated through resource change. These findings indicate that life stressors contribute to posttreatment depression through an erosion of personal and social resources.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Structural modeling of contrast sensitivity in adulthood.

Structural equation modeling was used to assess the utility of the sensorineural model of contrast sensitivity proposed by Sekuler et al. [Vision Res. 24, 689 (1984)] to account for spatial vision in adulthood. In Study 1, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (1.5-18 c/deg) were measured in 84 people between the ages of 19 and 81 yr. No three-filter model fitted the data well. Although a two-filter model was associated with good fit indices, parameter estimates for both filters were inconsistent with physiological and behavioral data. In Study 2, acuity and contrast sensitivity (1.5-18 c/deg) were assessed in 95 observers between the ages of 23 and 73 yr. All measures were gathered once per month over a three-month period. The Sekuler et al. three-filter model did not fit the data from any time of measure, but a two-filter, bandpass model provided a consistent and excellent fit for all three waves. The model suggests that age-related change in the neural mechanisms underlying contrast sensitivity is minimal once acuity is controlled. Discrepancies between this conclusion and that reported by Sekuler et al. may be related to test type, psychophysical method, reliability, and sample selection.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

The self as a mediator between personality and adjustment.

The self can be conceptualized as a mediating agent that translates personality into situated goal-directed activities and adaptation. This research used a level-of-analysis approach to link personality dimensions (Level I) to self-systems (Level II) and to teacher ratings of adjustment in African American, Mexican American, and European American students (N = 317). The authors hypothesized that links among aspects of self-esteem and teacher ratings of adjustment would be domain specific, and those links to dimensions of the 5-factor model would reflects the domain specificity. Structural equation modeling corroborated hypotheses about domain specificity in links between adjustment and 5-factor dimensions. Results were discussed in terms of levels of analysis for personality structure, personality development, and age-related adaptations to social contexts.

Acculturation↗

PubMed1997

Cognitive imbalance and antisocial personality characteristics.

A cognitive imbalance, in which intellectual functioning is elevated in the performance area in comparison to verbal IQ, has been posited as an antecedent condition in relation to antisocial behaviors. The current investigation was based on the notion of a developmental arrest in which verbal, analytical, controlling brain processes (analogous to verbal IQ) fail to develop commensurately with the more impulsive actions mediated by the motor areas of the cerebral cortex (analogous to performance IQ). The simple verbal IQ performance IQ discrepancy index used in prior studies was reformulated as a causal theoretical model consisting of shared and unique performance IQ variance. The participants were 325 adults including 141 prison inmates. They were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) and the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) and Mania (Ma) scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). These were the manifest (measured) variables in the model tested by means of structural equation modeling procedures. Several statistical indices suggested an excellent model-data congruence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Forms of cannabis and cocaine: a twin study.

Cannabis and cocaine are illicit psychoactive substances that have fallen under intense scrutiny by epidemiologists and behavioral geneticists. However, most analyses have used a composite variable to represent the use of these two drugs. For example, the composite variable of cannabis use often includes use of marijuana or hashish. Similarly, cocaine use involves different preparations (crack vs. cocaine hydrochloride) and varying routes of administration (intranasal insufflation vs. smoking). While there is some epidemiological evidence for the difference in addictive potentials between crack and intranasal cocaine, genetically informative studies have not examined the relationship between the forms of cannabis or cocaine. We used data from male and female same-sex twin pairs to examine the extent of genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental overlap between (i) marijuana and hashish for cannabis use and (ii) intranasal and crack cocaine for cocaine use. Bivariate Cholesky models were fit using the structural equation modeling software Mx. Our results indicate that for both drugs, the individual drug forms show a complete overlap of genetic factors and a substantial overlap of shared environmental influences. While marijuana and hashish share a moderate proportion of their unique environment, crack and intranasal cocaine only show a modest overlap of unique environmental factors, adding some evidence for form-specific environmental factors. In conclusion, there is substantial overlap of familial factors between forms of a single drug and preference is primarily determined by unique environmental influences. These findings also reinforce the validity of composite variables in epidemiological and genetic research.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Injuries and use of protective equipment among college in-line skaters.

In-line skating injuries and protective gear use were explored in a sample of college students (n = 217). A minority of respondents wore protective gear. One third of skaters had experienced at least one minor injury, and a smaller percentage had experienced fractures or head injuries. Most minor injuries occurred during the first 1-2 times skating, while more serious injuries tended to occur after at least 50 times on in-line skates. Psychosocial predictors of protective gear use were explored. Four major Health Belief Model constructs (perceived barriers to wearing gear, perceived susceptibility to injury, perceived severity of injury, and perceived benefits of wearing gear) were significant predictors of protective gear use. The Health Belief Model, tested using regression and structural equation modelling, predicted gear typically worn, frequency of gear use, and injuries received while in-line skating. Implications for increasing protective gear use are described.

Adolescent↗