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PubMed1995

Application of cross-correlation function in the evaluation of objective MLR thresholds in the low and middle frequencies.

In this study, the cross-correlation function was applied in the evaluation of MLR thresholds in the low and middle frequencies. The parameters of the cross-correlation function consist of the correlation coefficient at a lag-time of zero (RO), the maximum correlation coefficient (RM), and the latency delay on the lag-time axis at the point of the maximum correlation coefficient (DL). The normal limits of the parameters of cross-correlation at the MLR threshold level, which was identified by visual detection across frequencies, were obtained in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. The cross-correlation functions for two traces were also performed below threshold level. All cross-correlation parameters (RO, RM and DL) below threshold level were outside normal limits in 91% of all the subjects. The incidence of the only RM or DL parameter value within normal limits was 6% or 3% of all cases at the subthreshold level. Correlation data allow precise measurements of the MLR threshold and enhance the sensitivity of the definition of the MLR threshold. In addition, our study provides quantifiable information for estimating MLR threshold.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Genetic correlations among somatic cell scores, productive life, and type traits from the United States and udder health measures from Denmark and Sweden.

Sire genetic evaluations for protein yield, somatic cell score (SCS), productive life, and udder type traits from the US were correlated with sire evaluations for udder health from Denmark and Sweden and then the correlations were adjusted for accuracies to approximate genetic correlations. Traits from Denmark and Sweden included somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis from single-trait analyses. In addition, evaluations for clinical mastitis from Denmark and Sweden were regressed on US traits to test for quadratic relationships. Information from 85 bulls with US and Danish evaluations (77 with US type) and from 80 bulls with US and Swedish evaluations (79 with US type) was used to calculate correlations. Genetic correlations of US protein yield with Danish and Swedish SCC and clinical mastitis were all unfavorable (-0.09 to -0.32). Genetic correlations of US productive life with Danish and Swedish SCC and clinical mastitis were all favorable (0.06 to 0.59). Genetic correlations between US SCS and Danish SCC and between US SCS and Swedish SCC were -0.87 and -0.99, respectively (favorable). Genetic correlations between US SCS and Danish clinical mastitis and between US SCS and Swedish clinical mastitis were -0.66 and -0.49, respectively (favorable). The US type traits that had the largest correlations with clinical mastitis from Denmark and Sweden, respectively, were udder composite (0.26, 0.47), udder depth (0.45, 0.52), and fore udder attachment (0.31, 0.34). In general, quadratic regressions indicated little nonlinearity between clinical mastitis and the US traits. Specifically, the US bulls with the lowest predicted transmitting abilities for SCS had the most favorable rates of daughter clinical mastitis in Denmark and Sweden. Selection for increased productive life, lower SCS, and more shallow udders should improve mastitis resistance.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Genetic correlations among growth, feed, and carcass traits of broiler sire and dam populations.

Genetic correlations based on sire variance and covariance components were estimated for broiler traits. Data were collected from various selected and control strains of sire and dam populations during five generations of selection. Results of analyses of variance for each of the strains within generations and populations were pooled across strains and generations. Correlations between body and carcass weights were all above .8. Weight gain (WG) had similar correlations with these traits with the exception of body weight at 28 days (.57 in site and .69 in dam populations). Body and carcass weights and WG had high correlations with feed consumption (FC) (greater than .7); however, values for feed efficiency (FE) varied: -.58, -.23 for 28-day body weight; -.17, .16 for 42-day body weight; .25, .43 for WG; and .53 in the dam population for carcass weight. Correlations of body and carcass weights and WG with abdominal fat weight (AFW) and percentage (AFP) were generally small to moderate with values being about half as large for AFP as for AFW. Feed consumption and FE were negatively correlated (-.51, -.22) in both populations. In the dam population, FC was positively correlated with AFW and AFP (.42, .55) but FE was negatively correlated with these traits (-.41, -.70). Abdominal fat weight and AFP were highly correlated (.99, .97). Values tended to be similar not only for these populations but also for this and other studies. Simultaneous genetic improvement of growth rate, FE and carcass leanness is feasible in broilers. Selection for WG, FE, and AFP should be effective.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2006

Correlation between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in two rat liver fibrosis models.

AIM: To evaluate serum TIMP-1 level and the correlation between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in immune-induced and CCL4-induced liver fibrosis models in rats. METHODS: Immune-induced and CCL4-induced liver fibrosis models were established by dexamethasone (0.01 mg) and CCL4 respectively. Serum TIMP-1 level was detected with ELISA, while histopathological grade of liver biopsy was evaluated. Spearman rank-correlation test was used to analyse the difference of the correlation between the TIMP-1 expression and hepatic fibrosis in the two fibrosis models. Furthermore, in situ hybridization was used to determine the expression difference of TIMP-1 mRNA in the two models. RESULTS: Positive correlation existed between serum TIMP-1 level of immune induced group and the histopathological stages of fibrosis liver of corresponding rats (Spearman rank-correlation test, r(s) = 0.812, P < 0.05), and the positive in situ hybridization signal of TIMP-1 mRNA was strong. In CCL4-induced liver fibrosis model, the correlation between the serum TIMP-1 level and the severity of hepatic fibrosis was not statistically significant(Spearman rank-correlation test, r(s) = 0.229, P > 0.05). And compared with immune-induced model, the positive in situ hybridization signal of TIMP-1 mRNA was weaker, while the expression variation was higher in hepatic fibrosis of the same severity. CONCLUSION: The correlations between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in two rat liver fibrosis models are different. In immune-induced model, serum TIMP-1 level could reflect the severity of liver fibrosis, while in CCL4-induced model, the correlation between the serum TIMP-1 level and the severity of hepatic fibrosis was not statistically significant.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Correlational cuing as a function of target complexity and target-flanker similarity.

It is generally assumed that the correlational cuing effect (CE) between targets and correlated flankers is due to learning association between the flankers and their correlated responses. The present study challenges this view. Experiment 1 shows that the CE for targets composed of color is eliminated as soon as the correlation is removed. Experiment 2 shows that the CE during training is not due to association of the flankers with responses. Experiment 3 shows that at least some of the CE during training with the correlation is due to repetition priming of the display. Experiment 4 replicates the results of Experiment 1 for orientation targets. In Experiments 5-7, more typical tasks with letter targets are examined, and it is demonstrated that preexperimental similarity between targets and correlated flankers is crucial. The CE for correlated but dissimilar target-flanker pairs, similar to that for color and orientation targets, is confined to on-line processes that occur during training. The CE is transferred, however, for correlated and similar target-flanker pairs. We propose that, at least for the simple stimulus to response mapping used in our study, the CE is not due to learning at all. Instead it is due to (1) on-line processes, such as repetition priming, that occur during training with the correlation and (2) a regular flanker effect (see, e.g., B. A. Eriksen & C. W. Eriksen, 1974) that occurs for similar target-flanker pairs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of Nidek OPD-Scan objective refraction with subjective refraction.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantify how closely the Nidek OPD-Scan objective refraction correlated with subjective refraction. METHODS: A retrospective audit of the preoperative refraction of 80 myopic and myopic astigmatic eyes before laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or laser supepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) was performed. Objective refraction in the 5-mm zone was performed using a Nidek OPD-Scan. Subjective refraction was performed by a senior optometrist. Statistical analysis of sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent refraction measurements was then performed. RESULTS: Spherical measurements correlated well with a linear regression equation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Cylinder measurements correlated less well, with a correlation coefficient of 0.85. Spherical equivalent refraction measurements correlated well, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Analyzing the numerical difference between each objective refraction and its corresponding subjective refraction, the majority of values were only 0.50 D apart for sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent refraction. CONCLUSION: There was good correlation between objective OPD-Scan and subjective refraction, especially for sphere and spherical equivalent refraction measurements, with regression gradients and correlation coefficients close to 1.

Astigmatism↗

PubMed2003

[Correlation between refraction and ocular biometry].

PURPOSE: To study the correlation between subjective refraction and biometry obtained by Orbscan and echography in normal eyes. To compare biometric parameters with the subjective spherical equivalent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjective refraction, biometric parameters using Orbscan, and echography were recorded in 190 normal eyes (including eyes with ametropia) of 95 patients. Biometric parameters (i.e., corneal diameter, anterior chamber depth, central pachymetry, iridocorneal angle, corneal and lens radii of curvature, and axial length of the eye) were compared in different refractive groups and were correlated with the subjective refraction. RESULTS: Corneal biometric parameters did not correlate with the subjective spherical equivalent and showed no differences between the refractive groups except for the central pachymetry. In the high myopic group (<-6D), the central cornea was significantly thinner (531 micro m versus 549 micro m, p=0.016). The correlation between corneal radius and axial length was strong in emmetropic eyes (r(s)=0.63, p<0.001) and poor but significant in ametropic eyes (r(s)=0.28, p=0.002). Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and iridocorneal angle showed significant differences between the refractive groups (p<0.001) and correlated with the subjective spherical equivalent (r(s[[/INF=0.44, p<0.001). Subjective spherical equivalent showed the strongest correlation with the axial length (rs)=0.82, p<0.001). Subjective spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and anterior corneal radius showed a strong correlation between both eyes (rs[[/INF=0.94, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Biometric characteristics of the eye (excluding cornea characteristics) vary with subjective spherical equivalent. Axial length presents the strongest correlation with the subjective spherical equivalent and correlates with the other ocular biometric parameters. Axial length plays a major role in the ocular biometry and refraction.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Manometric and radiologic correlations in achalasia.

Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder distinguished by clinical, radiologic, and manometric features. To evaluate the correlation among these features, we studied 109 achalasia patients. The four most common clinical complaints, the four most commonly encountered radiologic findings, and two manometric parameters were analyzed with a correlation matrix test and a multiple regression analysis. Significant correlation existed among symptoms of dysphagia, regurgitation, and weight loss. In contrast, chest pain inversely correlated with these symptoms. Dysphagia and weight loss significantly correlated with a bird-beak deformity but not with esophageal dilatation or a sigmoid esophagus. Moreover, no significant relationship between lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal dilatation or sphincter pressure and sigmoid esophagus was found. However, in those patients with a resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure greater than 45 mm Hg, a reasonable correlation among clinical, radiologic, and manometric parameters did exist. In conclusion, although in a subset of patients with markedly increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure, a good correlation between clinical, radiologic, and manometric findings exists, such a correlation cannot be established in all of the achalasia patients; esophageal dilatation or a sigmoid esophagus may not be due to a hypertensive sphincter, and their presence must not necessarily be interpreted as an indication of severity of the disease; there is an inverse correlation between chest pain and symptoms of dysphagia, regurgitation, and weight loss; and finally, achalasia and hiatal hernia may coexist in 6% of the patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Determination of reliability of psychometric tests in psychiatry using canonical correlation].

Test results (raw scores) are composed of an unknown true score and an error term. The error term can be estimated by means of test reliability which is defined by the ratio of true variance and obtained variance. Different estimates of reliability either based on single measurements (e.g. Cronbach's coefficient, split half reliability, Kuder Richardson method) or two measurements (test/retest, inter- or intrarater reliability) are available. Parallel test reliability depends on the correlation of two different tests obtained in one session. Canonical correlation methods allow an extension of the parallel test situation and split half technique. Two or more tests are performed in a sample of subjects. Randomized subsets are correlated using canonical correlation technique. The objective of this study is to estimate the homogeneity of test batteries. 94 patients (64 f, 30 m; age: 54-89 ys.) supposed to have dementia were tested using the clocktest (CT, scores: 1-5), MMSE (mini mental state examination) and SKT (Syndrom Kurztest). Four (i, j: 1-4) subsets of 20 patients each were determined by random and the following characteristics were calculated: Empiric correlation coefficient for n = 94 (R), canonical correlation coefficient (Rcan), eigenvalues (EV) and redundancy (Rnd) of corresponding variable sets. The results of canonical analysis showed canonical correlation coefficients in order of 0.8 to 0.9 (p-values < 0.001). This high internal consistency can be interpreted as a measure of reliability of the test batteries. In conclusion, canonical correlation based on parallel tests splitted in subsets gives information on consistency, i.e. reliability, of test batteries in addition to conventional correlation methods.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Genetic and environmental correlation and path coefficient analysis of fruit yield per bush and other traits in black currants (Ribes nigrum L.).

Twenty-five F1 hybrid families of black currants (Ribes nigrum L.) originating from diallel crosses of five cultivars were assessed. Phenotypic correlation coefficient between full-sib family means (rFS), genetic correlation coefficient between full-sib family expected values (rG) and the environmental correlation were estimated on the basis of two years of observations for 12 quantitative characteristics studied. Evident repeatability of correlations in both years was proved. A considerable consistency between the values of genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients was also observed. Coefficients of phenotypic and environmental correlation were significant for many pairs of traits. Most of the significant environmental correlation coefficients were found for the same pairs of characteristics for which phenotypic correlation coefficients were significant. This shows that genetic and environmental factors affected similar traits. Fruit yield expressed the largest number of significant correlations with other traits. Path coefficient analysis indicated that plant and berry size were the main factors influencing directly fruit yield in both years. It was proved that the number and length of one-year-old shoots via bush size had very large indirect effects on fruit yield per plant.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Correlated discharge among cell pairs within the oculomotor horizontal velocity-to-position integrator.

In the oculomotor system, temporal integration of velocity commands into position signals may depend on synaptic feedback among neurons of a bilateral brainstem cell assembly known as the "neural integrator." Both ipsilateral excitatory and contralateral inhibitory projections between eye position-related integrator cells are hypothesized as a substrate for positive feedback supporting integration. Presence of feedback interactions should be evident in cross-correlation functions of neuron pairs. Here, unilateral and bilateral paired recordings were obtained during fixation behavior from neurons in goldfish brainstem area I, a key element of the integrator. During fixations, discharge of most unilateral pairs, composed of cells with eye position sensitivities of the same sign, was positively correlated with lag of 0-10 msec (n = 11 of 14 significant). Typically, a very narrow peak (mean half-width <4 msec) near zero lag was observed. Discharge of bilateral pairs, composed of cells with position sensitivities of the opposite sign, was either negatively correlated with lag of 0-10 msec (n = 5 of 13 significant) or not correlated. Troughs in negative correlations always had minima between 3 and 5 msec lag. These results are consistent with the feedback hypothesis of temporal integration, highlighting excitation unilaterally and inhibition bilaterally. Absence of visual input did not weaken correlations, but other sources of correlated input extrinsic to area I were not ruled out. Triplet recordings revealed that unilateral pairwise correlations were primarily independent. Correlation between unilateral pairs systematically decreased with increasing eye position, demonstrating that synchrony is not necessary for persistent activity at high firing rates.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2004

[Canonical correlation and redundancy analysis on the indices of abdominal ultrasonography of schistosomiasis japonica].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of the ultrasound indices of liver and spleen in schistosomiasis japonica and with infection frequency, infection time and EPG. METHODS: The canonical correlation was applied to analyze the correlation of the hepatosplenic ultrasound indices in schistosomiasis japonica, and the correlation of the ultrasound indices with infection frequency, infection time and EPG. The proportions of variation related to each other in liver and spleen were analyzed by the redundancy analysis. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients of the first pair correlation canonical variable were 0.7842, 0.5483 and 0.5800, 0.4220, respectively, in males and females without infection, males and females with infection history (P<0.01). The correlation coefficients of the first pair correlation canonical variable were 0.6063, 0.5215 and 0.6595, 0.3849, respectively, in male negatives and female negatives, male positives and female positives (P<0.01). In groups of males and females without infection, the variations of liver ultrasound indices related with the variation of spleen ultrasound indices were 43.5% and 17.5% respectively, and in groups infection history, they were 22.1% and 11.4% respectively. In male and female negative groups, the variations of liver ultrasound indices related with the variation of spleen ultrasound indices were 26.8% and 16.8% respectively, and in positive groups, they were 27.6% and 10.7% respectively. The infection frequency, infection time and EPG in the stool-positive groups were not significantly related with the canonical variables of liver and spleen ultrasound indices (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a significant canonical correlation between the liver and spleen ultrasound indices in schistosomiasis japonica, especially in males. In groups with infection history, the infection frequency, infection time and EPG of those stool-positives are not relevant to the canonical variables of liver and spleen ultrasound indices.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Correlation and regression].

Correlation and regression are statistical methods that help us determine interactions of variables. Both are being used in statistical analysis of basic and clinical research. Correlation (r) is a measure of linear relationship between two numerical measurements made on the same set of subjects and it is represented by correlation coefficient. Values of correlation coefficient range between -1 and 1. Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients of correlation are the most often used correlation coefficients. Correlation can be linear and non-linear. We calculate the significance of correlation (P) in an effort to determine significance of correlation coefficient. Regression is a statistical method that allows us to predict values of one variable from another. The simplest regression is linear regression. The success of regression equation is valued by analysis of residuals. Multiple regression is used to predict one variable from several known variables.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between body mass index and blood pressure indices, handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in underweight, normal weight and overweight adolescents.

In the present study, we investigated the correlation between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) indices and indices of physical fitness in apparently healthy subjects aged 14-18 years. We obtained data from 145 (105 males and 40 females) and assessed the correlation between BMI, and heart rate, systolic pressure (SP), diastolic pressure (DP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MP), rate-pressure product, endurance in the 40 mm Hg test, handgrip strength (HGS), and handgrip endurance. Subjects with BMI <18.5 kg/m2, 18.5-25 kg/m2 and >25 kg/m2 were classed as underweight (65 males and 9 females), normal weight (27 males and 20 females), and overweight (13 males and 11 females) respectively. In view of gender differences in autonomic regulation, data of male and female subjects were analyzed separately. We used analysis of variance to compare differences between the three groups. Correlation between BMI and other indices was tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant Both SP and DP were highest in overweight and least in underweight male subjects (P<0.05 for both), whereas in females, differences in DP alone were statistically significant (P<0.05). In underweight male subjects, there was a positive correlation between BMI and SP, DP, PP, MP and HGS (P<0.05 for all). There was a positive correlation between BMI and SP in overweight male subjects (r = 0.5 P = 0.07, n = 13). A positive correlation was observed between BMI and rate-pressure product (r = 0.5, P = 0.45, n = 11) and BMI and HGS (r = 0.6, P = 0.05, n = 11) in overweight females. Our observations indicate that there are gender differences in the correlation between BMI and BP indices especially in underweight and overweight subjects. The observed differences between the three groups and gender differences in correlation between BMI and BP indices may be due to differences in autonomic function and or energy metabolism.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between children's weight and height at medical examination on enrolling in 1st class of primary school and birth growth parameters with parental heights].

Physical growth is permanently influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Their impacts are overlapping, and therefore it is difficult to separate the contribution particularly ascribable to one or another kind of the factors. The study investigated the relation between body weight and height in 397 children (195 girls and 202 boys) enrolling primary school and their birth growth features on the one side, and their parents' heights on the other. The correlations between children's weight and height on enrolling primary school and their birth growth features were also studied. The aim was to examine the proportion of genetic determinacy of children's growth. Mean birth weight and length were 3440 +/- 413 g and 50.50 +/- 2.00 cm, respectively, and mean head circumference was 34.50 +/- 1.20 cm. On entering the primary school, the children were 6.70 +/- 0.30 years of age in average, and had mean body weight and height of 24.60 +/- 5.00 kg and 122.70 +/- 6.15 cm, respectively. Majority of children had both parents with middle or low education level, 285 (71.79%) of them. Majority of children also had both parents employed. 266 (67.00%) of them. Children's height on enrolling the school was in significant positive correlation with birth weight, length and head circumference, and with parents' heights. The correlation coefficient was the highest with father's height (r=0.473, p<0.01), and the lowest with birth weight (r=0.158, p<0.05). Children's weight on enrolling the school significantly positively correlated with the three birth growth features and with father's height, but not with mother's height (r=0.091, p>0.05). The correlation coefficient was the highest for father's height (r=0.288, p<0.01) again. All the birth parameters correlated stronger with mother's than with father's height. In the subgroup of children whose mothers were of equal or greater height than fathers (n=28), correlation coefficient between children's and fathers' heights (r=0.295, p<0.01) was lower than between children's and mothers' heights (r=0.474, p<0.01). In conclusion, children's weight and height at the time of enrolling primary school significantly positively correlates with their parents' heights. The correlations are stronger with father's height. Though, it is not the matter of gender, but of the higher parent. The birth growth parameters are only in part related to parents' heights (all three with mother's and only one with father's height). It is obvious that mothers' influence is dominant for children's growth at that time. There was no significant difference in any examined parameter between subgroups of children divided according to their parents education level and employment status.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Genetic correlation between heifer pregnancy and scrotal circumference measured at 15 and 18 months of age in Nellore cattle.

Data of pregnancy diagnosis from 24,945 Nellore heifers, raised under tropical conditions in Brazil and exposed to breeding at about 14 months of age, were analyzed simultaneously with 13,742 (analysis 1), 36,091 (analysis 2), 8,405 (analysis 3), and 8,405 (analysis 4) scrotal circumference (SC) records of contemporary young bulls in order to estimate heritability (h(2)) for yearling heifer pregnancy (HP) and for SC measured at around 15 (SC15) and 18 (SC18) months of age and to estimate genetic correlation between HP and SC15 (SC18). Heifer pregnancy was considered as a categorical trait, with the value 1 (success) assigned to heifers that were detected as pregnant by rectal palpation approximately 60 days after the end of a 90-day breeding season and the value 0 (failure) otherwise. In analyses 1 and 3, SC was measured at around 15 months of age and in analysis 2 and 4 it was measured at around 18 months of age. Only 8,848 animals from datasets 1 and 2 were common in both files, which means the same animals measured at different ages. Datasets used in analyses 3 and 4 included the same animals, measured at 15 and at 18 months of age, respectively. Heritability estimates for HP were similar in all analyses, with values ranging from 0.66 +/- 0.08 to 0.67 +/- 0.008. For SC15, the estimates were 0.57 +/- 0.05 in analysis 1 and 0.60 +/- 0.07 in analysis 3. For SC18, the estimates were 0.53 +/- 0.03 in analysis 2 and 0.64 +/- 0.06 in analysis 4. The estimates of genetic correlation between HP and SC15 were 0.15 +/- 0.10 in analysis 1 and 0.11 +/- 0.11 in analysis 3. For the correlation between HP and SC18, the values were 0.27 +/- 0.10 in analysis 2 and 0.16 +/- 0.11 in analysis 4. Based on standard errors and confidence intervals, the best heritability and genetic correlation estimates were obtained from analysis 2, which included more data and a better pedigree structure. Pearson correlation between HP and SC breeding values was similar to the genetic correlation estimates obtained from two-trait models, when all animals in the pedigree file were considered for its calculation. If only sires were considered for the calculation, Pearson correlation was higher but the pattern was the same as from two-trait analyses. The high heritability estimates obtained in the present study confirm that expected progeny difference (EPD) for HP can be used to select bulls for the production of precocious daughters and that the low genetic correlation between SC and HP indicates a greater efficacy of selection based on heifer pregnancy EPD than of selection based on scrotal circumference EPD. The results of the present study, although not conclusive, indicate that SC measured at around SC18 would have a higher genetic correlation with HP than would SC measured at around SC15.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

[Correlation between changes in obesity from adolescence to young adulthood and family obesity--the results of cross sectional and longitudinal studies].

We conducted a survey of 356 married couples and their 552 children living in Hisayama in Fukuoka prefecture in order to investigate the correlation between changes in obesity from adolescence to young adulthood. 1. A positive correlation between couples in weight and height could be found, but its coefficient was weak (r = 0.12, 0.10). There was no correlation between couples in BMI. 2. The correlation between parents and their children in height, weight and BMI was significantly positive (r = 0.18, 0.45), having a coefficient greater than that of the correlation between married couples. 3. The correlation coefficient between mother and child was greater than that of the correlation coefficient between father and child. 4. The BMI of a child with either parent obese was significantly greater than that of a child with neither parent obese. Obesity appeared more frequently in children whose BMI of parent was higher. 5. A positive correlation between the BMI of young adults and that of adolescents could be found, and the average BMI of the obesity group was higher than that of the non-obesity group even in the adolescent subjects. 6. Even after considering BMI during adolescence, the familial factor had a significant relationship to the BMI of young adulthood. These results suggest that obesity in adolescence will influence obesity in young adulthood, and that the appearance of obesity strongly correlates with the familial obesity factor. In conclusion, it is very important to take preventative measures, in cooperation with the family, early in a child's adolescent years in order to avoid obesity in adulthood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[An analysis of the correlation between the indices of uterine-placental blood flow and the blood enzymes in pregnant women with high perinatal risk].

The purpose of the present study was to analyse correlation interactions between parameters of uterine-placental blood flow (UPF) and some enzymes of blood of 77 pregnant women with high risk of perinatal pathology, divided into 4 groups. Eleven correlation connections between parameters of blood flow and enzymes of blood were found in the first group of pregnant women without disturbance in UPF. In the pregnant women with a reduction in blood flow in the region of the large uterine-placental vessels there was dissociation of a large part of the aforementioned correlation connections as only 4 ware preserved (26.67%). New correlation connections occurred between oxytocinase and parameters of UPF. We found dissociation of all correlation connections between parameters of UPF and blood enzymes in the third group of pregnant women with a reduction of UPF in the whole uterine-placental blood flow. New correlation connections between alkaline and thermostable phosphatase in parameters of UPF were formed. Ten out of eleven correlation connections dissociated in the four group of pregnant women with a reduction of UPF only in the intervillous space. New correlation connections were formed between parameters of UPF and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. Having in mind the performed analysis of correlation interconnections between parameters of UPF and some blood enzymes we could assume that activation of various enzymic systems, forming links of adaptation-compensatory mechanisms of the placental system, occurs in the development of placental insufficiency.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗