SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Aztreonam”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Aztreonam concentrations in human tissues obtained during thoracic and gynecologic surgery.

The concentrations of aztreonam in human tissues obtained during surgery were measured after a single 2-g intravenous dose. The average concentration in the skeletal muscle, atrial appendage, lung, sternum, pericardial fluid, endometrium, myometrium, fallopian tube, and ovary varied from 3 to 33 micrograms/g (or microgram/ml). These concentrations significantly exceed the MIC for 90% of strains for most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

In vitro activities of combinations of aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia from patients with cystic fibrosis.

The in vitro activities of two-drug combinations of aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime were studied in 96 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in 20 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia from cystic fibrosis patients. Some synergy was observed with each combination used against P. aeruginosa, but synergy was rare when the combinations were used against P. cepacia.

Aztreonam↗

PubMed1990

In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin in combination with ceftazidime, aztreonam, and azlocillin against multiresistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The combinations of ciprofloxacin plus ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin plus aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin plus azlocillin were evaluated for the presence of synergy against multiresistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The frequency of synergy was dependent on antibiotic susceptibilities. If the organism was resistant to ciprofloxacin, synergy was observed in more than 50% of the isolates; however, if the organism was resistant to the beta-lactam (with the exception of ceftazidime), synergy was generally observed in less than 10% of the isolates. Antagonism was not observed with any of the combinations. These results may be helpful in making clinical decisions in treating P. aeruginosa infections.

Azlocillin↗

PubMed2001

Outbreak of cefozopran (penicillin, oral cephems, and aztreonam)-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Japan.

We have previously reported that the Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from clinical failure cases treated with cefdinir and aztreonam, beta-lactams exhibited high MICs. These resistant isolates were clearly separated from the isolates exhibiting a low level of resistance to beta-lactams as shown by the MIC distribution of cefozopran. Restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA typing revealed that the outbreak of cefozopran-resistant isolates in Kitakyushu, Japan, occurred as a result of clonal spread.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Integron-encoded GES-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward aztreonam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain expresses an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, GES-9, which differs from GES-1 by a Gly243Ser substitution, is inhibited by clavulanic acid and imipenem, and hydrolyzes aztreonam. The bla(GES-9) gene was located inside a class 1 integron structure containing two copies of a novel insertion sequence belonging to the IS1111 family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Use of cephalexin-aztreonam-arabinose agar for selective isolation of Enterococcus faecium.

Cephalexin-aztreonam-arabinose agar (CAA), a new selective agar, was examined in comparison with nalidixic acid-colistin agar for the differentiation of Enterococcus faecium from other enterococci and the ability to isolate the organism from feces. Two hundred sixteen enterococcus isolates and a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative control strains were inoculated onto both media. All control strains of E. faecium were easily differentiated from Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus durans on the basis of arabinose fermentation on CAA. Differentiation of E. faecium from other enterococci or Streptococcus bovis was not possible on nalidixic acid-colistin agar. Increased isolation of E. faecium was demonstrated on CAA when both media were compared for the isolation of the organism from feces. CAA has been shown to possess excellent differential and selective features allowing the simple and effective isolation of E. faecium from heavily contaminated sites.

Agar↗

PubMed2001

Improved detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using phenyl mannitol broth containing aztreonam and ceftizoxime.

We tested a phenyl mannitol broth containing ceftizoxime and aztreonam (PHMB(+)) for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with reference MRSA strains and, subsequently, with clinical samples (n = 1,098). All reference MRSA strains induced color change in PHMB(+) after 24 to 72 h of incubation. In a clinical setting, 40 MRSA strains were detected with PHMB(+), compared with only 23 detected with a routine method. Thus, this selective broth significantly (P < 0.001) improved the rate of MRSA detection.

Aztreonam↗

PubMed1985

The activity of ceftazidime compared with those of aztreonam, newer cephalosporins and Sch 29482 against nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.

The activity of ceftazidime was compared with those of aztreonam, newer cephalosporins and Sch 29482 against nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. Ceftazidime was consistently more active (MIC less than or equal to 8 micrograms) against the nonfermenters. Only Flavobacterium odoratum, F. spp., Pseudomonas alcaligenes, P. maltophilia and P. stutzeri demonstrated substantial resistance (MIC90 greater than or equal to 64 micrograms) to ceftazidime. Sch 29482 and ceftriaxone also exhibited good activity (MIC90 less than or equal to 8 micrograms) against many of the nonfermenters. The broad activity of ceftazidime, however, makes it a potentially more useful therapeutic agent against these microorganisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1989

Penetration of monobactam antibiotics (aztreonam, carumonam) into human prostatic tissue.

Concomitant concentrations of monobactam antibiotics were measured in plasma and in prostatic tissue obtained by transurethral resection in 25 patients, 60-120 min after dosage. A 1-gram single intravenous injection of aztreonam or carumonam yielded mean prostatic concentrations of 6.0 mg/kg in 20 patients. Five patients who received a 2-gram dose of carumonam demonstrated average prostatic levels of 10 mg/kg. These concentrations significantly exceed MIC values for most common gram-negative urinary tract pathogens.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Aztreonam in the treatment of gram-negative meningitis and other gram-negative infections.

Ninety patients (41 males, 49 females) with a diagnosis of meningitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), gastroenteritis or other miscellaneous gram-negative infections were enrolled. Their ages ranged from 7 days to 10 years, with a mean age of 4 months. 58 (63%) patients had an etiology confirmed by either positive culture (52; 89%) or latex agglutination (6; 10%). 41 of these patients had meningitis diagnosed by positive CSE culture (38) or by positive CSF latex agglutination (3); 27/41 patients also had positive blood cultures. Aztreonam MIC100 for 27 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, all ampicillin-sensitive, was 0.19 micrograms/ml; 4 Salmonella sp., 1 Neisseria meningitidis and 1 Serratia marcescens isolates were inhibited by 0.19 micrograms/ml, and the MIC100 for 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 Proteus vulgaris and 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were 0.045 and 0.19, 0.022 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aztreonam↗

PubMed1990

Penetration of aztreonam into pleural exudate following rapid intravenous bolus or constant infusion.

A study on the effects of the mode of administration on aztreonam (AZ) concentrations in pleural fluid was performed in human subjects. The same dose of AZ was given as an intravenous bolus injection to one group and as a drip infusion to another group of patients. Serum and pleural fluid samples were collected at different times after drug administration, and the antibiotic concentrations were measured by using a microbiological method. The highest serum and pleural exudate concentrations and area under the curve values were obtained after drip infusion. These results indicate that drip infusion gives higher concentrations of AZ in pleural effusion.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

[The influence of a monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam, and other antibiotics on blood coagulation in vitamin K-deficient rats].

The influence of aztreonam (AZT), a new monobactam antibiotic, on blood coagulation was compared with latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazon (CPZ), cefotetan (CTT) and ampicillin (ABPC). These antibiotics were administered intraperitoneally once a day for 7 days to rats fed a vitamin K-deficient diet. On the 8th day, blood coagulation activity and bacteria in the caecum were observed. 1) One hundred mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of LMOX prolonged the blood coagulation time and decreased normal prothrombin in a dose-dependent manner. CPZ, CTT and ABPC (300 mg/kg each) decreased both of these parameters, but not as much as LMOX did. AZT (300 mg/kg) had no effect on these parameters. 2) Three hundred mg/kg of ABPC and LMOX decreased the viable cell counts of all aerobic G (+), aerobic G (-), and anaerobic bacteria and yeast, while AZT decreased only aerobic G (-) bacteria. These results suggest that AZT may be less likely to induce hypoprothrombinemia than other antibiotics in clinical use.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1991

Aztreonam for treating meningitis caused by gram-negative rods.

10 patients with meningitis due to unusual gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas, Proteus, Salmonella and Klebsiella) were effectively treated with aztreonam. A detailed history and a thorough physical examination combined with careful laboratory testing resulted in accurate diagnosis and cure of all patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of aztreonam against other antibiotics used in urinary tract infections.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection is a very common problem in adults as well as in children. There is always need for the right antibiotic to be chosen for treatment. METHODS: This study was conducted at Microbiology section in Pathology department of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan. In this study the aztronam which is only effective against gram negative bacilli has been compared with other conventionally used antibiotics, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, minocyclin, pipemedic acid, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftriaxon. RESULTS: Total gram negative isolates were 342. Out of this 76.6% (262) were E. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae 14.3% (49), proteus species 5.2%(18) and pseudomonas aeruginosa were 3.8% (13). The aztreonam showed 78% sensitivity against gram negative bacilli which is better than norfloxacin which showed 62.2% sensitivity.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗

PubMed1992

[A randomized controlled study on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in comparison to aztreonam + lincomycin in treating severe infections in patients with malignant tumors or hematological diseases].

A randomized controlled study was conducted to compare effects of imipenem (IPM) (1.0-1.5 g/day) with those of aztreonam (AZT) (4 g/day) +lincomycin (LCM) (1,200-2,400 mg/day) in patients with malignant tumors or hematological diseases and severe infections. A total of 95 patients entered the study between October 1989 and March 1991. Forty-seven patients were treated with IPM and the remaining 48 patients were given AZT+LCM. No statistically significant differences existed in age, sex or underlying diseases between the 2 groups. Overall, the clinical cure rate of the IPM group was 53%; This was significantly higher than the 31% cure rate obtained in the AZT+LCM group (P less than 0.05). The difference was significant in patients whose granulocyte counts were less than 1,000/microliters, but not in those whose granulocyte counts were 1,000/microliters or higher. Side effects were observed in 5 patients given IPM and one given AZT+LCM. In conclusion, no significant differences appeared to exist regarding clinical efficacy and safety between the 2 treatment regimens.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Aztreonam.

Aztreonam is a synthetic monobactam antibiotic that has excellent activity against aerobic gram-negative bacilli. It can be used as a single agent for the treatment of upper urinary tract infections caused by organisms resistant to the cephalosporins and ampicillin. It also can be administered in combination with a drug such as clindamycin for treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease or postoperative pelvic infections.

Aztreonam↗

PubMed1992

[In vitro study on efficacy of combination use of aspoxicillin and beta-lactam preparations (ceftazidime, cefmetazole and aztreonam) against bacteria isolated from abdominal infections].

An in vitro study was done to evaluate combination use of aspoxicillin (ASPC) with each of 3 beta-lactam preparations, ceftazidime (CAZ), cefmetazole (CMZ) and aztreonam (AZT). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. ASPC has strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, while CMZ and CAZ have strong activity against Gram-negative bacteria. 2. Rates of beta-lactamase producing strains among the isolated bacteria (a total of 383 isolates) were 4.4% among Gram-positive bacteria, 71.6% among Gram-negative bacteria and 89.3% among anaerobic bacteria. The overall rate of beta-lactamase secreting strains among all isolates was 46.5%. 3. Efficacies of combination uses were studied using the FIC index. Combination of ASPC and CAZ was effective against 95.0% of the isolates, ASPC and AZT against 85.7%, and ASPC and CMZ against 83.5%. Combination of ASPC and CMZ showed antagonism in 12.8% of the isolates. In conclusion, combination use of ASPC with any one of CMZ, AZT or CAZ proved to be highly effective. In particular, combination of ASPC and CAZ appeared to be the best in view of complementing antibacterial spectra.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMed2006

Erythroderma due to aztreonam and clindamycin.

A 73-year-old woman developed erythroderma with intense pruritus, malaise, and chills 7 days after treatment with intravenous clindamycin. Two years later she experienced a similar reaction with more rapid onset (48 hours) after treatment with aztreonam. Resolution followed withdrawal of treatment in both instances, and intradermal tests proved positive at delayed reading for both drugs.

Aged↗