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Results for “Competency framework”

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PubMed2006

The social-cognitive model of achievement motivation and the 2 x 2 achievement goal framework.

Two studies examined hypotheses drawn from a proposed modification of the social-cognitive model of achievement motivation that centered on the 2 x 2 achievement goal framework. Implicit theories of ability were shown to be direct predictors of performance attainment and intrinsic motivation, and the goals of the 2 x 2 framework were shown to account for these direct relations. Perceived competence was shown to be a direct predictor of achievement goals, not a moderator of relations implicit theory or achievement goal effects. The results highlight the utility of attending to the approach-avoidance distinction in conceptual models of achievement motivation and are fully in line with the hierarchical model of achievement motivation.

Achievement↗

PubMed2006

Global traffic and disease vector dispersal.

The expansion of global air travel and seaborne trade overcomes geographic barriers to insect disease vectors, enabling them to move great distances in short periods of time. Here we apply a coupled human-environment framework to describe the historical spread of Aedes albopictus, a competent mosquito vector of 22 arboviruses in the laboratory. We contrast this dispersal with the relatively unchanged distribution of Anopheles gambiae and examine possible future movements of this malaria vector. We use a comprehensive database of international ship and aircraft traffic movements, combined with climatic information, to remap the global transportation network in terms of disease vector suitability and accessibility. The expansion of the range of Ae. albopictus proved to be surprisingly predictable using this combination of climate and traffic data. Traffic volumes were more than twice as high on shipping routes running from the historical distribution of Ae. albopictus to ports where it has established in comparison with routes to climatically similar ports where it has yet to invade. In contrast, An. gambiae has rarely spread from Africa, which we suggest is partly due to the low volume of sea traffic from the continent and, until very recently, a European destination for most flights.

Aedes↗

PubMed1995

Security of attachment in 8-12-year-olds: a revised version of the Separation Anxiety Test, its psychometric properties and clinical interpretation.

This study examined the reliability and validity of an adapted version of the Separation Anxiety Test (SAT) for 8-12-year-old children. Clinical (N = 21) and nonclinical (N = 21) participants were compared on responses to the SAT coded using the Seattle scoring indices. Inter-rater reliability was established at an acceptable level, however, test-retest reliability and internal test construction were less satisfactory. Sample comparisons found the clinical participants described themselves as less securely attached and more avoidant of emotional expression than the control participants. The indices of attachment security were also related to various socioemotional aspects of functioning. In addition, the results indicated that describing "self" as different from a similar "other" child was significantly related to parental reports of poor social competence. Results are discussed in relation to an Attachment Theory framework as well as from a clinical perspective.

Anxiety, Separation↗

PubMed2004

Nurse prescribing: a case for clinical supervision.

This article will discuss the implications of nurse prescribing in mainstream primary health care and its impact on the fields of mental health and learning disabilities. Complexities and issues which require serious consideration by those nurses wishing to pursue such a specialist and extended role will be discussed in relation to these practice areas. Titchen's (1998) critical companionship model will be illustrated as an example of one framework for clinical supervision. This is to allow the processes, competencies and contextual issues to be explored by both novice and expert prescribers. The article concludes that for safe, effective and competency-based practice, clinical supervision also assists in mediating the professional and political aspirations in support of supplementary nurse prescribing.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2005

The effect of peer collaboration on children's problem-solving ability.

BACKGROUND: A Vygotskian framework links cognitive change to collaborative interaction with a more competent partner whereas a Piagetian perspective supports the view that cognitive conflict arising from peer interaction leads to cognitive change. AIMS: The study investigated the effect of collaborative learning on children's problem-solving ability and whether differences in knowledge status or the use of explanatory language were contributing factors. SAMPLE: Participants were 100 Year 2 children (aged between 6 and 7 years), from schools in high socio-economic areas, who individually completed a pre- and post-test comprising a block sorting task. METHOD: During the experimental phase, children completed a card sorting activity, either individually or in same-gender dyads. The dyads consisted of same or different ability children who operated under either a 'talk' or 'no-talk' condition. RESULTS: It was found that children who collaborated collectively obtained a significantly higher number of correct sorts than children who worked individually. However, post-testing indicated that only those children of lower sorting ability who collaborated with higher sorting ability peers showed a significant improvement in sorting ability from pre-test scores. In addition, it was found that when analysis was limited to this particular group, only those children who were required to explain the sort for their partner to carry out improved significantly from pre- to post-test. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that perhaps the two theoretical positions are not as mutually exclusive as they are often portrayed. Implications of these findings for teachers and children's learning are also discussed.

Child↗

PubMed1992

Independent studies program in the basic sciences. A curricular innovation.

The Independent Studies Program was initiated at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine during the early months of 1987, and it has achieved continued success and acceptance from the administration, faculty, and students. The program emphasizes competence as the constant within a relatively time-independent framework. This paper presents, in a longitudinal fashion, the Independent Studies Program as a program model that combines criterion-referencing concepts, mastery-based learning combinations, and self-learning strategies. As a result, students have taken the initiative for diagnosing their learning needs, formulating their learning goals, identifying their human and material resources, and evaluating their learning outcomes.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2001

History of medical ethics and perspectives on disparities in minority recruitment and involvement in health research.

The legitimate and successful recruitment of minorities as research participants in clinical trials should be addressed from an ethical and historical perspective. To gain an appreciation of the challenges, to develop strategies and to overcome the disparities of minority involvement in clinic trials, it is essential to be cognizant of previous violations and abuses of ethics and human rights. Also significant are major legislation, regulations and federal initiatives that resulted from those abuses. From history, we have learned we cannot generalize data and assume that, if we have the majority group in clinical trials, then we can accurately apply that data to minorities. There are cultural and environmental differences; thus, it is absolutely crucial that researchers approach recruitment of minority groups with cultural competence and cultural sensitivity. Federal regulations and legislation set the framework for protection of human participants in research.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2001

History of medical ethics and perspectives on disparities in minority recruitment and involvement in health research.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychosocial guidance of nursing home personnel by group therapy. Basic considerations and initial experience].

Support groups for those professional caregivers who work in homes for the aged are seldom. Focussing on occupational stressors in this profession and the burnout research as a conceptual framework, a support group is introduced. To sustain the social competence and the coping skills of the caregivers are the basic aims of this group. Based on role taking and psychodrama as intervention techniques, outcomes from this group are discussed. Recommendations for future groups as a support system for caregivers in homes for the aged are derived.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

An international comparison of information in adverse events.

PURPOSE: Aims to describe the growing importance of information and its governance within public services. The paper starts by considering how scandals in three national public health systems have focused public attention on information issues. It describes a theoretical framework for improving information governance, and its practical implementation as a management tool. The paper concludes with a discussion of the benefits of the approach, and the consequences of not improving information governance. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The framework brings together a number of existing methodological approaches, principally the maturity model approach to process improvement, first described in the Software Engineering Institute's capability maturity model, and the novice-to-expert approach to competency. FINDINGS: The paper describes how these approaches can be synthesised into an integrated framework to manage organisational change and how that can be used to improve information governance within public sector organisations. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS: The paper compares the framework and its practical implementation with existing solutions, arguing that existing solutions provide only partial solutions. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Considers how plans for future service improvements will be restricted unless information governance issues can be addressed.

Australia↗

PubMed2026

Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Competency Determines Sensitivity to KIF18A Inhibition in Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by pervasive chromosomal instability (CIN) and remains largely refractory to targeted therapies. KIF18A, a motor protein that regulates chromosome alignment during mitosis, has emerged as a selective dependency in CIN-high tumors. Whether this dependency extends to SCLC, a prototypical CIN-high cancer, has not been established, and biomarkers predicting response to KIF18A inhibition, currently in clinical trials, are lacking. METHODS: We integrated analyses of patient tumor datasets, neuroendocrine (NE) and non- NE SCLC cell lines, and functional perturbation models to define the determinants of response to KIF18A inhibition. Chromosomal instability metrics, transcriptional programs, mitotic dynamics, and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) function were assessed using genomic profiling, live-cell imaging, genetic perturbation, and pharmacologic inhibition. RESULTS: KIF18A expression was elevated in SCLC tumors and correlated with CIN-associated transcriptional programs, proliferative markers, and NE status; however, these features did not predict sensitivity to KIF18A inhibition. Instead, response was determined by the functional integrity of the SAC. SAC-proficient SCLC cells underwent sustained mitotic arrest followed by apoptotic cell death upon KIF18A inhibition, whereas SAC-defective cells failed to maintain checkpoint activation and survived. Mechanistically, resistant cells exhibited impaired kinetochore recruitment of core SAC components, including MAD1 and BUBR1. Importantly, transient induction of acute CIN through MPS1 inhibition partially restored sensitivity to KIF18A inhibition in resistant models. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first mechanistic characterization of KIF18A dependency in SCLC, identifying SAC competency as the primary determinant of response. These findings establish a biologically informed framework for patient stratification and rational combination strategies. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with few effective targeted therapies and marked chromosomal instability. KIF18A has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in genomically unstable cancers, but biomarkers predicting response to KIF18A inhibition are lacking. We demonstrate that sensitivity to KIF18A inhibition in SCLC is determined not by KIF18A expression, neuroendocrine subtype, or baseline chromosomal instability, but by the functional integrity of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). SCLC cells with intact SAC signaling undergo sustained mitotic arrest and apoptosis upon KIF18A inhibition, whereas SAC-defective cells bypass checkpoint activation and survive aberrant mitosis. Notably, transient induction of acute chromosomal instability through MPS1 inhibition partially restores sensitivity in resistant models. Together, these findings identify mitotic checkpoint competency as a mechanistic determinant and candidate predictive biomarker for KIF18A-targeted therapies, providing a biologically informed framework for patient stratification and rational combination strategies relevant to ongoing KIF18A inhibitor clinical trials.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1995

A new conotoxin affecting sodium current inactivation interacts with the delta-conotoxin receptor site.

We describe a new peptide conotoxin affecting sodium current inactivation, that competes on binding with delta-conotoxin TxVIA (delta TxVIA). The amino acid sequence of the new toxin, designated conotoxin NgVIA (NgVIA), is SKCFSOGTFCGIKOGLCCSVRCFSLFCISFE (where O is trans-4-hydroxyproline). The primary structure of NgVIA has an identical cysteine framework and similar hydrophobicity as delta TxVIA but differs in its net charge. NgVIA competes with delta TxVIA on binding to rat brain synaptosomes and molluscan central nervous system and strongly inhibits sodium current inactivation in snail neurons, as does delta TxVIA. In contrast to delta TxVIA, NgVIA is a potent paralytic toxin in vertebrate systems, its binding appears to be voltage-dependent, and it synergically increases veratridine-induced sodium influx to rat brain synaptosomes. delta TxVIA acts as a partial antagonist to NgVIA in rat brain in vivo. NgVIA appears to act via a receptor site distinct from that of delta TxVIA but similar to that of Conus striatus toxin. This new toxin provides a lead for structure-function relationship studies in the delta-conotoxins and will enable analysis of the functional significance of this complex of receptor sites in gating mechanisms of sodium channels.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2026

Advancing nursing education through social and emotional learning: A systematic review guided by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework.

BACKGROUND: With Generation Z entering the nursing workforce in growing numbers, strengthening social and emotional learning is critical for academic success, professional adaptation, and safe practice. However, the existing evidence remains fragmented because of varied interventions and inconsistent approaches. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review examined (1) the social and emotional learning essential for nursing students and nurses within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, (2) their impact on educational and clinical outcomes, and (3) implications for advancing nursing education and practice. METHODS: Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, five international (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane) and three Korean (RISS, KoreaMed, KMBASE) databases were searched up to June 2025. Eighteen studies involving 2,952 participants met the inclusion criteria, including quasi-experimental quantitative studies, descriptive quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and mixed-methods studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, relationship skills and self-management were the most frequently studied competencies, emphasizing teamwork, communication, and stress regulation. Self-awareness and social awareness were underexplored, despite their importance in empathy, resilience, and reflective practice. Responsible decision-making was the least studied competency, despite its importance in ethical reasoning. Social and emotional learning was consistently associated with enhanced adaptation, communication, leadership, relationships, and clinical performance. Effective strategies included blended learning, simulation, reflective activities, and mentorship, which are aligned with Generation Z's learning preferences. CONCLUSION: Although social and emotional learning integration is associated with improvements in educational and clinical outcomes in nursing, current research has largely centered on relational and stress-related competencies while underrepresenting responsible decision-making. To cultivate reflective, empathetic, and ethically grounded nurses, curricula should integrate social and emotional learning through a balanced and structured approach. REGISTRATION: This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251005683).

Humans↗

PubMed2001

Education in practice: the United Kingdom experience.

Health care leaders, government agencies, and professional nursing associations all understand that rethinking existing delivery strategies is part of the strategic approach to workforce planning. In the United Kingdom, the demand for nurses is great and the supply inadequate. The potential for a public health crisis is challenging the way the United Kingdom educates and positions nurses within the health care industry. This article reviews past efforts and current strategies in workforce characteristics, age, educational mix, competencies, career goals, and future plans to ensure adequate nurses to care for the health needs of the people residing in the United Kingdom. The activities of the National Association of Theatre Nurses in promoting dialogue around this issue and fostering collaborative initiatives are presented in a framework of efforts designed to benefit all.

Competency-Based Education↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The contribution of clinical phonetics to the investigation of oracy problems in the classroom.

This paper explains how insights from clinical linguistics can be applied to the investigation of oracy problems in the classroom. While the importance of oracy skills at school and beyond is undisputed, there is often a lack of conveniently manageable frameworks for assessing these skills. It is suggested here that methods from phonetics and phonology can be easily and profitably adopted into routine language profiling in schools and that they offer one means of uncovering potential speech difficulties in children. Two main areas are addressed: speech acquisition and speech production skills. The main focus is on the assessment of oracy in the UK, although the role of assessment in US Curriculum Framework is also considered.

Competency-Based Education↗

PubMed1997

Feminism: a path to clinical knowledge development.

Nurses are under increasing pressure to defend the efficacy, value and cost benefits of professional nursing care. Now more than ever, there is a need for nurses to undertake quality clinical research, through which practice may be shaped and guided. Feminist theory can provide a lens through which nurses may explore clinical issues. It also provides a framework by which socially constructed differences, such as gender and culture, may be incorporated into the design of clinical research projects. Because feminism is an openly political and transformative process, feminist concepts are suitable for use where the aim of the research is to catalyse practice change. This paper explores the use of feminism as a theoretical framework for nursing research.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1981

Hemispheres as independent resource systems: limited-capacity processing and cerebral specialization.

In this article, we develop as framework for understanding how cerebral specialization of function contributes to the flexibility of human information processing. We propose that the left and right hemispheres together form a system of two mutually inaccessible and finite pools of resources. Further, we propose that these two types of resources cannot be made available in different amounts at any given time. This framework is essentially a special case of a multiple-resources model of limited-capacity information processing. It accounts for a broad range of data from experiments involving perceptual and cognitive information processing, control of motor performance, and changes in electrical activity of the brain. It also provides insights into why the cerebral specialization literature has been plagued with problems that have made theorizing so difficult. In addition, the theory provides insights into mechanisms that might be responsible for patterns of task interference that are not easily handled by an information-processing model in which processes compete for supplies from a single pool of undifferentiated resources. Thus, the framework we are proposing has important theoretical and methodological implications for researchers in both divided attention and cerebral specialization.

Attention↗

PubMed2002

Bias in association studies resulting from gene-environment interactions and competing risks.

The etiology, particularly the genetic basis, of multifactorial late-onset diseases is the subject of many genetic epidemiologic studies. The authors' aim in this paper was to investigate the circumstances under which competing risks can lead to bias in studies of genetic susceptibility to late-onset diseases. The authors used a model built in an epidemiologic framework to show that when a genetic risk factor and an environmental risk factor interact to cause a frequent competing risk of death, the measure of the association between the disease under investigation and the genetic risk factor will be biased if the environmental risk factor is also associated with the latter disease and is omitted from the analysis. This is an example of confounding bias, and it is the consequence of an association between the genetic risk factor and the environmental risk factor that appears over time. Numerical examples show that under certain conditions this bias can be substantial. The authors present several patterns of association in favor of such a bias. Because competing risks of death are likely to be present in older subjects, researchers studying the etiology of late-onset diseases should be aware of the possibility of this bias.

Bias↗