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PubMedDate not supplied

Providing culturally competent health services for ethnic minorities.

This article discusses the findings of a scholarship project aimed at gaining an understanding of the health needs of African and Caribbean older people and determining how these service-users perceive their needs are being met. It found that while practitioners were generally keen to provide a culturally appropriate service, some users thought their knowledge, attitudes and skills, particularly in communication, were a major source of concern.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Racial/ethnic diversity management and cultural competency: the case of Pennsylvania hospitals.

Major demographic trends are changing the face of America's labor pool, and healthcare managers increasingly face a scarcer and more diverse workforce. As a result, healthcare organizations (HCOs) must develop policies and practices aimed at recruiting, retaining, and managing a diverse workforce and must meet the demands of a more diverse patient population by providing culturally appropriate care and improving access to care for racial/ethnic minorities. Ultimately, the goal of managing diversity is to enhance workforce and customer satisfaction, to improve communication among members of the workforce, and to further improve organizational performance. Research on diversity management practices in HCOs is scarce, providing few guidelines for practitioners. This study attempted to close that gap. Results show that hospitals in Pennsylvania have been relatively inactive with employing diversity management practices, and equal employment requirements are the main driver of diversity management policy. The number and scope of diversity management practices used were not influenced by organizational or market characteristics. The results suggest that hospitals need to adopt diversity management practices for their workforces and need to pay particular attention to marketing and service planning activities that meet the needs of a diverse patient population.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed2003

A research-based didactic model for education to promote culturally competent nursing care in Sweden.

As Sweden changes toward a multicultural society, scientific knowledge of transcultural nursing care becomes increasingly important. Earlier studies in Swedish nursing education have demonstrated a lack of knowledge base in transcultural nursing. Through an extensive review of the literature, a didactic model was developed to help facilitate the establishment of this body of knowledge in transcultural nursing. The article demonstrates how the model applies the content and structure of Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality and ethnonursing method in a 3-year nursing program in theory as well as clinical education. The model includes a written guide for faculty members, with references to scientific articles and documents to be used.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed2001

Cultural competence in New Zealand and Canada: occupational therapy students' reflections on class and fieldwork curriculum.

The first year of a twin study undertaken between two occupational therapy programs in Canada and New Zealand is described. The primary aims of the study were to illuminate the lived experiences of students as they learn about cultural difference and had contact with clients of differing cultural backgrounds to themselves during fieldwork placements. While there are similarities between educational programs and the demographic profiles of the two cohorts of students, there are curricular differences primarily based on the described socio-political content of the two countries; Aotearoa/New Zealand as a bicultural society and Canada as multicultural. The paper discusses how these cultural differences interweave with other aspects of the students' educational program, as perceived and experienced by the students. Narrative data was thematically analyzed to reflect the experiences and the attendant thoughts and feelings of the participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Meaning of filial piety in the Chinese parent-child relationship: implications for culturally competent health care.

To work with Chinese/Chinese-American clients more effectively, health care providers must know how to work with them within their value system of filial piety. This paper focuses on Chinese parent-child relationships with respect to this value system from the perspective of young adult Chinese immigrants in the United States. Using an ethnographic approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with six immigrants from Taiwan. Domain analysis and content analysis revealed ten domains, five of which are reported in this paper. The findings suggest that filial piety continues to operate in Chinese immigrant families. Implications for cross-cultural health care and research are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Culturally competent care for Latino elders in long-term care settings.

The decision to place a family member in a long-term care (LTC) facility results in a variety of experiences for families. The experience of Latino families can be particularly problematic for the different relatives involved in the process. Placing a loved one in an LTC facility goes against cultural norms for Hispanic families that can lead to problems for both the family and the facility staff. Information about the cultural norms that are violated along with ways that the care providers and administrative staff can make adjustments in the environment to assist these residents will improve outcomes and meet the needs of diverse health care consumers.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Designing for diversity: incorporating cultural competence in prevention programs for urban youth.

Low-income urban youth of color frequently confront a wide variety of challenges and hardships that other young people never experience. The offering of prevention programs represents one strategy to help urban youth avoid the risks associated with substance abuse. In this chapter, an alternative program strategy is posited-one that places diversity with respect to culture, class, and environment at the center of prevention efforts. Such an approach, the authors argue, is more effective not only in appealing to the sensibilities of urban youth but also in altering their behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A culturally competent asthma management intervention: a randomized controlled pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Despite significant medical advances, many ethnic and racial minority children who live in inner cities continue to experience disproportionately high levels of asthma morbidity and mortality compared with white children. As a result, a growing number of psychosocial asthma management interventions are being developed to address their needs; however, only a few of these interventions have incorporated cultural variables into their treatments and have had their efficacy evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of the Multifamily Asthma Group Treatment (MFAGT), designed to enhance asthma management and reduce emergency department (ED) visits among African American and Hispanic families. METHODS: Twenty-four African American and Hispanic families who have children with asthma were randomly assigned to either the MFAGT or the Standard Psychoeducational Asthma Intervention. Differences in the number of ED visits and the level of asthma management in both groups were compared 1 year before and 1 year after the intervention. In addition, these groups were contrasted to a control group that did not receive any psychoeducational intervention. RESULTS: The MFAGT was significantly (P = .04) more effective than the Standard Psychoeducational Asthma Intervention and the control in decreasing ED visits and increasing parental asthma knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that the MFAGT is efficacious in enhancing asthma management and in reducing ED visits in inner-city African American and Hispanic children from a lower socioeconomic background.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A teaching method for multicultural assessment: psychological report contents and cultural competence.

An earlier training model emphasized systematic feedback on accuracy of concepts contained in student assessment reports prepared with common data sets from standard tests. This feedback resulted in consistent increments in concept agreements between reports prepared by students and more experienced assessors. This model was applied in courses with multicultural students by contrasting standard and multicultural assessment and using data sets from multicultural assessees. These students experienced greater difficulty in demonstrating consistent increments of agreement in report concepts due to uneven knowledge of specific cultures, inapplicability of available norms, and interpretation issues. The effectiveness of combining standard and multicultural training should be compared with conventional standard training followed by culturally focused specialized assessment courses.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cultural competence: cardiovascular medications.

Interethnic or racial differences are associated with enzyme polymorphisms, which are tiny variations in individuals in the physiology, absence, or presence of drug-metabolizing enzymes. The largest class of cardiovascular drugs investigated in pharmacogenetic studies is the antihypertensives. A number of studies have examined the best choices of antihypertensives for individuals within selected racial and ethnically defined populations. There is a fairly strong consensus about the pattern of antihypertensive treatment for black patients, but clear treatment directives for antihypertensive patients with other cultural affiliations have not emerged. Less information is reported about racial, ethnic, or cultural differences in effectiveness for other cardiovascular drugs. Nurses should consider whether the ethnic or racial affiliation of the patient places him or her more at risk for impaired drug metabolism. This article contains a guide for nursing assessment of culturally important factors related to polymorphisms.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1998

Towards culturally competent health care: language use of bilingual staff.

The presence of diverse language skills within health staff provides opportunities to better meet the needs of a multicultural population. A cross-sectional survey of all staff within the South Western Sydney Area Health Service was undertaken to compare language skills with population needs and examine the context of language use. Thirty-one per cent of staff (n = 964) were bilingual or multilingual, with the predominant languages spoken being Tagalog (Filipino), Cantonese, Hindi, Spanish, Vietnamese and Italian. Thirty-seven per cent of bilingual staff used their language skills at least weekly, predominantly in situations of simple conversation and giving directions. Bilingual staff are a valuable resource for the organisation and the presence of a similar overall proportion of bilingual and bicultural staff may engender tolerance and adaptability in providing care to a diverse population. However, supply does not directly match community demand. This mismatch will continue unless recruitment is focused towards identified language groups. The high proportion of staff who rarely used their language skills (37%) may be due to lack of opportunity or limited need, and suggests that further research needs to examine service models that locate bilingual workers close to client need. This study takes a crucial first step towards realising equitable and culturally appropriate care utilising the principles of productive diversity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressing toward a more culturally competent approach to dental care for African American elders.

This study was conducted to understand perceptions that may influence oral self-care behaviors among elderly African American adults living in an urban community. Four focus groups at two senior centers were recruited, involving a total of 25 participants. Content analysis and ethnographic summaries were used to identify themes, common concepts and language. The results indicated that although the participants recognized the advantages of routine brushing, the importance of keeping teeth clean to prevent gum disease was not widely acknowledged. On the basis of these focus groups, the authors suggest that health promotion approaches for adults who are elderly should be linked to the audience's cultural norms and perceptions regarding the benefits of oral hygiene practices.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2004

How changes in population demographics will impact health psychology: incorporating a broader notion of cultural competence into the field.

U.S. population demographics are undergoing striking changes that will impact health care and the research and practice of health psychology. An increase in the number of people who are older; belong to an ethnic minority group; have disabilities; identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered; or live in poverty will influence definitions of aging, health, and illness, and will challenge current psychological and medical treatment models. The authors argue that health psychologists need to become context competent for the field to be relevant and viable over the course of this new century. Health psychologists need to become aware of the multiple, overlapping contexts in which people live and apply this knowledge on a regular basis to research, practice, education and training, and policy in health psychology.

Behavioral Medicine↗