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PubMed1977

Pulpal response to a new visible light-cured composite restorative material: Fotofil.

A new visible light-cured composite resin, Fotofil, has been developed for the esthetic restoration of anterior teeth. The pulpal responses elicited by this material in unlined cavities and cavities lined with Dycal were compared with those elicited by a negative control consisting of modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement Notebec and a silicate cement Syntrex. The pulpal responses were evaluated in the permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors in vervet monkeys using labial Claterial in each monkey. Groups of 10 monkeys were killed at intervals of 2 days, and 2 and 8 weeks after restoration of the teeth. The most severe pulpal responses were elicited by the unlined Fotofil and Syntrex restorations at all three time intervals. The Dycal lined Fotofil restorations elicited a milder pulp response than the Nobetec at 2 days and 2 weeks. No pulpal response was elicited by the latter two materials at 8 weeks. These results clearly showed that Fotofil and Syntrex are irritant to the dental pulp up to 8 weeks. The placement of a Dycal liner beneath Fotofil restorations reduced the pulpal irritation elicited by this material to levels which were lower than those elicited by the Nobetec control at 2 days and 2 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Handling of mechanical stresses in composite restorations.

The origin of stress in adhesive resin composite restorations is attributed to restrained shrinkage during polymerization and is dependent on the configuration of the restoration. Moreover, non-homogeneous deformations during functional loading can damage the interface as well as the coherence of the material. Damage from these stresses can be reduced by application of an elastic lining at the adhesive interfaces and by slowing the initial conversion by two-step light initiation of the resin. The various factors that mediate flow and compliance are discussed.

Composite Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulpal response to a new light-cured composite placed in etched glass-ionomer lined cavities.

This study evaluated the pulp biocompatability of a new light-cured composite resin which was placed in etched glass-ionomer-lined cavities of monkey teeth. The pulpal response to this material was less than that to zinc-oxide eugenol cement in each observation period. Therefore this material seems to meet acceptable biocompatability standards in nonhuman primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of lining materials and a new concept for lining: alpha-TCP cement or visible light curing calcium hydroxide composition in composite resin restoration.

Histological studies on the effect of lining methods using a alpha-TCP (TC) and a VLC Dycal (LD) were reported previously. In this report, SEM and electron-probe microanalyzer observations were utilized to determine the effects of lining methods. SEM observations were made on longitudinal sections prepared by a freeze fracture method, using 30 vital dog teeth and 5 vital human teeth. In the LD group, several kinds of crystal growth were seen on surfaces of the material and dentinal wall. In the TC group, the exfoliated space area filled up with rod-shaped crystals. An electron-probe microanalyzer was employed to examine the crystal elements observed in the interface or the exfoliated space area. Our findings indicated that lining appeared to fill the gaps with crystal growth, block stimuli which result from bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules, and reinforce the superficial dentinal zone.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1995

Influence of the restorative technique and new adhesives on the dentin marginal seal and adaptation of resin composite Class II restorations: an in vitro evaluation.

The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation and seal of direct and indirect (inlay) Class II resin composite restorations made with Z100/Scotchbond MP or Herculite/Optibond. The quality of margins in dentin was assessed for restorations made with or without a lining of glass-ionomer cement or resin-modified glass-ionomer material. The restored teeth were submitted to thermocycling and then to replication for scanning electron microscopic observation and to a dye infiltration test. In the present test conditions, the inlay technique proved its superiority over the direct restorative method. The quality of the dentinal margin of restorations made with Z100/Scotchbond MP appeared also slightly better. Both the glass-ionomer cement and the resin-modified glass-ionomer material, when applied as a lining, increased leakage and downgraded marginal adaptation. The full bonding with modern adhesives appeared to be the most efficient way to enhance the marginal quality of both direct and indirect restorations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Experimental study on the biocompatibility of lining cements based on glass ionomer as compared with calcium hydroxide.

An in vitro study with cultured fibroblast-like cells of the pulp was used to assess the biological tolerance of three lining cements based on glass ionomers and two hard liners containing calcium hydroxide. The results indicate that strong cytotoxic components of all g.-i. lining cements tested can be eluted even after hardening for 48 hours. In contrast, the two liners based on calcium hydroxide proved to be of greater biocompatibility after the same hardening period. Therefore, use of calcium hydroxide liners is recommended for placement in deep cavities near the pulp.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Microleakage of Class V composite, resin sandwich, and resin-modified glass ionomers.

PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro the extent of microleakage of Class V cavities restored with composite, and resin-modified glass ionomers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities were prepared in 35 extracted teeth and randomly divided into seven groups of five teeth each (10 restorations in each group). Group 1: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Adhesive (SMP) and restored with Z100 resin placed with an incremental technique, Group 2: Lined with GC Fuji lining LC and restored with SMP and Z100. Group 3: Based with Fuji II light-cured glass ionomer restorative and restored with SMP and Z100. Group 4: Lined with Vitrebond and restored with SMP and Z100. Group 5: Based with Vitremer and restored with SMP and Z100. Group 6: Restored with Fuji II LC. Group 7: Restored with Vitremer. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling, stained with silver nitrate, then longitudinally sectioned. Dye penetration at the tissue/restoration interface was scored based upon the extent and location of the precipitated silver. RESULTS: All groups demonstrated minimal or no microleakage at both the enamel and gingival sites.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1979

[Animal experimental short and long-term study of a calcium hydroxide line].

Thirty-two cavities (class 5) out of total of 64 were coated either with the test substance Hydroxyline or with the control substance Dycal and closed with the standard compound Adaptic. Statistical analysis of seven criteria evaluated histologically (rating: 0-3) revealed no significant differences between the tested characteristics of the control substance Dycal and Hydroxyline in either the short-term or the long-term study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Finite element stress analysis of a class I amalgam restoration subjected to setting and thermal expansion.

Stress analyses are presented for a second mandibular premolar with a class 1 amalgam restoration. The effects of amalgam setting and thermal expansions are examined. An axisymmetric representation of the structure is used and the analyses are carried out by the finite element method. Lined and unlined restorations are compared with regard to the principal stresses set up in the composite structures and also the patterns of deformation incurred. The effects of various enamel and dentin stiffness combinations are also considered.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

A rationale for use of bases with amalgam restorations.

New lining materials has been developed from calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide-eugenol and glass ionomers. This provides the dental practitioner with a wide choice of materials to use for protection of the pulpodentinal complex. In this paper their characteristics are reviewed and recommendations are made for their use.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1989

[A new lining material, B-tricalcium phosphate MG substitute].

Powder of not-sintered beta-tricalcium phosphate granules was used as capping material in deep cavities of monkey and human teeth. The authors have demonstrated by SEM with E-DAX the dispersion of beta-TCP in the dentinal tubules and in predentin. Histological sections didn't show any inflammation or degeneration of the pulp.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Adhesion and tooth-colored restoratives.

Research aimed at developing durable adhesion between esthetic restorative materials and tooth surfaces has been progressing for over 35 years. Inherent deficiencies in many esthetic materials have directed research toward new adhesive agents and modifications in application techniques. Overcoming these deficiencies has been difficult and many questions remain despite encouraging developments. A new generation of resin dentin-bonding agents has surfaced and may further adhesive efforts with modern composite resins. The glass-ionomer cement continues to establish itself as a valuable adhesive direct restorative material. Recent advances in glass-ionomer technology have given rise to new lining materials that may also complement composite resin behavior. The use of dentin conditioners or pretreatments has been explored and may enhance the adhesion of esthetic restoratives as well. Finally, a better understanding of application techniques and of the tooth surface itself may offer new insights into developing more stable adhesion with esthetic restorative materials.

Composite Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of lining materials on shear bond strength of amalgam and gallium alloy restorations.

In this in vitro study, where alloys were condensed into unset paste lining materials, shear bond strengths were significantly greater than with the unlined controls. The use of varnish or Paama 2 linings did not significantly increase the shear bond strength of amalgam or gallium alloy restorations. The use of Vitrabond, Vitremer, or Resinomer liners significantly increased the shear bond strength compared to unlined restorations. Permite C restorations lined with Resinomer all showed cohesive failure within the mixed alloy/ liner. Of the unlined restorations, Permite C had significantly higher shear bond strength than Lojic Plus. The experimental method used in the present study proved to be suitable for quantitative comparison of the shear bond strength of different dental materials.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Microleakage of amalgam restorations using dentin bonding system primers.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare in vitro microleakage of etched and non-etched Class I amalgam restorations lined with various dentin bonding system primers to amalgam restorations with or without a Copalite liner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class I amalgam preparations were made in 140 extracted molars and divided into 14 groups of 10 teeth each. Permite C dispersed phase alloy restorations were placed after the following treatments: Group 1: No liner; Group 2: Lined with two coats of Copalite; Group 3(A): Lined with Amalgambond AA and 3(B): Etched with 35% Ultra-etch and lined with Amalgambond AA; Group 4(A): Lined with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Primer and 4(B): Etched and lined with the primer; Group 5(A): Lined with ProBond and 5(B): Etched and lined with the primer; Group 6(A): Lined with All-Bond 2 Primer A & B and 6(B): Etched and lined with the primer; Group 7(A): Lined with OptiBond and 7(B): Etched and lined with the primer; Group 8(A): Lined with Permagen Primer and 8(B): Etched and lined with the primer. All primers were applied per manufacturers' specifications. After storage in water for 24 hours, all restorations were polished and then aged in water at 37 degrees C for 90 days. The specimens were then thermocycled for 300 cycles at 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C in basic fuchsin dye with a 30-second dwell time, mounted in epoxy rings, sectioned longitudinally, mesiodistally and buccolingually into four sections, then evaluated at x100 and the extent of dye penetration at the tooth/amalgam interface scored (two scores for each section, eight for each specimen). RESULTS: The unlined and Copalite-lined groups and all non-etched groups showed considerable marginal leakage. All the etched restorations were significantly more effective in reducing microleakage than the non-etched, no liner and Copalite-lined groups. Etching prior to application of the primers is significantly more effective than nonetching, however the effectiveness of the primer alone to seal the dentin needs to be evaluated. Overall, Amalgam-bond AA had the least microleakage of all the groups.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1980

Fluoride uptake by cavity walls following application of Duraphat around amalgam restorations.

This study aimed to assess possible fluoride uptake by cavity walls following a single application of Duraphat around class V or I amalgam restorations which were inserted in seventeen human premolars in vitro and in vivo. Six cavities were lined with one layer of Copalite before insertion of the restorations. After a week in vivo and 12--24 h in vitro, 200--300 micrometers thick longitudinal sections passing through the cavities were prepared. By electron probe microanalysis F concentrations ranging from 2000 to 6000 ppm were measured near the surface of the cavity walls. Copalite seemed to inhibit F uptake. The study indicates that F ions released from the Duraphat varnish have been taken up by the cavity walls. Such uptake may influence development of secondary caries (wall lesions) in connection with amalgam restorations.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Minimizing dentinal fluid flow associated with gap formation.

The relationship between gap formation and outward fluid flow and procedures to minimize both phenomena were investigated in extracted human premolars restored in vitro with MOD composite restorations. We hypothesized that either glass-ionomer cement (GIC) liners or low-shrinkage composite could reduce fluid flow related to gap formation. Two groups restored with bonding agents with either high- or low-shrinkage resin composites, and 2 groups restored by either conventional or light-cured GIC liner plus resin composite were compared (8 teeth/group). Fluid flow was measured with an automated apparatus. Baseline fluid flow was low and unchanged after bonding, but increased sharply (though transiently) after teeth were lined with GIC. Outward flow was significantly greater with conventional than with light-cured GIC. Inward fluid flow occurred during light-curing, followed by extensive, prolonged outward flow after curing. Low-shrinkage composite or GIC liners reduced gap formation and limited outward fluid flow. GIC liners promoted outward fluid flow during their setting reactions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Effects of ultrasonic instrumentation on microleakage in composite restorations with glass ionomer liners.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasonic instrumentation on composite resin restorations lined with glass ionomer cement by measuring the extent of dye penetration at the restoration/tooth interface. Preparations, 2.0 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in depth, were made with a 331 bur in 96 human molar teeth without a bevel. The teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement liners (Shofu) and one of two types of composite resin (Silux and P-30). Half of the samples were ultrasonically instrumented for 10 s. The teeth were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye solution and vertically sectioned. Microleakage was scored visually using a scale of 0 to 4. Statistical comparisons were made with chi 2 analysis and the Mann-Whitney U-test at the P less than 0.05 level. Microleakage was significantly different between both resin types (P less than 0.001), and between the lined and unlined resins (P less than 0.001) that were instrumented, particularly in the P-30 restorations. Although P-30 restorations exhibited much less microleakage than Silux, the use of a glass ionomer liner did not reliably reduce microleakage in either type of material after instrumentation with an ultrasonic device.

Acid Etching, Dental↗