SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Elastic Tissue”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and pregnancy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare hereditary disease characterised by systemic degeneration of elastic tissue. Calcification of elastic fibres seen histologically is pathognomonic for the disorder. Most pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients show no serious complications during pregnancy. CASE: We report a case of a 29-year-old white woman with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, who delivered a healthy infant at the 35th week by cesarean section after an uneventful pregnancy. Sonographic and histological placental findings are described. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum presents some problems such as the evolution of the disease in the soon to be mother and the influence of the disease on the pregnancy. In our case there were no fetal-maternal complications related to the disease except skin lesion aggravation.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Primary isolated dissection of the left anterior descending coronary artery].

The authors report the case of a 30 year old Senegalese man admitted with an acute antero-septo-apical myocardial infarction which was fibrinolysed at the 5th hour. Coronary angiography showed dissection of the left anterior descending artery. This young patient with no previous medical history or cardiovascular risk factors had an abnormal skin biopsy showing proliferation of the elastic tissues. Eight months after the infarct the patient is asymptomatic and the appearances of dissection have disappeared. This case is original because the dissection occurred in a man, affecting the left anterior descending artery, with a good outcome after fibrinolysis (4th case), the angiographic regression of the arterial lesion and the possible pathogenetic mechanism of disease of elastic tissues.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A controlled hematoxylin-eosin for actinic elastosis-lysis. Its versatility and use for vascular damage (actinic arteriopathy) in the skin and orbit.

To demonstrate elastic tissue and its reactions in the skin and other organs, the hematoxylin-eosin staining method had been modified in two ways: (a) the hematoxylin solution is used once only to obtain its full potential, and (b) aqueous eosin is given greater selectivity by controlling its pH with a buffer. This stain highlights the broad supporting role of elastic tissue, particularly in pressure-containing blood vessels. It also helps to define the hyperplasia, degeneration, and elastolysis that arise from its peculiar sensitivity to actinic radiation.

Arteries↗

PubMed1992

[Theoretical and practical bases of compression].

The pressure applied by rigid or elastic compression of the skin surface of a limb is exerted as a function of two parameters. Pressure applied by an elastic tissue acts according to Laplace's law, varying with the tension of the elastic tissue and the radius of the curve of the area compressed. A rigid dressing acts solely by alternating working and resting pressures. Superficial pressure is transmitted to the extra- and intra-fascial compartments through the intermediary of an increase in tissue pressure. This pressure extension acts on all the compressible structures of the limb. It reduces the caliber of the veins in all compartments, and therefore the total venous blood volume of the limb, and increases the rate of circulatory return. The venous pressure adapts itself to the pressure of the dressing. The action on the vessel wall is seen as an increase in fibrinolytic activity and the proliferation of contractile myocytes. Its principal effect, however, is on vascular-tissue integrity: it diminishes interstitial edema and compacts the connective tissue fibrils, decongests the capillary endothelium and reduces the pericapillary sleeve of mucopolysaccharides. But it increases basal membrane thickness. Too high a pressure provokes collapse of the lymphangions. The rheologic action of the compression results in a decrease in blood viscosity. The effect of the compression is to induce local reabsorption of venous edema, while lymphatic edema is displaced towards the root of the limb to a zone where it may be reabsorbed. All these phenomena are reversible on removal of the compression treatment.

Arteries↗

PubMed1983

The ultrastructure of the byssal apparatus of a mussel. V. Localization of collagenic and elastic components in the threads.

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies have been carried out on the proximal part of byssus threads (TPP) in an attempt to localize collagenic and elastic components. The results show that TPP autoclaving followed by hot alkali treatment causes the extraction of about two-thirds of hydroxyproline and the parallel removal of most of the matrix, leaving filaments unaffected. Moreover the results of the staining reactions signaletic for elastic tissues indicate that TPP filaments contain glycoproteins with a reactivity similar to that of many invertebrate elastic tissues. On the basis of these morphological findings, it seems reasonable to suggest that collagen may be located in TPP matrix, while filaments could be responsible for the elastic properties.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Acrokeratoelastoidosis.

A case of acrokeratoelastoidosis (AKE) is reported. A review of the literature has established that at least three clinicopathological entities have been reported under this term. Two of the entities show a combination of hyperkeratosis with fragmentation of dermal elastic tissue, which justifies the designation AKE. The first, for which the term familial AKE is perhaps appropriate, though many cases have been sporadic, begins in childhood or early adult life, and there is no evidence that trauma or light exposure are factors in its production. The second is a more variable clinical syndrome occurring in middle or late adult life, and both physical trauma and light exposure appear to be concerned in its induction. The third syndrome to be reported under the designation AKE shows no abnormality of elastic tissue and appears to be a separate entity.

Child↗

PubMed2003

Mid-dermal elastolysis: a clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study of 11 patients.

BACKGROUND: Mid-dermal elastolysis is a rare entity defined by the selective loss of elastic tissue in the mid dermis. Many cases appear induced or aggravated by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Pathogenesis is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to report on the clinical and histologic features of 11 patients with mid-dermal elastolysis. Moreover, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry leukocyte subsets and expression of metalloproteinase (MMP) with the potential to degrade elastic tissue in 7 cases. RESULTS: All patients were women with a mean age of 31.4 years. Disease duration ranged from 4 months to 17 years. Affected areas included the trunk, neck, and upper aspect of limbs. Two patients also had Hashimoto's thyroiditis and uterine carcinoma, respectively, whereas 1 patient had undergone silicone mammoplasty. In all patients, disease onset was associated with intense UV light exposure. Moderate leukocyte infiltration in the dermis was observed mostly in recent lesions and was composed of CD3(+) T cells and some CD68(+) macrophages with a normal number of factor XIIIa(+) dermal dendritic cells. Elastin, but not fibrillin-1 immunoreactivity disappeared from the mid dermis. MMP-9 was detected in epidermal keratinocytes and in the cytoplasm of large, angulated, multinucleated cells located in lesional dermis. These cells were negative for leukocyte, dendritic cell, macrophage, and T-cell markers and were absent in old lesions. Staining for MMP-7 and MMP-12 did not differ from control skin. CONCLUSION: Onset of mid-dermal elastolysis appears strongly associated with UV exposure, which may induce fibroblast-like cells to express MMP-9 that in turn could be involved in the degradation of elastic fibers.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Functional development of the sheep diaphragmatic ligament.

1. The diaphragmatic ligament, which lines the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, plays a major role in setting the passive compliance of the diaphragm in the adult. Since many elastic tissues are more compliant at younger ages, our aim was to determine whether this diaphragmatic ligament plays an important role during development of the diaphragm. 2. We examined the passive biaxial length-tension properties of the isolated mid-costal diaphragm from fetal, newborn and adult sheep; initially with the diaphragm intact and then with the diaphragmatic ligament removed to reveal its functional significance. 3. We found that unlike other elastic tissues the diaphragmatic ligament is stiffer in early development than in the adult. The diaphragmatic ligament supports about 75% of the passive tension in the diaphragm in the 121 day fetus (term at 147 days) declining to about 50% from 3 weeks of age. The fetal diaphragm muscle fibres are exposed to 1-7 kPa of stress over the last 26 days of gestation. 4. We suggest that the diaphragmatic ligament provides a structural framework on which the muscle fibres of the diaphragm grow in fetal life, and that the ligament's elasticity is regulated to maintain a low and constant stress on the diaphragm muscle fibres during development.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977

Elastosis in benign sclerosing ductal proliferation of the female breast.

Elastosis, an abundance of elastic tissue, is commonly present in breast carcinoma. However, its diagnostic significance remaines an unsettled issue. This study documents 17 cases of elastosis occurring in a distinctive benign sclerosing ductal lesion of the female breast (Fenoglio and Lattes: Cancer 33: 691-700, 1974). Elastosis was characterized by staining reactions and, in several instances, by elastase digestion and electron microscopy. Yellow streaks and flecks may be apparent grossly and probably reflect the increased elastic tissue. Histologically, the lesion is generally stellate with central sclerosis and marked peripheral intraductal and ductular hyperplasia which is often papillary. Elastosis, which may be marked, is a constant finding and is predominantly periductal in location. It is emphasized that the gross and histologic features of the lesion may mimic carcinoma and that elastosis may be found in benign ductal lesions of the breast.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Elastofibroma: disturbed elastic fibrillogenesis by periosteal-derived cells? An immunoelectron microscopic and in situ hybridization study.

Monospecific antibodies to elastic tissue components have been used for immunoelectron microscopy of two examples of elastofibroma. The elastic-staining fibers typically seen in these lesions exhibited a variety of morphologies with differing ratios of the amorphous and microfibrillar components usually seen in elastic fibers. The amorphous elastic material in these fibers had variable affinity for ionic stains and exhibited several substructural morphologies. Despite this, each form reacted specifically with anti-elastin antibodies. Most of the elastic fibers were associated with relatively large numbers of 12-nm diameter microfibrils that were typical of those associated with normal elastic fibers, and were specifically reactive with monospecific antibodies to microfibril-associated glycoprotein. In situ hybridization studies with a cRNA probe for human elastin confirmed that active elastin biosynthesis was occurring patchily within the lesions. The appearances and staining characteristics of the elastic tissue elements, the morphology of the cells, and the structure of the collagen fibers in these lesions were shown to have many features in common with those of normal periosteum. It is proposed that elastofibromas arise from the periosteum as a result of chronic irritation and that the different elastic fiber morphologies represent disturbances of elastic fibrillogenesis by periosteal-derived cells.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

A new fluorescent method for the demonstration of macromolecular aldehydes.

The fluorochrome, p-hydrazinoacridine (HA), is used to stain selectively natural macromolecular aldehydes as occur in elastic tissue as well as periodic acid (oxidized) or hydrochloric acid (hydrolyzed) engendered polyaldehydes (e.g., respectively of glycogen, mucosubstances and deoxyribonucleic acid). The reaction is independent of SO2 required in Schiff-type reactions. The mechanism of the staining reaction is presumably via the formation of fluorescent hydrazones from aldehyde condensation with HA. Aldehyde blocking agents, i.e., thiosemicarbazide and sodium borohydride, block the staining reactions with HA. In view of the controversy surrounding the mechanism of Schiff-type reactions and the lack of an adequate explanation for the affinity of miscellaneous fluorochromes for elastic tissue, p-hydrazinoacridine appears to be an ideal reagent, combining a simple staining procedure, excellent histological results and a straightforward mechanism for its selectivity.

Acridines↗

PubMed2004

Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue.

The ability to determine trabecular bone tissue elastic and failure properties has biological and clinical importance. To date, trabecular tissue yield strains remain unknown due to experimental difficulties, and elastic moduli studies have reported controversial results. We hypothesized that the elastic and tensile and compressive yield properties of trabecular tissue are similar to those of cortical tissue. Effective tissue modulus and yield strains were calibrated for cadaveric human femoral neck specimens taken from 11 donors, using a combination of apparent-level mechanical testing and specimen-specific, high-resolution, nonlinear finite element modeling. The trabecular tissue properties were then compared to measured elastic modulus and tensile yield strain of human femoral diaphyseal cortical bone specimens obtained from a similar cohort of 34 donors. Cortical tissue properties were obtained by statistically eliminating the effects of vascular porosity. Results indicated that mean elastic modulus was 10% lower (p<0.05) for the trabecular tissue (18.0+/-2.8 GPa) than for the cortical tissue (19.9+/-1.8 GPa), and the 0.2% offset tensile yield strain was 15% lower for the trabecular tissue (0.62+/-0.04% vs. 0.73+/-0.05%, p<0.001). The tensile-compressive yield strength asymmetry for the trabecular tissue, 0.62 on average, was similar to values reported in the literature for cortical bone. We conclude that while the elastic modulus and yield strains for trabecular tissue are just slightly lower than those of cortical tissue, because of the cumulative effect of these differences, tissue strength is about 25% greater for cortical bone.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Spontaneous atrophic patches in extremely premature infants. Anetoderma of prematurity.

BACKGROUND: Anetoderma, characterized clinically by macular depressions or outpouchings of skin, is associated with loss of dermal elastic tissue as noted on histopathologic findings. We report on 9 extremely premature infants who developed patches of anetoderma during their course in the neonatal intensive care unit. OBSERVATIONS: All 9 patients were born between the ages of 24 and 29 weeks of gestation and had numerous complications associated with prematurity. Eight of the 9 infants were noted to have developed anetoderma on the trunk and proximal extremities while in the neonatal intensive care unit. The locations of the lesions on the skin were not explained by previous trauma, although many areas corresponded with placement of monitoring leads or with adhesive for a monitoring device. Reduction or absence of elastic tissue supported the diagnosis of anetoderma in 4 of 5 biopsy specimens. CONCLUSION: We report a previously unrecognized type of anetoderma associated with extreme prematurity. The exact cause is uncertain, although reactions to cutaneous monitoring leads or adhesives is suspected.

Atrophy↗

PubMed2001

Anetoderma arising in cutaneous B-cell lymphoproliferative disease.

Anetoderma is circumscribed atrophy of the skin due to a localized deficiency in elastic tissue. It can follow inflammatory skin diseases of several types, and occasionally is present in the skin around neoplasms. There are a few reports of anetoderma in the lesional skin of cutaneous lymphoma. We report on two patients who presented with multiple lesions of anetoderma and who later proved to have low-grade cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. One patient (Patient 1) is a 39-year-old man and the other patient is a 26-year-old woman who is a renal transplant recipient (Patient 2). Some biopsy specimens from the anetodermic skin of Patient 1 appeared to show an urticarial reaction, although plasma cells were present. A large nodule showed lymphoid follicles surrounded by plasmacytoid lymphocytes, with loss of elastic tissue in the adjacent dermis. The plasmacytoid cells stained overwhelmingly for lambda light chain, and staining of the urticarial lesions from this patient also showed a marked majority of lambda positive cells. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) rearrangements showed a dominant clonal pattern in the nodular lesion. We classified the disease in Patient 1 as marginal zone lymphoma and the disease in Patient 2 as a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Because of the intimate association of anetoderma and cutaneous B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in these two patients, it seems possible that anetoderma could result from either a local effect of the neoplastic cells or associated inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils as in Case 1. The infiltrates of Case 1 had many interstitial neutrophils and only a few clonal plasmacytoid lymphocytes, indicating that this presentation of B-cell lymphoma can be a diagnostic pitfall. Given these two cases and similar ones in the literature, biopsy of lesional skin in anetoderma should be performed to ensure that lymphomatous infiltrates are not present. Even if plasma cells are sparse, studies to detect clonality are appropriate. Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma can be added to the list of associations of elastolysis and cutaneous lymphoma, which includes granulomatous slack skin (T-cell lymphoma) and cutis laxa (myeloma).

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Immunoelectron microscopic examination of IgA deposition in dermatitis herpetiformis.

Ultrastructural localization of IgA in the skin of three Japanese patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) was studied with the immunoelectron microscopic technique using periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixation. In direct immunofluorescence studies, two of the three cases showed fine fibrillar deposition of IgA and the other case fine granules in the dermal papillae. In the former, the reaction products of IgA were present in the upper dermis forming various-sized aggregates which were occasionally arranged perpendicularly to the epidermis and appeared to be associated with microfibrillar bundles of the elastic tissue. Reaction products were also deposited to a lesser extent on the microfibrillar component of the elastic fibers at the lower part of the dermal papillae. However, in the latter, the reaction products were found to form smaller aggregates on and around the collagen fibrils rather than on the elastic tissue. Such a localization of IgA reaction products has not yet been reported in DH. The difference of the distribution patterns of IgA and the possible singularity of Japanese DH cases are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Tradeoffs in elastographic imaging.

This paper presents the tradeoffs in elastographic imaging. Elastography is viewed as a new imaging modality and presented in terms of three fundamental concepts that constitute the basis for the elastographic imaging process. These are the tissue elastic deformation process, the statistical analysis of strain estimation and the image characterization. The first concept involves the use of the contrast transfer efficiency (CTE) that describes the mapping of a distribution of local tissue elastic moduli into a distribution of local longitudinal tissue strains. The second concept defines the elastographic system and the relationship between ultrasonic and signal processing parameters. This process is described in terms of a stochastic framework (the strain filter) that provides upper and practical performance bounds and their dependence on the various system parameters. Finally, the output image, the elastogram, is characterized by its image parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, dynamic range and resolution. Finite-element simulations are used to generate examples of elastograms that are confirmed by the theoretical prediction tools.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1997

Effect of mucosal resection on detrusor function in the disused rabbit bladder.

A new rabbit model of disused bladder was developed. Disused bladders were created by sagittal splitting of the bladders along the midline and closure of one side (reservoir side), leaving the remaining side unclosed (disused). The mucosa was dissected from some of the disused sides. Tissue elasticity and the weight of the detrusor muscle were decreased by bladder disuse. The responsiveness to field stimulation, bethanechol, ATP, KCl, or isoproterenol, was decreased by disuse. Tissue elasticity and responsiveness to stimuli were decreased to a lesser extent in disused tissue with intact mucosa. Results suggest that the bladder mucosa helps to preserve the function of the disused bladder.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Elastic fibre system of the female canine urethra. Histochemical identification of elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres.

The elastic system fibres of the female urethra were investigated in seven dogs of different breeds. The fibres were stained and differentiated with orcein, Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin, and pararosanilin-based aldehyde fuchsin, with and without previous oxidation. Orcein and aldehyde fuchsin revealed some subepithelial longitudinally orientated delicate fibres (elaunin fibres) and numerous coarse longitudinal fibres (elastic fibres) in the deeper subepithelial connective tissue containing the vascular plexus, as well as a network of fibres of different calibers in the periurethral connective tissue. Elastic system fibres were also found in association with the sinusoids of the vascular plexus and the urethral smooth musculature. Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin only reacted distinctly with coarse (elastic) fibres. When applied following oxidation, aldehyde fuchsin disclosed an extensive meshwork of additional delicate fibres (oxytalan fibres) in the subepithelial connective tissue adjacent to the basement membrane. Oxytalan fibres were also discernible in the sinusoidal adventitia of the vascular plexus, as well as between smooth and striated muscle fibres. Due to the predominantly longitudinal orientation of the elastic system fibres and the low urethral resistance to manual expression of urine from the bladder post mortally, when the elasticity of the urethra is still intact and the activity of other continence factors can be excluded, the elastic tissue is not judged to be a major contributory factor to urinary continence.

Animals↗