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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The ultrasonic appearance of extranodal abdominal lymphoma.

The sonographic manifestations of malignant lymphoma involving 70 extranodal sites in 51 patients are presented. Areas of involvement by nonHodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma included the liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, pancreas, and muscles. The sonographic appearance of lymphomatous lesions does not necessarily correlate with histologic subclassification. Similarly, atypical manifestations of lymphoma may resemble a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes. Extranodal lymphomatous abdominal disease was detected in six patients whose lymphangiograms demonstrated no evidence of disease.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

In-111-labeled liposomes: dosimetry and tumor depiction.

Neutral phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) were loaded with 0.5 mCi (18.5 MBq) indium-111 and administered to 24 patients with various types of cancer. The median diameter of the liposomes was 77 nm, and lipid dose was 0.78-6.25 mg/kg. Scans obtained 24 and 48 hours after injection of In-111 liposomes showed gradual blood clearance with homogeneous uptake in the normal liver and spleen. Dosimetric estimates for these organs were 2.3 +/- 1.1 and 2.3 +/- 1.4 rad (.02 +/- .01 Gy), respectively, with a whole-body estimate of 0.28 rad (.003 Gy). Radiation dose did not correlate with lipid dose. Total renal excretion of In-111 was less than 2% of the injected dose in all but two patients. Transient eosinophilia occurred in two patients. Tumor was seen in the scans of 22 of 24 patients (unbinded readings). In-111-labeled liposomes may enable the demonstration of suspected or unsuspected sites of tumor.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with endoscopic US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of lymph nodes in the paratracheal, aortopulmonic, subcarinal, and posterior mediastinal regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy who did not have a primary gastrointestinal neoplasm were examined. In 29 patients, endoscopic US-guided FNAB of mediastinal lymphadenopathy was performed as a component of staging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); in the remaining 57 patients, it was performed to obtain a primary diagnosis. Final diagnosis was based on clinical follow-up, cytologic, and/or surgical results. RESULTS: In 82 patients in whom a final diagnosis was available, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of endoscopic US-guided FNAB in distinguishing benign from malignant mediastinal lymph nodes were 96%, 100%, 98%, 94%, and 100%, respectively. In those patients who underwent staging of NSCLC, endoscopic US-guided FNAB had superior mediastinal lymph node staging accuracy compared with endoscopic US alone (79%) and CT alone (79%) (P =.01). The results of endoscopic US-guided FNAB prompted a change to nonsurgical management in 66 (80%) of 82 patients who underwent the procedure. One minor complication, postprocedural fever that resolved with oral antibiotics, occurred (1%; 95% CI: 0%, 6%). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic US-guided FNAB is accurate and safe for biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes to stage NSCLC, establish a primary diagnosis, or examine patients with prior inconclusive biopsy results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Dual presentation of extranodal marginal B-cell lymphoma involving the skin, viscera and bones.

A 65-year-old man presented with an erythematous indurated plaque on the scalp and forehead. A low-grade marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma with small cells and kappa-chain monoclonality was diagnosed. Radiotherapy was initiated. He soon developed abdominal pain and hematemesis. A high-grade marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma with large cells and lambda-chain predominance was disclosed infiltrating the stomach and lungs. Bone localizations were also found. There was no evidence for lymph node and bone marrow involvement. The distinct cytological and immunophenotypic presentations in the skin and viscera are a puzzling finding.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Novel endoscopic imaging techniques toward in vivo observation of living cancer cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

Recent advances in endoscopic imaging technology have enabled the visualization of cellular-level microstructures of early-stage cancer and its precursors. Chromoendoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, endoscopic optical coherent tomography (EOCT) spectroscopy, and various combinations of these technologies, are all important for the recognition of small and unclear lesions. In order to observe cancer cells in vivo two types of ultra-high magnifying endoscope--'laser-scanning confocal laser-scanning endoscopy series' and 'contact endoscopy series'--that have a maximum of >1,000 times magnifying power have been developed. The use of these endoscopes has allowed the generation of high quality images of both living cancer cells and normal cells in the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, clear images of cells and their nuclei, equivalent to the high quality that is possible with conventional cytology, have been produced. These novel imaging technologies may make in vivo histological diagnosis by virtual histology possible.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2005

Role of inflammation in pancreatic carcinogenesis and the implications for future therapy.

BACKGROUND: The link between inflammation and pancreatic cancer has been observed for a number of gastrointestinal neoplasms. This review examines the role of inflammation in pancreatic carcinogenesis and how it can be utilised to develop new therapies against pancreatic cancer. METHODS: A literature review of Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science databases was undertaken using the key words, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, inducible nitric oxide, interleukins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2, NF-kappa B, reactive oxygen species, DNA adducts, lipoxygenases, chemoprevention. RESULTS: Epidemiological evidence and molecular studies both in vitro and in vivo all support the hypothesis that inflammation plays an important in the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumours. CONCLUSION: Sustained damage caused by chronic inflammation may precede the onset of frank malignancy by a significant interval. As such, suppression of inflammatory changes and oxidative damage, may help delay or even prevent the inception of pancreatic neoplasia.

Cyclooxygenase 2↗
PubMed1988

Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors in cancer patients.

Glucocorticoid receptor concentration was determined in circulating lymphocytes of patients with benign and malignant tumors. It was not different from control values in case of benign tumors. However, it was increased significantly in case of operable colorectal adenocarcinoma and decreased, sometimes to very low levels, when the tumor (gastric or colorectal adenocarcinoma) was inoperable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doxifluridine as palliative treatment in advanced gastric and pancreatic cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The association of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin is currently the most used combination in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal neoplasms. Doxifluridine (d-FUR) is a fluoropyrimidine derivative that is converted into 5-FU inside tumor cells, where it is selectively cytotoxic. The oral administration of dFUR has been extensively investigated in colorectal carcinoma, and has been proven to be active and well tolerated. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the oral combination with dFUR plus l-leucovorin in gastric and pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 50 cases were treated with l-leucovorin 25 mg, followed 2 h later by d-FUR 1,200 mg/m2 for 5 days; the cycles were repeated every 10 days. The regimen was given for a maximum of 36 cycles or until disease progression. Twenty-six patients had gastric cancer (all of whom were pretreated with polychemotherapy) and 24 had advanced pancreatic carcinoma. RESULTS: Objective responses were obtained in 4 (15%; 95% Cl 1-29) patients with gastric cancer, and in 1 (4%) with pancreatic cancer. The median response duration was 4 months. All of the responses were seen in patients previously treated with 5-FU-containing regimens. The median survival in gastric cancer patients was 7 months. Toxicity was moderate: WHO grade III and IV diarrhea was observed in 14% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the efficacy of oral d-FUR plus l-leucovorin as palliative treatment in gastric cancer patients. The results in pancreatic carcinoma are disappointing but are in line with the published data relating to fluoropyrimidines.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of galactosyltransferase released from human hepatoma cells.

A human hepatoma cell line (SK-H-MA) released a large amount of sialyltransferase (ST) and galactosyltransferase (GT) into the culture medium, whereas cells derived from normal human liver (Chang) released a large amount of GT but very little ST. The characteristics of hepatoma GT were studied since an abnormal GT isoenzyme has been associated with human gastrointestinal neoplasms. Both hepatoma and Chang medium GT activities had an absolute requirement for MnCl2 (25 mmol/l) and a broad optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0, and were not affected by 0.1% Triton X-100. These two enzyme preparations were inhibited to the same extent by N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine, while N-acetylglucosamine was 100 times more potent than N-acetylgalactosamine. Various nucleotides inhibited both enzyme activities equally well. Uracil-containing nucleotides were better inhibitors than thymine-containing nucleotides, and other nucleotides were only slightly inhibitory. The most effective inhibitor was UDP. More of the GT activity in hepatoma medium (65%) as compared to Chang medium (35%) bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose, and was eluted with 2.5% alpha-methylmannoside. These results suggest that the GTs from hepatoma and Chang media are not different in their enzymatic activity but may differ in their carbohydrate contents, which may be another manifestation of the neoplastic nature of the hepatoma cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging of the gastrointestinal tract.

The evaluation of lesions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract using ultrasound can suffer from poor contrast between healthy and diseased tissue. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging provides information about the mechanical properties of tissue using brief, high-intensity, focused ultrasound to generate radiation force and ultrasonic correlation-based methods to track the resulting tissue displacement. Using conventional linear arrays, ARFI imaging has shown improved contrast over B-mode images when applied to solid masses in the breast and liver. The purpose of this work is to (1) investigate the potential for ARFI imaging to provide improvements over conventional B-mode imaging of GI lesions and (2) demonstrate that ARFI imaging can be performed with an endocavity probe. ARFI images of an adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal (GE) junction, status-post chemotherapy and radiation treatment, demonstrate better contrast between healthy and fibrotic/malignant tissue than standard B-mode images. ARFI images of healthy gastric, esophageal, and colonic tissue specimens differentiate normal anatomic tissue layers (i.e., mucosal, muscularis and adventitial layers), as confirmed by histologic evaluation. ARFI imaging of ex vivo colon and small bowel tumors portray interesting contrast and structure that are not as well defined in B-mode images. An endocavity probe created ARFI images to a depth of over 2 cm in tissue-mimicking phantoms, with maximum displacements of 4 microm. These findings support the clinical feasibility of endocavity ARFI imaging to guide diagnosis and staging of disease processes in the GI tract.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Normal anatomy of the pyloric branch and its diagnostic significance in angiography.

The course of the pyloric branch, usually arising from the distal end of the gastroduodenal artery, was investigated using angiography of 15 specimens and of 200 patients. It was found that the pyloric branch usually supplies the greater curvature of the gastric antrum and of the duodenal bulb, pylorus and the oral portion of the descending duodenum, although there may be some variations. A correct diagnosis of the primary site and extent of a malignant tumor in the gastric antrum, duodenum or pancreatic head, needs a thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy of the pyloric branch.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-expanding metal stents in gastrointestinal interventional radiology: technical problems.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To analyze the procedural difficulties in the placement of metal stents in stenoses of the digestive tract and optimize the technique. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with digestive tract stenoses were treated from January 1999 to December 2004. In 14 cases the stricture was anastomotic (9 colorectal, 3 esophageal, 1 gastroesophageal and 1 gastrojejunal), in 13 esophageal, in 1 gastric and in 1 duodenal. The stenosis was due to scarring in 5 patients and was malignant in 24 patients (primary in 17 cases and secondary in 7 cases). RESULTS: The procedure achieved technical success in all cases but 2. For each of the different segments the technical difficulties and the adopted procedural solutions were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The interventional radiology approach yielded results comparable to those reported for the endoscopic method and was always well tolerated. The need to rely on materials mostly designed for endoscopic use can make radiological use difficult in some cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Life-threatening hypercoagulable state following splenectomy in ITP: successful management with aggressive antithrombotic therapy and danazol.

A life-threatening hypercoagulable state (HCS) is reported that developed after splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A 50-year-old active male was rejected for blood donation because of an incidental finding of low platelet counts, 40,000/uL. The diagnosis was ITP. Although asymptomatic, he underwent splenectomy because of poor response to steroids and intravenous (IV) gamma globulin. One month after splenectomy, he suffered pulmonary emboli without deep venous embolism (DVT), followed by bilateral DVT, threatening amputation of the legs. Emergency thrombolysis, insertion of stent, and IV heparin saved his legs. Extensive workup for HCS was negative. IV heparin was withheld for colonoscopy for possible gastrointestinal neoplasm, at which time DVT recurred, necessitating another thrombolysis and heparin infusion. He was discharged on enoxaparin, antiplatelet therapy, and danazol. Platelet hyperactivation, characterized by high platelet microparticles (PMP) and CD62P, was present throughout his course of active ITP, resolving when ITP went into remission with danazol therapy. ITP has remained in remission for 4 years after stopping enoxaparin and danazol. In vitro, his plasma in active ITP induced activation of normal platelets, generating PMP and inducing CD62p-positive platelets and platelet aggregates; his plasma from remission had no effect. This indicates the presence of a platelet activating factor, possibly anti-platelet antibodies. Splenectomy may have allowed procoagulant PMP to accumulate to high levels resulting in HCS. We advise awareness of thrombotic complications post-splenectomy in the subset of ITP patients who are largely asymptomatic and exhibit persisting platelet activation.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗