PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Health Behavior”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Visit satisfaction and tailored health behavior communications in primary care.

BACKGROUND: Although studies suggest that computer-tailored health communications can help patients improve health behaviors, their effect on patient satisfaction, when used in healthcare settings, has yet to be examined. METHODS: A stand-alone computer application was developed to provide tailored, printed feedback for patients and physicians about two of the most common adverse health behaviors seen in primary care: smoking and physical inactivity. Ten primary care providers and 150 of their patients were recruited to use the program in the office before their visit. After the visit, patients completed a self-report survey that addressed demographics, computer use history, satisfaction with the visit, and the extent to which the physician addressed the reports during the visit. All data presented were collected between October 2001 and February 2002. RESULTS: Most patients were female (67.6%), approximately half (46.0%) were seen for a routine exam, most (63.3%) had at least one chronic illness, and fewer than one third (31.3%) had ever used the Internet or e-mail. Most (81.1%) patients reported that the program was easy to use, but fewer than half of the doctors looked at the report in front of the patient (49.2%) or discussed the report with the patient (44.3%). Multivariate modeling showed that visit satisfaction was significantly greater among those whose doctor examined the report. This effect of the doctor examining the report on satisfaction was even greater for those who reported a chronic illness. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians who incorporate computer tailored messaging programs into the primary care setting, but who do not address the feedback reports that they create may contribute to patients being less satisfied with their care.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Managing behavioral health care: an employer's perspective.

Employee life cycle events and behavioral health disorders impact productivity and well-being. Employers use wellness initiatives and employee assistance or work-family programs to help manage those factors that can distract employees from performing optimally. Employer-sponsored health benefits are designed to protect employees from the catastrophic costs of illness. However, today's plan designers struggle with employee and employer affordability that does not compromise quality or effectiveness. In 1990, Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Mass., shifted its strategy from an indemnity model to a managed care model that uses health maintenance organizations. Comprehensive standards are used to ensure the delivery of quality behavioral health care that is cost effective, is delivered at the clinically appropriate levels, and uses a broad continuum of treatment approaches with measurable outcomes.

Cost of Illness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The future of health behavior and prevention research: what will change in the next 25 years?

OBJECTIVE: To review progress in the field of health behavior research and suggest future directions. METHODS: Reviewed the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of research during the past 25 years and identified likely technological changes that will impact research during the next 25 years. RESULTS: In the not-too-distant future, normal science will be transformed by broad-based diffusion of innovations, some of which will include the increased use of automated data collection methods and the widespread adoption of research-based programs. CONCLUSION: Research during the next 25 years will eventually result in a radical transformation of health behavior research.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1999

The social environments of adolescents: associations between socioenvironmental factors and health behaviors during adolescence.

The social worlds of the adolescent and their potential effect on health behavior are the focus of this chapter. Social cognitive theory, resiliency theories, and the theoretical implications of focusing on lifestyle patterns of adolescents are discussed in order to provide a theoretical frame of reference for viewing the complex interactions between individual factors, socioenvironmental factors, and health-related behaviors among adolescents. Factors within the different social environments (family, school, peers, and community) are discussed and some general recommendations based upon empirical research findings and theories about adolescent health behavior are made.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health behaviors and academic success.

Many educators are interested in ways to help students achieve academic success. The authors determined the relationship between health behaviors and academic success and found that establishing an at-risk profile of health behaviors can assist faculty members in addressing problems that directly influence student performance.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Access to and patterns of use of behavioral health services among children and adolescents in TennCare.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed trends in access to and use of behavioral health services for school-aged children in TennCare, Tennessee's Medicaid managed care program, between state fiscal years 1995 and 2000. METHODS: Claims, encounter, and enrollment data from the Bureau of TennCare were used. The data analyzed were restricted to services and enrollment periods for children and adolescents between the ages of four and 17 years at the time of service or enrollment. Measures were calculated in four areas: overall access to behavioral health services, use of inpatient services, use of outpatient specialty treatment services, and use of supportive services like case management and medication management. RESULTS: The number of youths who received a behavioral service increased by nearly 50 percent between state fiscal years 1995 and 2000. At the same time, the number of youths enrolled in TennCare increased by 19 percent. The annual access rate increased from 72.7 youths per 1000 enrollees to 91.7. However, the volume of services for children fell. Access rates were low relative to estimates of need in this population. The system made less use of inpatient services and relied more on outpatient services, particularly case management and medication management services. CONCLUSIONS: Children's access rates for behavioral health services improved even as the TennCare program expanded to cover more children. The system served more youths in part by reducing the volume of services for children receiving treatment and substituting more supportive services. Ongoing performance monitoring for policy making will require enhancements of data monitoring activities by the state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Diagnosed diabetes and ethnic disparities in adverse health behaviors of American women.

Despite higher rates of some high-risk lifestyle factors in non-Hispanic black women compared to non-Hispanic white women, no data exist examining the role of diagnosed diseases. Having diabetes diagnosed might motivate women and their providers to work together to lower the women's levels of behavioral risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between diagnosed diabetes and adverse health behaviors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary lifestyle in non-Hispanic white (n=270) and non-Hispanic black (n=149) women with type 2 diabetes. Diagnosed diabetes was defined as answering "yes" to the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey question: "Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes or sugar diabetes?" Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of diagnosed diabetes with the adverse health behaviors. In this study, non-Hispanic black diabetic women had higher prevalences of smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and lower rates of diagnosed diabetes compared with non-Hispanic white women (P<0.01). Relative to non-Hispanic diabetic white, non-Hispanic diabetic black was associated respectively with 25% and 58% increased odds of smoking and sedentary lifestyle, adjusting for diagnosed diabetes and other confounding variables. Approximately 15% of alcohol consumption and 13% excess sedentary lifestyle in non-Hispanic diabetic blacks were associated with their increased rates of diagnosed diabetes relative to non-Hispanic diabetic whites. These excesses in adverse health behaviors, however, were within what can be explained by chance variation. There were non-significant trends toward less smoking and more sedentary lifestyle. Thus, diabetic women with a diagnosis generally had a worse behavioral risk profile than those without a diagnosis even after controlling multiple confounders. This shows the need for physicians to educate their diabetic patients regarding benefits of exercise and smoking avoidance.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2003

Testing the relationship between self-agency and enactment of health behaviors.

A theoretical review provides a rationale for examining self-agency as a developmental foundation underlying processes of self-regulated change and a potential moderator of intervention effectiveness among participants in a nurse home-visitation program. Self-agency is defined as the conceptual understanding of self as an agent capable of shaping motives, behavior, and future possibilities (Damon & Hart, 1991). Availability of a sample of 186 mothers who received nurse home visitation provided an opportunity to test the relationship between participant self-agency and enactment of targeted health behaviors. Self-agency items from the Pearlin Mastery Scale (1978) were used to differentiate mothers who endorsed self-agency from those who did not. Consistent with the theoretical premise, mothers who endorsed self-agency at an established threshold were significantly more likely to enact health behaviors promoted during nurse visitation. Results provide support for the relationship between the development of self-agency and enactment of health behaviors targeted by a nurse home-visitation program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Health behavior, quality of work life, and organizational effectiveness in the lumber industry.

A major incentive for work-site health promotion activities has been the promise of increased company profitability. Some critics have challenged the economic argument based on distal outcomes such as increased employee longevity and less morbidity later in life. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between employee health behavior, quality of work life, and proximal organizationally valued outcomes. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of employees working at Pacific Lumber Company (N = 146), the largest single-site lumber mill in California. Although employee sleep patterns predicted health care utilization and psychological well-being, for the most part employee health behaviors were not strong predictors of proximal organizational effectiveness factors. However, quality-of-work-life factors significantly predicted organizational commitment, absenteeism, and tardiness frequency. The findings suggest the value of improving the system of work in which employees are embedded as part of comprehensive work-site health promotion efforts.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of positive health behavior in middle childhood.

The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of sociodemographic variables, health experiences, family functioning, self-esteem, intrinsic motivation, and health perception to the health behaviors of preadolescent children. A convenience sample of 9- and 10-year-old children (N = 260) and their mothers responded to self-report questionnaires. Health behaviors were found to be gender specific and formed partially through a set of background variables that are largely fixed and nonmodifiable; these variables then interface with explanatory, modifiable factors that include the child's self-esteem, intrinsic motivation, and perceptions of health. Two models are described; 53% of the variance in girls' behavior and 63% of the variance in boys' behavior are explained.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1994

[A comparison of preventive health behaviors among middle-aged males in different types of communities in Tokyo].

Preventive health behaviors of middle-aged men living in areas of Tokyo with differing mortality rates were analyzed to determine if regional differences exist and if so why. Information on seven different health behaviors (cigarette smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, food intake pattern, taking breakfast, hours of sleep, and relative weight) were obtained by a survey among the sample randomly selected from men 35 to 64 years of age living in two separate communities, Koto-Ward with a high middle-aged male mortality and Bunkyo-Ward where it is low. The following results were obtained; 1) In Koto-Ward where middle-aged male mortality is high, the proportion of interviewees who participated physical activity more than once a week and had good food intake patterns was significantly lower than in Bunkyo-Ward. 2) Regional differences in both physical activity and food intake pattern appear to be due to differences in proportion of higher educational attainment which is associated with more frequent participation in physical activity and better food intake patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

AIDS-related health behavior: coping, protection motivation, and previous behavior.

The purpose of this study was to examine Rogers' protection motivation theory and aspects of Janis and Mann's conflict theory in the context of AIDS-related health behavior. Subjects were 84 heterosexual men and women and 147 homosexual men with multiple sexual partners; LISREL's path-analysis techniques were used to evaluate the goodness of fit of the structural equation models. Protection motivation theory did fit the data but had considerably more explanatory power for heterosexual than for homosexual subjects (49 vs. 22%, respectively). When coping styles were added, different patterns of findings were found among both groups. Adding variables such as social norms and previous behavior increased the explained variance to 73% for heterosexual subjects and to 44% for homosexual subjects. It was concluded that although protection motivation theory did fit the data fairly adequately, expanding the theory with other variables--especially those related to previous behavior--could improve our understanding of AIDS-related health behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The transtheoretical model: gender differences across 3 health behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate gender differences in stage-of-change distribution, self-efficacy, and decisional balance, for 3 health behaviors. METHODS: Five hundred fifty-four (males = 107; females = 447) low-income, predominantly African American, patients completed stage-of- change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance scales for smoking cessation, exercise adoption, and dietary fat reduction. RESULTS: Males and females differ in stage of change for smoking and exercise, but not dietary fat intake. CONCLUSIONS: Gender-specific interventions may be needed to promote certain health behaviors but not others, and self-efficacy and decisional balance may be related differently to stage of change in low-income populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prenatal health behaviors as predictors of breast-feeding, injury, and vaccination.

OBJECTIVE: To identify maternal prenatal preventive health behaviors associated with breast-feeding, early childhood injuries, and vaccination. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. SETTING: Questionnaires were mailed to the mother's home. PATIENTS: The response rate to this nationally representative sample was 71%. These analyses include the 10,868 mothers whose infants had ever been at home. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict the following: (1) having "ever" breast-fed; (2) having breast-fed for at least 6 weeks; (3) "an accident or bad fall" during any of the first 6 months of the child's life ("early" injury) or (4) in the month prior to the interview ("recent" injury); (5) having received "any" vaccinations or (6) having received three diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus immunizations. RESULTS: Children of mothers who reduced alcohol consumption during the pregnancy, had higher incomes, and were white had the best preventive health outcomes. Adequacy of prenatal care was predictive of vaccination, but not of breast-feeding or injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that prenatal sociodemographic characteristics and maternal health behaviors have significant and continued effects on the preventive health outcomes of infants and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Examining television as an influence on children's health behaviors.

This article is a review of select empirical research studies examining television as an influence on children's health behaviors. The reader is first provided with an overview of the research on the role of television in children's lives. This is followed by an in-depth presentation of the research related to television content and its effect on risk-taking and the role of television commercials and their influence on nutrition and dietary behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Understanding the relationship of maternal health behavior change and intervention strategies in a Nicaraguan NGO network.

Few studies of community interventions examine independent effects of investments in: (1) capital (i.e., physical, human and social capital), and (2) management systems (e.g., monitoring and evaluation systems (M&E)) on maternal and child health behavior change. This paper does this in the context of an inter-organizational network. In Nicaragua, international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local NGOs formed the NicaSalud Federation. Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS), 14 member organizations took baselines measures of maternal safe motherhood and child health behavior indicators during November 1999 and August 2000, respectively, and final evaluation measures in December 2001. In April 2002, retrospective interviews were conducted with supervisors and managers in the 14 organizations to explore changes made to community health strategies, factors associated with the changes, and impacts they attributed to participating in NicaSalud. Physical capital (density of health huts), human capital (density and variety of paramedical personnel) and social capital (density of health committees) were associated with pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) 3+ times, and/or retaining ANC cards. The variety of paramedic personnel was also associated with women making post-partum visits to clinics. Physical capital (density of health huts) and social capital (density of health committees and mothers' clubs) were associated with child diarrhea case management indicators. One safe motherhood indicator (delivery of babies by a clinician) was not associated with intervention strategies. At the management level, NicaSalud's training of members to use LQAS for M&E was associated with the number of strategic and tactical changes they subsequently made to interventions (organizational learning). Organizational learning was related to changes in maternal and child health behaviors of the women (including changes in the proportion using post-partum care). As the latter result would not have occurred without NicaSalud, we conclude that this inter-organizational network provided added value by instigating organizational learning.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Effect of a trainer cow on health, behavior, and performance of newly weaned beef calves.

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the presence of a trainer cow on behavior, performance, health, and feeding patterns of newly weaned beef calves. In Exp. 1,252 weaned calves (270+/-18 kg) were allocated to 22 pens (11 to 15 calves per pen). A trainer cow was randomly assigned to each of 11 pens. Calves were weighed prior to feeding on d 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Rectal temperatures were taken on each of these days (except d 28) and blood samples were collected on d 0, 3, and 7 and subsequently analyzed for serum haptoglobin and leukotoxin antibody titers. Instantaneous scan observations of calf behavior were made at 10-min intervals between 0730 and 1730 on d 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6. A similar protocol was used in Exp. 2, in which 297 calves (258+/-17 kg) were allocated to 24 pens. Blood analyses included haptoglobin, white blood cell counts (WBC), and neutrophil:lymphocyte (NL) ratios. In Exp. 3, the above protocol was followed and patterns of feed bunk attendance of individual calves were also monitored using radio frequency identification by passive transponder ear tags. Trainer cows did not influence (P > .10) calf rectal temperatures, requirements for antibiotic therapy, WBC, NL ratios, or leukotoxin antibody titers. Pooled across treatments, NL ratios were lower (P < .01) on d 0 (.31) than on d 3 (.36) or d 7 (.39). Although differences in weight gain were detected in some periods within the three experiments, there were no differences (P > .10) overall (d 0 to 28). Trainer cows did not affect (P > .05) frequency or duration of bunk visits by the calves. Averaged across treatments, frequency and duration of bunk visits increased (P < .001) from 9.6 visits/d and 56.7 min/d between d 0 and 3 to 12.3 visits/d and 108.9 min/d between d 15 and 21. The number of calves observed eating during scan sampling observations also increased from 16.4% on d 1 to 25% on d 4 (P < .10) and 29% on d 5 and 6 (P < .05). More (P < .05) calves were observed lying on d 1 (41.7%) and d 2 (45.3%) than on d 4 (37.5%), d 5 (34.8%), or d 6 (36.2%). With a trainer cow present, fewer (36.7% vs 41.5%; P < .001) calves were observed lying and more (11.7% vs 10.2%; P = .08) were observed walking than when no cow was present. Trainer cows did not improve calf health, time spent at the feed bunk, or performance of newly weaned calves.

Animal Husbandry↗