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PubMed2004

[Evaluation of the efficacy of CT guided thoracic sympatholysis to treat palmar hyperhidrosis].

PURPOSE AND METHOD: Palmar hyperhidrosis is a pathological condition characterized by overperspiration caused by any stress or emotion. We have evaluated the results of 101 CT guided sympatholysis procedures performed on 50 patients suffering from primary palmar hyperhydrosis. RESULTS: Mean follow up was 50 Months (6 Months to 8 Years) for 87 procedures with immediate good results in 46 patients. Using actuarial analysis, 62% of patients had persistent good results after 50 Months. Complications included one case of small pneumothorax requiring no treatment and one case of vagal syndrome. Pain or thoracic discomfort was reported by 14 patients and was relieved by aspirin within 24 hours. Six patients developed a Horner's syndrome that resolved within a few weeks and six other patients developed moderate compensatory overperspiration over the face, thorax or contralateral arm. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, CT guided sympatholysis provides results similar to endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy and is associated with fewer risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Histopathological changes in sympathetic ganglia of patients treated surgically for palmar-axillary hyperhidrosis. A study of 55 biopsies].

INTRODUCTION: Primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) mainly affects the sympathetic ganglia. This study aims to analyze the histopathological changes in the sympathetic ganglia of patients with PPH. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We studied 55 tissue samples from 35 patients with PPH who underwent T2-T3 gangliectomy for definitive treatment of their disease, analyzing the presence of inflammation, chromatolysis and lipofuscin accumulation. Findings were analyzed in relation to age, compensatory sweating and type of surgery: unilateral, synchronic bilateral or sequential bilateral. RESULTS: We found inflammation in 5.5%, chromatolysis in 61.8% and lipofuscin accumulation in 41.8% of the samples. Chromatolysis and lipofuscin were found without inflammation in 32.1%. Chromatolysis and lipofuscin accumulation were each found in 60% of the samples from synchronic bilateral sympathectomies. However, those percentages decreased between the first and second sympathectomies in sequential procedures, such that chromatolysis was found in 71.4% of first-procedure samples and 42.8% of second-procedure samples; the rates for lipofuscin accumulation changed from 64.2% to 14.2%. Although findings were unrelated to age, they did correlate with compensatory sweating, which was found in 79.7% of patients undergoing synchronic bilateral sympathectomy, 78.5% of sequential bilateral sympathectomy patients and only 56.25% of unilateral sympathectomy patients. CONCLUSIONS: Neuronal death and lipofuscin accumulation unrelated to inflammation are evident in sympathetic ganglia from patients with PPH. Such changes are atypical for a group of patients whose mean age is 29 years, unless such lesions are the result of functional hyperstimulation. Surgery performed sequentially does not lead to overloading of contralateral T2-T3 ganglia; on the contrary, decreased injury is evident.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin.

Focal idiopathic and episodic eccrine sweating of the axillae, palms, soles, and face troubles afflicted individuals with a social curse that can only be imagined by those whose hands or underarms dampen only occasionally. Although there is no accurate incidence in the epidemiology literature, it seems that about half of the patients who have presented to the author with this condition have at least one first-degree relative similarly affected. Social stigma, lack of understanding on the part of medical providers as to the cause and nature of the problem, and lack of effective therapy keeps most of these patients from seeking medical care. This article investigates the treatment of hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed1993

Unilateral hyperhidrosis associated with intrathoracic IgD lambda myelomatous tumour.

Localized sympathetic over-activity is a rare manifestation of intrathoracic malignancy. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with a right-sided hyperhidrosis limited to the face, trunk and upper extremities; this revealed a left paraspinal intrathoracic IgD lambda myelomatous tumour. The episodes of sweating were abolished by local radiotherapy, concomitant with the disappearance of the tumour.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Partial pulmonary sympathetic denervation by thoracoscopic D2-D3 sympathicolysis for essential hyperhidrosis: effect on the pulmonary diffusion capacity.

In patients with essential hyperhidrosis (EH), a pathological condition characterized by increased activity of the upper dorsal sympathetic ganglia D2-D3, anatomical interruption at the D2-D3 level by thoracoscopic sympathicolysis (TS) is a safe and effective treatment. The D2 and D3 ganglia, however, are also in the pathway of sympathetic lung innervation, which may influence the pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (expressed as transfer factor for CO:TLCO, and as transfer coefficient for CO:KCO). We therefore studied the effect of TS on TLCO and KCO in 50 EH patients: compared with pre-operative values, both TLCO (-6.7%, P < 0.001) and KCO (-4.2%, P = 0.002) were significantly decreased at 6 weeks after bilateral TS, an effect which was independent of the smoking status of the patients. In order to explain this phenomenon, the following pharmacological interventions were studied: (1) oral beta 1 + 2-adrenoreceptor blockade with propranolol caused a comparable decrease of TLCO (-6.3%) and KCO (-7.5%) in matched normal subjects, but had no effect on TLCO and KCO in EH patients prior to TS; and (2) subsequent inhalation of the beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonist salbutamol in a dosage suspected to cause alveolar beta-receptor stimulation had no effect on TLCO and KCO, neither in the normal subjects, nor in EH patients (before and after TS). Although the exact mechanism of the TS-induced decrease in TLCO and KCO remains speculative, these findings suggest that they may be related to a beta 1-adrenoreceptor-mediated change in pulmonary capillary membrane permeability, although TS-induced changes in pulmonary blood flow or an interplay of both mechanisms cannot be excluded.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Electrophysiological study of a case of diffuse loss of sweating with segmental hyperhidrosis associated with areflexia.

Electrophysiological investigations were carried out on a 43 year-old man with segmental hyperhidrosis in three radicular territories, generalized anhidrosis elsewhere and areflexia. A recurrent labial herpetic rash and a history of sweating disorders in his grandfather were the only associated clinical data. Sympathetic skin response was found to be absent in anhidrotic territories, including the hands and feet, although it was present in hyperhidrotic territories. Peripheral adrenergic sympathetic fibers evaluated by photoplethysmography were normally responsive, as were visceral vegetative regulations involved in cardiovascular control during postural changes or exercise. The present case is compared to the previously described Ross Syndrome, associating segmental hypohidrosis, areflexia and tonic pupils. Our results and observations in the literature are consistent with the occurrence of lesions affecting postganglionic cholinergic fibres of the sympathetic system.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of hyperhidrosis and drooling with botulinum exotoxin.

The treatment of focal hyperhidrosis and drooling with neurolysis of the neuroglandular junction is a relatively new and useful technique for managing such obvious conditions and improving the patient's quality of life. The treatment is safe, minimally invasive, and an effective alternative to other treatment modalities.

Anti-Dyskinesia Agents↗
PubMed2000

Excitability recovery curve of the sympathetic skin response in healthy volunteers and patients with palmar hyperhidrosis.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) might exhibit hyperexcitability of the reflex circuits involved in sweating. We hypothesized that this hyperexcitability could become evident in the study of the excitability recovery curve of the sympathetic sudomotor skin response (SSR). METHODS: In 10 patients with PPH and 10 healthy volunteers used as control subjects, we recorded the SSR in the palm of the right hand to pairs of median nerve electrical shocks separated by inter-stimuli intervals (ISIs) ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 s. The amplitude of the SSR generated by the second stimulus (SSR2) was expressed as a percentage of that generated by the first (SSR1), and compared between control subjects and patients for each ISI. RESULTS: None of the control subjects showed a recovery of the SSR for ISIs of 1.5 s or less. On the contrary, patients showed a statistically significant enhancement of the SSR excitability recovery curve, with onset of recovery at 1.5 s in 5 patients. Two patients showed a double peak response to single electrical stimulation and were not considered in the calculation of the SSR recovery curve. Mean excitability recovery percentages were larger in patients than in control subjects at ISIs of 2, 2.5 and 3 s. CONCLUSIONS: The enhancement of the SSR recovery curve in patients with PPH suggests hyperexcitability of the somatosympathetic polisynaptic pathway involved in sweating. This could partly underlie the pathophysiology of PPH.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Patterns of palmar skin temperature alterations during transthoracic endoscopic T2 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis.

Transthoracic endoscopic T2 sympathectomy has been widely applied to the treatment of a variety of sympathetically mediated disorders. Palmar hyperhidrosis is probably the most common indication for thoracic sympathectomy, especially in certain subtropical areas. Which sympathetic ganglion is to be ablated and how extensive such ablation is enough to eliminate palm sweating are two important issues. Intraoperative monitoring of palmar skin temperature (PST) is the most frequently used method for assessing the accuracy as well as adequacy of ablation of the target sympathetic ganglia. With continuous monitoring of bilateral PST during the operative course of T2 sympathectomy, it was possible to depict the alterations of bilateral PST in response to specific surgical procedures in a real-time manner. For each case, a PST graph was obtained, which represented the graphical expression of intraoperatively recorded bilateral PST data plotted against time. The PST graphs of 93 consecutive cases were analysed. Three types of PST graphs existed, reflecting different responses of bilateral PST to different surgical procedures during the operation. In Type I PST graph pattern, found in 58 cases, skin incision and intercostal muscle dissection caused dramatic bilateral PST drop; and unilateral T2 sympathectomy induced synchronous bilateral PST elevation. Twenty-four cases demonstrated Type II PST graph pattern, in which unilateral T2 sympathectomy caused only ipsilateral PST elevation, although the PST-depressing effect of skin incision and muscle dissection was as significant as in Type I graph pattern. In the 11 cases who showed Type III PST graph pattern, neither skin incision nor T2 sympathectomy induced any apparent changes of PST on either side, giving rise to two rather flat PST curves on the PST graphs. These findings implicate that reciprocal interactions between bilateral sympathetic activities exist in the majority of cases, and that crossover sympathetic modulation may play a role in the neural control of the sudomotor and vasomotor activities of the palms. This study also provides information regarding how PST would possibly change following specific surgical procedures during transthoracic endoscopic T2 sympathectomy, which may be of importance to those who use intraoperative PST monitoring as a guide in determining whether or not the correct sympathetic ganglia are ablated for adequate sympathetic denervation of the palms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The significance of hyperhidrosis in patients with post-traumatic syringomyelia.

Eight patients are described with post-traumatic syringomyelia. In each of the eight, excessive sweating was the first feature of the disease, although it was only the main problem with two. Usually specific enquiry must be made to elicit the history of hyperhidrosis. The special features of the sweating are: it may occur above or below the level of transection; it tends to occur in dermatomes whose sensation is later altered by the syrinx; it is of excessive quantity; it may be affected by posture; it is related to central temperature but not to visceral reflexes; in patients with a complete cord transection who are 'neurologically silent' it is the only indicator of a descending syrinx; it ceased after surgical drainage of the syrinx cavity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The prevalence of hyperhidrosis in patients with spinal cord injuries and an evaluation of the effect of dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride in therapy.

The prevalence of annoying hyperhidrosis (HH) in patients with spinal cord traumatic lesions was investigated by a questionnaire. A total of 192 patients were sent the questionnaire, 154 patients answered, and 41 patients reported annoying sweating. Of these 41 patients, 13 had a somatic underlying cause and 28 indicated having annoying HH without a contributing somatic cause. Twenty-five patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) were included in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial using dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride (DP) in a slow release form (Abalgin Retard 150 mg Benzon Pharma A/S, Copenhagen) twice a day, for the treatment of annoying HH. Nineteen patients with lesions between C4 and L4 completed the study. Eight found the active drug to be so effective that they wanted to continue the treatment while 3 preferred placebo. Six patients dropped out, 5 due to adverse effects. There was a trend towards an effect on sweating in daytime (p = 0.08-0.14). Given that the patients had a preference, which 15 of 19 had, the true frequency of patients preferring active treatment ranged from 32 to 84% (95% exact confidence limits). For those with SCI above T6 level the limits ranged from 40 to 97%. We conclude that in spite of the lack of statistically significant effect, it seems worthwhile to try DP for annoying HH, especially in patients with lesions above T6 level.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Liposuction for axillary hyperhidrosis.

A 23-year-old woman presented with a 10 year history of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), mostly in the axillae, and to a lesser extent the groin and hands. Initial treatment with a sedative antihistamine and topical Driclor (aluminium chloride hexahydrate in 2% alcohol) for 14 weeks resulted in no improvement. Axillary liposuction, a short and simple procedure, then produced a very satisfactory result.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Axillary hyperhidrosis: eccrine or apocrine?

We review the literature regarding axillary hyperhidrosis, discuss normal sweat gland function and postulate on the respective roles of the eccrine, apocrine and apo-eccrine glands in the pathophysiology of excessive axillary sweating.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed1997

Plasma catecholamine concentrations in essential hyperhidrosis and effects of thoracoscopic D2-D3 sympathicolysis.

Essential hyperhidrosis (EH) is caused by a poorly understood overactivity of the sympathetic fibres passing through the upper dorsal sympathetic ganglia D2 and D3. These ganglia are also in the pathway of the sympathetic innervation of the heart and lungs. Therefore, although the predominant sympathetic neurotransmitter at the eccrine sweat glands is acetylcholine, the plasma concentration of noradrenaline (NA) (which is the main sympathetic neurotransmitter at the end organs including the heart and the lungs) may be elevated. Furthermore, as there are some indications for generalized sympathetic overactivity in EH, the plasma concentration of adrenaline (A) may also be elevated. Plasma levels of NA and A were therefore determined in 13 EH patients before and after thoracoscopic D2-D3 sympathicolysis (TS). Preoperative NA and A plasma levels were all within the normal limits used in our laboratory. After TS, mean NA plasma levels are significantly decreased, whereas mean A are unchanged. We conclude that sympathetic overactivity in EH is limited to the upper dorsal sympathetic ganglia and that some of the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects that are observed after TS may be associated with the decrease in NA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Bradycardia and permanent pacing after bilateral thoracoscopic T2-sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis.

A 23-year-old woman with craniofacial hyperhidrosis underwent bilateral thoracoscopic T2-sympathectomy. Marked sinus bradycardia with a mean heart rate of 49 beats/min by Holter ECG monitoring occurred after the procedure and persisted for > 2 years. Normal sinus node function was found by an invasive electrophysiological study and unopposed vagotonia after sympathectomy was diagnosed. A permanent pacemaker was implanted. Although reduced heart rate is a common phenomenon after bilateral dorsal sympathectomy, intractable bradycardia with permanent pacing is rare. This patient demonstrates one of the potential cardiac complications of bilateral sympathectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Palmar hyperhidrosis CT guided chemical percutaneous thoracic sympathectomy.

Palmar hyperhidrosis or excessive sweating of the hands causes, to those affected, emotional and physical disturbance and impediment in professional and social life. The cause is unknown. Sweat glands are innervated by the sympathetic chain of the autonomous nervous system. The center of sympathetic regulation of the upper extremities is located between the segments of D.2-D.9 of the spinal cord. Accepted treatment consists of surgery aimed to excise the third thoracic sympathetic ganglion. Besides the surgical procedure as such, and its complications, there are complications inherent to the excision of the ganglion. These are Horner's syndrome, compensatory sweating in other parts of the body, and recurrence of sweating. CT guided chemical percutaneous thoracic sympathectomy presents an alternative, which in the event of failure does not prevent ensuing surgery. The preliminary experience with this procedure in 50 patients is presented and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Trans-axillary transpleural sympathectomy for Palmar hyperhidrosis in children--a 3 to 7 year follow-up of 9 cases.

Primary palmar hyperhidrosis can be a most unpleasant and distressing affliction. When normal daily activities, viz. writing, schoolwork, are interfered with and other treatments have failed, surgery is indicated. Between 1983-1987 9 children (6 F, 3 M), mean age 10.2 years (range 5-14 years) underwent bilateral transaxillary sympathectomy, 4 simultaneous and 5 1-4 weeks apart. On 14 sides a standard excision of dorsal ganglia (DG) 2, 3, and 4 was performed. The technique of lateral displacement of the sympathetic chain after transection distal to DG 4 and division of preganglionic fibres of DG 4, 3 and 2 was used on 5 sides. In addition to clinical evaluation a pilocarpine stimulation test was performed on the palms of the hands before and at follow-up 3-7 years after surgery. 17/18 hands appeared sympathectomised at early follow-up. One inadequate result required reoperation. Other complications included 2 Horner's syndromes--1 transient and 1 mild but permanent; 3 temporary intercostobrachial paraesthesias, 2 mild late recurrences of sweating and 2 compensatory increases in sweating. In 14 palms where sweat volume was measured before and 3-7 years after surgery there was a mean decrease in sweat of 84% (mg), those sweating the most prior to surgery having the best response. In 2 further palms insufficient sweat was obtained for testing. All but 1 considered the procedure worthwhile. Transaxillary transpleural sympathectomy is a safe, effective, and cosmetically acceptable operation to control symptoms of excessive palmar sweating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗