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Results for “Injections, Intramuscular”

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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Distraction intervention for preschoolers undergoing intramuscular injections and subcutaneous port access.

This study evaluated a distraction intervention designed to reduce the distress of preschool children undergoing repeated chemotherapy injections. Twenty-nine children aged 2-5 years were randomly assigned either to distraction by a developmentally appropriate electronic toy or to a wait-list control. Children who received the distraction intervention demonstrated lower overt behavioral distress and were rated by parents and nurses as less anxious than children in the control condition. The improvements were maintained over the 8-week intervention. The results suggest that a developmentally appropriate, multisensory, variable-distracting activity that requires active cognitive processing and active motor responses may be a viable cost-effective alternative to more time-intensive parent-training programs for preschool-age children.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Histopathologic effects of the single intramuscular injection of ketamine, atropine and midazolam in a rat model.

Ketamine and atropine are often combined in a single syringe for im injection for pediatric conscious sedation; however, the effort of adding midazolam to this combination has not been studied. We investigated the single im injection of ketamine, atropine and midazolam (KAM) to determine if it causes histologic damage around the injection site in a rat model. Group 1 (n = 12) received a single in injection of ketamine, atropine and midazolam in the proportion given during pediatric conscious sedation. Group 2 (n = 12) received an equal volume of isotonic saline im. Group 3 (n = 5) received ketamine and atropine (KA), and a single rat (normal) received no injection. Four rats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 7 days post-injection, except group 3 KA rats were all sacrificed at 7 d. The injected limbs were harvested, fixed in formalin, decalcified in hydrochloric acid, cut, and mounted on slides. A pathologist examined the slides blinded to the slide label. On d 1 the injection sites of all groups had myocyte degeneration and necrosis with histiocytic infiltrates as well as perimysial edema and hemorrhage. These changes in varying degrees through d 3. By d 7 all histopathological processes had resolved in the saline injected rats and there was mild to no damage in the KA-injected rats. All rats that received KAM injections still had persistent pathologic changes 7 d post-injection. There was histologic evidence that ketamine, atropine and midazolam combination may lead to long-lasting, degenerative changes at the site of the im injection.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2003

Intramuscular injection of interleukin-10 plasmid DNA prevented autoimmune diabetes in mice.

AIM: To investigate the effect of plasmid coding interleukin-10 (IL-10) DNA on the development of autoimmune diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. METHODS: Injection of STZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was given daily for five consecutive days. pcDNA3-IL-10 plasmid (IL-10-treated group) or pcDNA3-null plasmid (pcDNA3-null-treated group) (100 microg DNA once a day) were injected into skeletal muscles of mice on d 1 and d 14. Blood glucose concentration was measured. After mice were killed on d 28, serum IFN-gamma level was measured by ELISA, and pancreatic IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression was detected by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from spleen was detected using FACS. In addition, pancreatic histology was measured for determination of insulitis grades. RESULTS: Treatment with pcDNA3-IL-10 resulted in the retention and expression of the vector in skeletal muscle, associated with a considerable elevation in the plasma level of IL-10, which was not observed in pcDNA3-null-treated mice. In IL-10-treated diabetic mice induced by STZ, delay-type hypersensitivity responses were suppressed and the glucose level was greatly lower on d 14, 21, and 28 than pcDNA3-null-treated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On d 21 and 28 the incidence of diabetes was 33.3% and 40.0%, respectively, which was markedly lower than that of pcDNA3-null-treated group (P<0.05). In IL-10-treated mice pancreatic IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression was depressed, and serum IFN-gamma concentration and the number of spleen CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes were decreased on d 28. The insulitis grades of IL-10-treated mice were lower than that of pcDNA3-null-treated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of IL-10 plasmid DNA can alleviate insulitis of experimental autoimmune diabetes in mice and reduce incidence of diabetes.

Animals↗