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PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional integration of the nervous tissue of the rat following xenotransplantation into the brain of a rabbit].

Surviving grafts of the nervous tissue taken from the septum and hippocampus of rat embryos and xenotransplanted into the rabbit's brain were observed in 4 out of 6 animals 2-3 months after surgery. The grafts contacted the neocortex or hippocampus of the recipients. Extracellular recording of neuronal activity in the grafts revealed spontaneous discharges with normal patterns and without any signs of pathology. Electrical stimulation of the recipients' brain (contralateral hippocampus, mesencephalic reticular formation, posterior cingulate cortex) induced changes of spontaneous discharges in 41% of the units in the grafts. Diffuse tonic shifts of the level of discharge were usually observed, though driving effects (in two units) were also encountered. Reactions to sensory stimulation of the recipients were observed in 61% of grafted units. Excitatory and inhibitory reactions, tonic, phasic and specific on-effects were evoked mainly by auditory and somatosensory stimuli. The data show the possibility of integration of xenografted tissue with the brain of the recipient and of its participation in processing of sensory information.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

Structural and functional integrity of chondrocytes immediately following isolation.

Chondrocytes were isolated from costal cartilage in young rats after digestion with collagenase and hyaluronidase. The immediate survival of the cells was investigated with the use of different criteria for viability, namely structural integrity and metabolic activity. Structural integrity was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, trypan blue exclusion and NADH oxidation. Metabolic activity was measured both as O2 consumption and as proline and sulphate incorporation, as indicators of collagen and proteoglycan synthesis. The cellular content of glutathione was also measured. The chondrocytes isolated were found to be structurally intact and metabolically active. Early after isolation the chondrocytes varied considerably in size similarly to the native tissue. A selective loss of the larger sized cells was observed during further incubation for 24 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Functional integrity of cryopreserved human monocytes.

Human peripheral blood monocytes collected by semicontinuous flow centrifugation were cryopreserved in varying concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Optimum protection from lethal cryoinjury was achieved with 7.5-10% DMSO. Compared to fresh cells, cryopreserved cells retained 80% of their chemotactic responsiveness and fructose-6-phosphate shunt activity after stimulation by zymosan. Fresh and cryopreserved human monocytes had comparable but low levels of cytotoxic activity against P-815 murine mastocytoma cells in vitro.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1978

The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline-derived hallucinogens on sensory-integrative function: tactile startle.

Tactile startle responding by male Sprague-Dawley rats given 60 presentations of air-puff stimuli (37.5 psi) was measured after the intraperitoneal administration of graded doses of hallucinogens and other psychoactive drugs. Among the drugs tested were the indoleamine-derived compounds, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine and psilocin, and the phenylethylamine-derived compounds, mescaline, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine and a series of active and inactive congeners of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine. All of the active phenylethylamines increased startle response magnitudes throughout the test session. This pattern of augmented startle suggests that these drugs increase reactivity. However, none of the indoleamine hallucinogens increased startle responding. Of the nonhallucinogenic drugs tested, only apomorphine increased startle responding, while clonidine significantly decreased it, and amphetamine, chlorimipramine, scopolamine and methysergide had no effect. In additional studies with LSD, it was found that LSD increased the response to only the first stimulus when more intense air-puffs were used (50 psi). Furthermore, when the number of stimuli was increased from 60 to 240 (1 hr) so that appreciable habituation was evident in controls, LSD impaired this habituation. Whereas the response magnitudes of the control group decreased by 70% across the session, the responses of LSD-treated rats decreased by only 32%. These results suggest that LSD and phenylethylamine-derived hallucinogens may differ in their effects on tactile startle responding.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Intersystemic functional integration under the action on the body of electromagnetic factors].

Frequency zones of the brain electrical activity, heart rate and respiration were studied through certain parameters characterised by individual asymmetry and low but stable intersystemic integration. Chronic electromagnetic irradiation reduced a resistance against an emotional stress as manifested in a "decay" of individual spatial-temporal infrastructure of informational parameters of the EEG, heart rate and respiration.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1993

Functional integrity of the central and sympathetic nervous systems is a prerequisite for pressor and tachycardic effects of diphenyleneiodonium, a novel inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.

The pressor and tachycardic effects of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a novel inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with chemical structure different from those of NG-substituted Arg analogs, were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Bolus injections of DPI (0.05-1.6 mg/kg i.v.) caused transient (1-2 min in duration) and dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) with ED50 of 0.22 +/- 0.02 mg/kg and maximum effect (Emax) of 58 +/- 3 mm Hg, and heart rate (HR) with ED50 of 0.26 +/- 0.03 mg/kg and Emax of 60 +/- 5 beats/min. Pretreatments with tetrodotoxin, reserpine, guanethidine, mecamylamine, but not atropine, rauwolscine, captopril nor L-Arg, attenuated the MAP and HR responses to DPI. Phentolamine and prazosin attenuated the MAP but not HR response whereas propranolol attenuated the HR but not MAP response of DPI. Pithing abolished, whereas spinal cord transection reduced, the MAP and HR responses to DPI. Pithing did not alter the pressor response but blocked the reflex bradycardic response to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Bolus injection of a single dose of DPI (1.6 mg/kg i.v.) or NG-nitro-L-arginine increased MAP, but only DPI caused immediate and large increases (> 1 ng/ml) in plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and moderate increase in dopamine; pretreatment with reserpine attenuated, whereas pithing abolished these increases. The increases in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine by DPI were positively correlated to increases in MAP and HR. The results demonstrate that DPI, unlike NG-substituted Arg analogs, produces pressor and tachycardic effects via indirect activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1977

[Structural and functional integration of the processes of membrane hydrolysis and transport ("permeome" hypothesis)].

It was suggested and experimentally proved that the transport system's input is a part of an enzyme-transport ensemble and an allosteric regulator of enzyme activity. In special experiments, a typical for cooperation sygmoidal kinetics of saccharose and maltose hydrolysis was shown, as well as of their hydrolysis products transport, if the enzyme is involved in the actively transporting intestine mucosa. On the contrary, it is the hyperbolic curve which is specific for isolated digestive enzymes and for glucose accumulation. Replacement of oxygen with nitrogen and specific blockage of the glucose transporting agent with floridzine leads to disappearance or sharp reducing of the sygmoidality. The term "ergome" is suggested for designation of the minimal ensemble of elements able to carry out an elementary physiological process, the term "permeome"--for the transporting ergome.

Allosteric Regulation↗
PubMed1998

[Urinary function integrity in the elderly person].

How can nurses help preserve the integrity of elimination in the elderly? Further, what new perspectives must they bring to practice? First, health professionals must rid themselves of their misconceptions, especially the belief that incontinence is "normal" in the aging process. The authors provide avenues for reflection and action, with a view to arriving at a dynamic clinical practice focusing on quality of life and the well-being of the individual. In terms of new perspectives, nurses are encouraged to stop limiting themselves to assisting with personal hygiene because this deprives the client of possible recourse to a better adaptation. Nurses must no longer dispense comfort by reassuring the incontinent person that "there's no harm done". This message ignores the real-life experience associated with the problem and reinforces the idea of normality. Assessment of the client's condition must go beyond the superficial and instead target interventions that lead to a resolution. Updating the caregiver's and the client's knowledge, enhancing the nurse's role in prevention and treatment, combining various approaches to care and improving communication are good places to start.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Functioning of integrative vectors, based on phage phi C 31, in the strain Streptomyces bambergiensis 712].

Actinomycete integrative vectors were constructed. The vectors contain the Escherichia coli plasmid ColE1 replicon, the thiostrepton resistance gene used for selection in Streptomyces and a fragment of the phi C31 actinophage genome with integrative functions. The pS133 and PS135 vector DNAs transformed Streptomyces bambergiensis 712, a strain producing the phosphoglycolipid antibiotic moenomycin. Two types of the transformants were detected. The first type was not affected in the ability to produce moenomycin and the vector pS135 DNA was shown to integrate into the S. bambergiensis 712 genome by the site-specific pattern with the psi C31 phage DNA fragment. The second type of the transformants lost the ability to produce moenomycin. The Southern analysis and cloning of the inserted DNA indicated that in this case the vector pS135 and pS133 DNAs also integrated specifically into the genome but the integration took place not within the phage DNA fragment. Its realization was suggested to proceed via homologous recombination.

Bacteriophages↗