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PubMed2002

Characteristics of educational software use in 106 clinical laboratories.

The University of Washington, Seattle, has developed educational software for clinical laboratories. We used a 32-question survey to study software implementation. Of 106 clinical laboratories (response rate, 60%) that purchased the software and completed the survey, 89 laboratories (84%) that reported using the software formed the basis for the study. The most common software users were laboratory personnel, followed by medical technologist or medical laboratory technician students, residents, and medical students; the mean (SD) number of personnel categories using the software per laboratory was 1.8 (0.8). The most common reasons for use were initial instruction, cross-training, and competency assessment. The most frequent setting for software use was an area where laboratory testing occurred, followed by a dedicated training location, a location chosen by the employee, a classroom, and a distance learning mode. On a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent), the average satisfaction rating as an instructional tool was 4.4 and as a competency assessment tool, 4.2. Compared with laboratories in hospitals with 400 beds or fewer, laboratories in hospitals with more than 400 beds used the software for more categories of users (P = .008), had a higher proportion of laboratories using it for residents (P = .003), and had a higher proportion of laboratories with dedicated training areas (P = .02).

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1998

Attitude of laboratory personnel towards accreditation.

A multiple choice questionnaire was submitted to medical technologists in three medical laboratories, at varying times after obtaining an EN 45001 accreditation. A large majority (85-90 per cent) considered that their workload was increased by the accreditation process. In two laboratories, the technologists did not think that the accreditation process had improved the quality of the results. The major advantages were the fact that everything was traceable, that the technologists felt more sure about the procedures to follow, received more responsibilities and had a better knowledge of the tests they performed. The major disadvantages were the increased paperwork, discrepancies between the procedures and the reality, the fact that more attention is paid to the formalities than to the quality of the results and that the accreditation process decreased the adaptability. The number of advantages mentioned seemed to increase with the interval since the accreditation. A small majority of the technologists preferred working in an accredited laboratory than in a non accredited one.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1989

Detection of the gene rearrangement in chronic myelogenous leukemia with biotinylated gene probes.

The breakpoint cluster region gene rearrangement associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia is becoming important in the diagnosis and management of the disease. At this time, the ability to demonstrate the gene rearrangement is limited to a few research laboratories. The problem results partially from unfamiliarity of medical laboratory personnel with DNA technology, but more because of the restricted use of radiolabeled phosphorus in hospital laboratories. With the introduction of biotinylated deoxynucleotides, nucleic acid hybridization procedures can now be performed without the use of radioisotopically labeled gene probes. This article describes the use of biotin-labeled gene probes to detect the gene rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region of chromosome 22 in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The techniques are reproducible, sensitive, and safe. With the procedures described in this article, the assay can become more available to medical laboratories interested in offering this diagnostic and decision-making tool.

Biotin↗
PubMed2005

Healthy workplace environments support a nurturing student educational climate.

Due to the shortage of medical laboratory scientist personnel in the United States, the successful integration of students into the Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) profession is vital. Education Facilitators are being used increasingly to assist clinical site managers in actively supporting and contributing to a healthier workplace environment, thereby inspiring students to become part of the organization. Education Facilitators associated with a single university-based MLS Program were the participant target group in a study. Face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five Education Facilitators at two clinical sites. The findings of this study suggest that organizational efforts to improve the learning environment for MLS students should focus on providing a supportive and nurturing educational climate. Education Facilitators' descriptions revealed an organizational leadership that communicated a commitment to provide people, space, and equipment in an effort to promote a positive clinical rotation experience. Additionally, the facilitators expressed a need to "pay more attention to students," be "willing to work with students," and make sure the students don't get "lost in the shuffle." They said that concern for a healthy work/life balance should be communicated to MLS students through day-to-day educational contact with bench technologists and Education Facilitators.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2004

Integration of data derived from biological variation into the quality management system.

BACKGROUND: [corrected] Data on within- and between-subject biological variation are available for around 250 analytes commonly used in medical laboratories. METHODS: Integration of this data into the quality system occurs at all three levels of laboratory activity: (a) Preanalytic process: biological variation provides the basis for selecting the most appropriate specimen for analysis, for defining sample stability and for deciding suitable timing between samplings; (b) analytic process: biological variation-derived goals are fundamental for designing internal quality control procedures, and for evaluating laboratory performance; and (c) postanalytic process: delta checks based on within-subject biological variation values are used for validating results and for interpreting serial results from a patient. CONCLUSION: The biological variation is a pillar for managing quality in laboratory medicine.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed2004

Gender disparity amongst TB suspects and new TB patients according to data recorded at the South African Institute of Medical Research laboratory for the Western Cape Region of South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sex and age distribution of sputum submission and smear positivity in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. METHOD: Laboratory registers of the South African Institute of Medical Research were examined retrospectively for the year 1999. RESULTS: Male tuberculosis (TB) suspects outnumbered females by 1.45:1, whereas amongst confirmed TB cases the ratio was 2.08:1. The odds ratio (OR) for smear positivity amongst males and females was 1.544. The proportion of male sputum positives significantly exceeded the proportion of males in the general population, as measured by the 1996 census. Not only did the number of male TB suspects and confirmed cases exceed that of females in absolute terms, but the proportion of male suspects proving smear-positive exceeded that of females. The age by sex distribution of new smear-positive patients followed the trend reported in recent literature. CONCLUSION: The gendered incidence of tuberculosis identified from this census is consistent with that of other developing countries. However, the smaller proportion of female TB suspects proving smear-positive suggests a higher index of suspicion in females and/or longer delays prior to care seeking amongst males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Problems in the further development of postgraduate training in industrial sanitary chemistry for the laboratory physicians of epidemiological health stations].

The article narrates on the domain of the sanitary inspection medical laboratory workers' supervision in the field of industrial chemistry and their experience in handling different physical and chemical analysis techniques. It is indicated that sanitary inspection medical laboratory personnel requires constant postgraduate training. Proposed is the respective training programme adopted at the Institute for Postgraduate Training of Physicians, Moscow, which includes samples' selection, physical and chemical analysis testing and application in specific conditions, statistical assessment of the results obtained. The programme also includes the hygienic aspects, e. i. current sanitary control, labour hygiene in different gas discharge-related conditions. Practical training is performed in small groups of 2 or 3 persons, thus facilitating adoption of skills in using various analysis techniques. Initial, current and intermediate control, tests and situational analysis are used in the training process.

Chemistry↗
PubMed1996

Quality assurance in occupational and environmental laboratory medicine.

In a medical laboratory service, quality assurance (QA) concerns all those actions necessary to provide confidence that the results of laboratory tests will satisfy defined standards for quality. Taking into account the type of testing concerned and the techniques involved, quality assurance will encompass all steps taken to ensure that laboratory results are reliable. It covers the use of scientifically and technically sound practices for laboratory investigations, including selection, collection, transport, identification, storage, preparation and manipulation of specimens and recording, reporting and interpretation of the results. QA refers also to other activities designed to improve the reliability of investigations such as staff training and management, evaluation of the adequacy of the laboratory environment, maintenance and calibration of instruments and the use of technically validated and properly documented methods. All these activities should be described in a quality manual. This document is a prerequisite to obtain certification of the quality system or laboratory accreditation, according to the International Standard ISO 29000 series or the European Standard EN 45001, respectively.

Accreditation↗