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Slaughter weight loss attributable to pregnancy in feedlot heifers was determined by immediate postmortem weighing of uteri and uterine contents of pregnant heifers. For each 10% pregnant animals within a group of slaughter heifers, the dressing percentage was reduced for the entire group by 0.66%.
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A functional analysis and investigation was carried out on the character of labour input of vets responsible for the veterinary and sanitary control in the field of meat production and processing at five meat combines of variable volume of production and equipped with different technical means. Photos and self-photos of the working time and chronometric studies were made to find the amount of work done by vets for the specific types of activity. Investigations showet that all veterinary types of work guaranteeing an overall veterinary and sanitary control on the animals and products derived from them, including the keeping of specific veterinary records required 10 min. for a large animal, 4.8 min. for a swine, and 2.6 min. for a small ruminant. On the basis of these time-consuming norms labour stansardization and normatives for the number of persons engaged in the veterinary service responsible for the veterinary-and-sanitary control in the meat-producing combines were worked out.
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Gut samples from 50 nonselected slaughtered chickens were obtained in two poultry processing plants and cultured for Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella. Positive results were obtained in 84% and 4%, respectively. Viable C. jejuni and Salmonella were detected in every phase of processing, even during packaging for commercial purposes. Of surface samples taken from 118 slaughtered chickens prepared for delivery to consumers, 88 were contaminated by C. jejuni and 17 by Salmonella.
Present information indicates that for meat animals adipocyte number is achieved most rapidly in the perirenal depot and least rapidly in the interfascicular of intramuscular depot. Adipocyte volume appears to be largest in the perirenal depot and smallest in the interfascicular and intermuscular depots. The best estimates available suggest that adipocyte hyperplasia is completed by 14 months of age in bovine animals and 5 months of age in porcine animals. However, because of certain technique limitations and the presence of many small adipocytes in very obese animals, these estimates must be considered very tentative. Studies in ovine and porcine animals indicate that early under-nutrition is not effective in reducing the number of subcutaneous and perirenal adipocytes later in life. However, the number of interfascicular adipocytes may be reduced. Several studies have demonstrated that the interfascicular adipocytes are very late developing and that adipocyte number is very important to the total quantity of intramuscular lipid.
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Over 55% of 7161 people examined in different parts of Western Nigeria have positive Brucella abortus-antibodies in their sera. Higher incidence of titres were found among dairy farmers and slaughtermen than in the general population. The rates of infection among the human and the cattle populations in two farms studied were very similar. There was evidence of high rate of cross-infections going on in one of these farms: more than 63% of the herd in this farm showed serological evidence of active brucellosis. The socio-economic implications of high incidence of bovine brucellosis in a rapidly developing country, like Nigeria, are outlined. The need for the establishment of public health laboratories to facilitate early diagnosis of active disease and the necessity for full collaboration between the medical and veterinary professions for the proper control (and eradication) of brucellosis in Nigeria are discussed.
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The supervision programme of the Veterinary Chief Inspectorate of Public Health comprises nearly fifty projects, a number of which are discussed. This will give the authorities an opportunity to gain a more complete view of the state of the human food package, for which inspection of the individual animal in the slaughter-house does not so far offer any practical possibilities. Attention is drawn to the important place occupied by the veterinary nutritionist in the protection of human health.
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The authors studied the effects of liquid starter cultures on the survival of pathogenic germs. It was found that the foreign bacteria tested differed in growth limitation which is obviously dependent on acidity and the amount of lactic acid produced by fermentation. Since the pathogenic bacteria differ in the ability to survive, it is imperative to observe strict hygienic measures in preparing starter cultures and to use absolutely sterile monocultures for raw sausage ageing.