SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “MOLASSES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Short-term effect of antibiotic feeding on site and extent of digestion of growing and finishing diets in feedlot cattle.

Two metabolism trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of therapeutic antibiotic supplementation on characteristics of digestion of growing and finishing diets. Treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with: no antibiotics, 350 mg chlortetracycline and 350 mg sulfamethazine and 700 mg chlortetracycline and 700 mg sulfamethazine. In trial 1, treatment effects were evaluated in a replicated 3 X 3 Latin-square design experiment involving six crossbred steers (462 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. The basal diet contained (dry matter basis) 16.1% alfalfa hay, 72% steam flaked corn, 3.3% molasses, 5.8% fat, .96% urea, .79% limestone, .50% trace mineral salt, 33 mg/kg lasalocid, 2,200 IU/kg vitamin A and .44% chromic oxide. Dry matter intake was limited to 1.4% of body weight. In trial 2, treatment effects were evaluated in a 3 X 3 Latin-square design experiment involving three steers (399 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. The basal diet contained (dry matter basis) 10.1% sudangrass hay, 34.9% alfalfa hay, 43.9% steam flaked corn, 6.1% molasses, 4.0% fat, .46% urea, .49% trace mineral salt, 33 mg/kg lasalocid and 2,200 IU/kg vitamin A. Dry matter intake was limited to 1.65% of body weight. Antibiotic supplementation did not influence microbial efficiency, passage of microbial and feed N to the small intestine, or either ruminal or total tract digestion of organic matter and acid detergent fiber in either growing or finishing diets (P greater than .20).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Poultry offal ensiled with lactobacillus acidophilus for growing and finishing swine diets.

Poultry offal (heads, feet, viscera) from a broiler processing plant was ground and mixed with corn, dried molasses and a Lactobacillus acidophilus culture. Fermentation was shown to be effective in batch sizes of 3.8, 75.7 and 208.1 liters, as well as a 1,360-kg silo. It was generally complete at 72 h. In trial 1, rats were fed silage mixtures of 60:30:5:5, 45:45:5:5 and 30:60:5:5, offal, corn, molasses and inoculant, respectively. Rats did not gain as well when fed the silage diets (P less than .05) as when fed the basal diet; however, the ranking of silages was 45:45, 60:30 and 30:60, offal-to-corn ratio for rat daily gains and feed conversions. In trial 2, growing-finishing pigs were fed the 60:30:5:5 silage at rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the diet. Average daily gains and feed-to-gain ratios were not affected by including offal silage at up to 20% of the diet, but 30% offal silage in diets resulted in depressed gains (P less than .05) and increased feed-to-gain ratios. Carcasses were not different among treatments for dressing percentage, length, average backfat and percentage of ham, loin, shoulder, lean cuts and primal cuts. Carcasses from pigs fed 20 and 30% offal silage had significantly darker and firmer loin-eyes than those from control fed pigs. Marbling was higher (P less than .05) in loin-eyes from pigs fed 30% offal silage as compared with those from pigs fed 0% offal silage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1994

Dietary preferences in early lactation cows as affected by primary tastes and some common feed flavors.

A sequential elimination trial was conducted to test the effects of primary tastes on the preference ranking of TMR diets by six multiparous Holstein cows from 8 to 21 DIM. Four additives and a control were examined; the most preferred (highest total intake) was eliminated after segments of 5, 4, 3, and then 2 d. Diets tasting sweet (sucrose, 1.5% of dietary DM), sour (HCl, 1.25%), bitter (urea, 1%), and salty (NaCl, 4%) were tested. Four of the cows most preferred the sweet diet, and DMI of that diet averaged 12.8% more than for the control, which was next preferred. The probability of a diet being chosen first when all diets were presented together was sucrose, .59; control, .36; urea, .04; NaCl, .01; and HCl, .003. Another experiment used the same procedure; however, the additives tested were anise, monosodium glutamate, dehydrated alfalfa meal flavor, and molasses flavor (1.48 g of flavor/kg of DM). Control and monosodium glutamate ranked first equally. The probability of choosing each flavor first in this set was .5 for the control and monosodium glutamate diets and < .01 for molasses, alfalfa, and anise. Rankings were not significantly affected by variation among cows in either experiment. Of the additives tested, only sucrose seemed to have the potential to increase intake.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1994

Effects of concentrated separator dried beet pulp on nutrient digestibility, milk production, and preference of Holstein cattle.

Concentrated separator by-product was fed to cattle to determine TDN, milk production, and feed preference. The TDN content of concentrated separator by-product was determined using a substitution method involving a basal diet of alfalfa and grass hay and a treatment diet of alfalfa and grass hay plus 10% added concentrated separator by-product. Four ruminally cannulated cows in a replicated 2 x 2 Latin square design were used. The estimated TDN content of concentrated separator by-product was 59.3%. Twenty midlactation dairy cows were fed either a control ration containing 20% molasses dried beet pulp or a treatment ration containing 20% concentrated separator by-product dried beet pulp. Cows in the treatment group produced significantly less daily milk and 3.5% FCM than the control group. Percentages of milk fat, protein, lactose, and SNF were not different between treatments. Eight Holstein heifers were used to determine feed preference. Heifers were given a choice among 20% molasses dried beet pulp (control) or 10, 15, or 30% concentrated separator by-product dried beet pulp. Heifers showed no preference between 10 or 15% concentrated separator by-product dried beet pulp and control, but preferred the control over the 30% concentrated separator by-product dried beet pulp.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1980

Blood constituents of yeast fed chicks.

Two experiments on broiler chicks raised to 4 weeks of age were carried out to study the effects of replacing soybean protein in a semisynthetic diet with yeast protein from molasses (CEPAH). Criteria measured were body weight, feed efficiency, plasma urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, serum total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin-globulin ratios. Analysis of the data showed that yeast protein produced from molasses depressed growth and feed efficiency at levels 10, 15, and 20% of the diet. The effects of yeast protein on blood nitrogenous constituents were variable and not significant, but in general, the inclusion of yeast protein caused an increase in serum albumin and a decrease in serum globulin resulting in a higher albumin-globulin ratio. The changes observed in blood nitrogenous constituents in this study do not explain all the detrimental effects of yeast protein on growth and feed efficiency of chicks receiving high levels of such protein.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Evaluation for the regeneration efficiency of activated carbon by wet air oxidation].

It is well known that different regenerating techniques of activated carbon(AC) require the suitable evaluating methods for regeneration efficiency. In this paper, several methods for evaluating the regeneration efficiency of AC were compared and discussed by wet air oxidation(WAO) which were respectively based on different experimental protocols such as iodine value, molasses color adsorption, breckthrough profile, adsorption isotherm and standard reload experiment. The iodine value, molasses color adsorption and breckthrough profile yielded indefinitely PR values for WAO process, so they could not be applied to evaluate regeneration efficiency. And adsorption isotherm experiment was more correct because it compared isotherm loadings at the same equilibrium liquid phase concentrations, but this more laborious and time-consuming method was difficult to be widely used. The results also showed that the standard reload experiment was consequently picked out, easy to use and had high sensibility alternative to adsorption isotherm experiment. When controlling the WAO parameters at 250 degrees C, 0.6 MPa and 1 h, the regeneration efficiency arrived to 55%.

Air↗

PubMed2002

[Biosynthesis and accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Vibrio natriegens].

Accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)] by V. natriegens was studied. Results indicated that V. natriegens used glucose, gluconate, fructose and molasses as carbon sources for poly(3HB) synthesis. When molasses was used, up to 28.4% of poly(3HB) to cellular dry weight was accumulated. The accumulation of poly(3HB) followed, was not simultaneously to, the cell growth. Analysis of the PHA polymerase, beta-ketothiolase, and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase showed that the poly(3HB) accumulation was correlated to the increase of their activities in cells. Poly(3HB) accumulation was also related to the de novo fatty acid synthesis, as revealed by the results that cerulenin, a specific inhibitor to the de novo fatty acid synthesis, significantly reduced accumulation of poly(3HB). Based on the results from this study, the synthetic pathway of poly(3HB) was proposed.

Cerulenin↗

PubMed1976

[Coffee pulp and hulls. XI. Chemical characteristics of silaged coffee pulp with Napier grass (Pennisetum purpurem) and corn plant (Zea mays)].

Various physical and chemical changes that occur during the process of preparation of coffee pulp silage with the addition of molasses and forage, were identified and measured quantitatively. Three types of silage were prepared in duplicate in laboratory concrete silos, 45 cm wide and 50 cm high. The silages contained the following components: coffee pulp (EPC), pulp and Napier grass (EPCN), and pulp with corn fodder (EPCM). On a fresh basis, the last two contained equal proportions of coffee pulp and forage. Around 16% molasses were aded to all silages. Time of ensiling was 132 to 141 days. In order to determine the physical changes, the silage was weighed at the start and end of the ensiling period; the pH was determined at the end of same, and the drained liquids were measured during the experimental period. To determine the chemical changes, analyses were carried out on the various components used and on the mixtures ensiled at the start and at the end of the experimental period. The pH of the silage was 4.5, 4.3, and 3.8, and the losses of dry matter 10.6, 25.2, and 33.3% for the three types of silages, respectively. These percentages suggest that a better fermentation took place in those silages containing forages. The better fermentation of EPCN over EPC was due to the Napier grass which provided greater amounts of chemical components susceptible of fermentation than those found in coffee pulp. The quality of EPCM was superior due not only to the presence of corn fodder, which produced an effect similar to that of Napier grass, but also due to the fact that the coffee pulp used in this case contained the greater concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and lower levels of lignin than the coffee pulp used alone or with Napier grass. As a result of the fermentation process, in all three types of silage a decrease in dry matter content, of cellular contents and soluble carbohydrates was observed, as well as an increase in cellular walls and its components, and of protein. The magnitude of these changes was found to be directly related to the losses in dry matter. From the results of this research, it was concluded that the addition of forage improves the chemical characteristics of silage prepared from coffee pulp.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2006

Production and rheological characterization of biopolymer of Sphingomonas capsulata ATCC 14666 using conventional and industrial media.

This work was aimed at the production and rheological characterization of biopolymer by Sphingomonas capsulata ATCC 14666, using conventional and industrial media. The productivity reached the maximum of 0.038 g/L x h, at 208 rpm and 4% (w/v) of sucrose. For this condition, different concentrations of industrial medium were tested (2.66, 4, 6, and 8%). The best productivity was obtained using pretreated molasses 8% (w/v) (0.296 g/L x h), residue of textured soybean protein 6% (wt/v) (0.244 g/L x h) and crude molasses 8% (w/v) (0.192 g/L x h), respectively. Apparent viscosity presented similar results when compared with those in the literature for other biopolymers.

Biopolymers↗

PubMed1991

Ethanol production by thermotolerant yeast and its UV resistant mutants.

Six thermotolerant yeasts were isolated at 37 degrees C from over-ripe grapes by serial dilution technique using glucose yeast extract medium. Purified yeast cultures were screened for ethanol production at 37 degrees C by batch fermentation, using cane molasses containing 20% sugars. Sugar conversion efficiency of these isolates varied from 66.0 to 88.5% and ethanol productivity from 1.11 to 1.73 ml/l/h. The highest ethanol producing isolate was exposed to UV radiations and 13 mutants were picked up from the UV treatment exhibiting 0.1 to 1.0%, survival. The UV mutants varied in cell size from parent as well as among themselves. Determination of ethanol produced by all the mutants revealed that only five mutants resulted in 4.5 to 6.2% increase in sugar conversion and 8.25 to 18.56% increase in ethanol concentration coupled with maximum ethanol productivity of 2.4 ml/l/h in 48 h of batch fermentation of cane molasses (20% sugars) at 37 degrees C temperature.

Ethanol↗

PubMed1986

[Rate of passage of a non-traditional diet through the digestive tract in sheep].

The rate of passage of experimental diets based on non-conventional feeds through the alimentary tract of rams was studied. The composition of diets was as follows: barley straw (D-2, D-1), conditioned beech sawdust (D-2, D-1), waste cellulose fibre (D-2, D-1), lactosylureide (D-2), peanut waste (D-2), urea (D-1), wood molasses (D-2, D-1) and mineral supplement (D-2, W-1). The control feed (K) contained straw, barley, beet molasses and mineral supplement. As a marker was used a single application (50 g) of polyethylene (PE), particle size 0.4 mm and specific weight 0.924, which formed 3.9, 3.5 and 4% of the diet dry matter. After 10 days the recovery of polyethylene amounting to 81.23% (D-2), 84.78% (D-1) and 86.6% (K) was established. The polyethylene losses occurred most probably at its administration in feed (10-12%), elapsing of polyethylene excreted after 10 days following the administration (0.5-1.5%) and by potential retention in rumen and large intestine. Maximal excretion of feces was observed during the second day after administration of the markered feed; after three days the excretion was as follows: group D-2-62%, group D-1-57% and control group 75.6%. A longer retention time in rumen at feeding D-2 and D-1 diets can be contributed to a high content of fibre in these diets. The digestibility of dry matter in diet D-2 amounted to 61.2%, i n diet D-1 to 62.3% and in control diet to 68.7%. Higher digestibility of feed is in accordance with its higher excreting. As shown by the results, the diets based on non-conventional feeds (secondary wood sources) lead to the prolongation of feed retention time in rumen and slow down the rate of passage through the alimentary tract.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1986

[Silage of huizache (Acacia farnesiana, L. Willdt) as a potential resource in the feeding of goats].

Acacia farnesiana, L. Willd (huizache) is a leguminous plant that, because of its abundance, represents a forage resource for ruminant animals which up to this moment has not been effectively utilized. Bearing this fact in mind, the present research was focussed on investigating the silage method efficiency for conservation and improvement of its nutritive value. Considering the high protein content and low carbohydrate availability which characterize legumes in general, the following chemical additives were submitted to trial: formaldehyde, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide (3 ml/100 g dry matter); another variable was also introduced: the addition or lack of addition of molasses to the different treatments, both of the silaged and not ensiled forage. The resulting silages were then submitted to proximate chemical analysis, determination of neutral detergent fiber, pH, ammonium, and acetic, propionic, butyric and lactic acids. The dry matter disappearance percentage in situ, as well as nitrogen protein, cell walls and cellular matter contents were also calculated. For the dry matter disappearance trials, four female goats with permanent ruminal fistulas were distributed in four 4 X 4 latin squares. Findings revealed that the high dry matter content of the ensiled forage (73.6%) markedly restricted fermentation. Nevertheless, the silage proved to be of good quality; as expected, a high lactic acid concentration was detected in silages to which molasses were added. In regard to the dry matter disappearance percentage and nitrogen protein, no differences of statistical importance were found among treatments. However, significant results were obtained in regard to disappearance of cell walls and cellular contents. It was concluded that no chemical additives are required to ensile huizache, as the plant by itself makes a good quality forage.

Acacia↗

PubMed1979

Bioassay of vitamin A in liquid supplements.

Vitamin A bioassay techniques based on liver storage in the chick were adapted for the assay of vitamin A in molasses based liquid supplements for cattle. Methods of administering the assayed supplement to the chicks were: 1) direct dosing of the supplement via four crop infusions at hourly intervals and 2) ether extraction, suspension in cottonseed oil with solvent removal in vacuo followed by direct crop dosing. The last method allowed a larger dosage with fewer analytical problems. Five sequential extractions were required for 97% recovery of the vitamin A from the molasses supplement. With the higher dosage range, the variance of response was a function of dose level. Transformation to a log dose - log response curve allowed a linear plot with homogeneity of variance. Detection of a 10% loss of vitamin A potency (P less than .10) was estimated to require 27 chicks per treatment by the slope ratio bioassay procedure.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1981

Anthelmintic efficacy of low-dose phenothiazine against strains of sheep nematodes susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate: efficiency against sequentially administered infections.

Low-dose daily phenothiazine therapy, administered as a 1:40 phenothiazine:molasses mixture, was tested against sequential infections of strains of Haemonchus contortus. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia spp susceptible or resistant to thiabendazole, levamisole and morantel tartrate. Phenothiazine at a dose rate of 0.5 g per sheep per day significantly reduced the numbers of worm eggs per gram of faeces in both susceptible and resistant strains by an average of 48 per cent and 60 per cent respectively. Phenothiazine completely inhibited larval production in susceptible strains. With resistant worms, larval production was depressed by up to 85.7 per cent. Treatment with phenothiazine : molasses mixture reduced the numbers of worms which became established in resistant Ostertagia spp and susceptible T colubriformis but had no effect on the establishment of susceptible H contortus and Ostertagia spp or resistant H contortus and T colubriformis.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1996

Metoclopramide and (or) cimetidine administration to sheep fed tall fescue.

Fifteen crossbred sheep were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments: endophyte-free fescue diet (EF; 0% infected; 50% hay, 40% seed, 10% molasses); endophyte-infected diet (El; 95% infected; 50% hay, 40% seed, 10% molasses); El + 15 mg metoclopramide/kg body weight, 3 times/w; El + 9.0 mg cimetidine/kg body weight, twice daily; or El + metoclopramide + cimetidine. Both diets contained 92% dry matter (DM), 94% organic matter (OM) and 12% crude protein. All sheep were housed in individual metabolism stalls at 30 C, 14-h light:10-h dark for 18 d. Serum prolactin, respiration rate, heart rate or ear tip, coronary band and rectal temperatures were not affected by any of the treatments after 18 d (P > .10). No differences were detected in nutrient digestibilities except for treatment with metoclopramide + cimetidine, which produced decreased DM, OM and energy digestibilities. Sheep fed the El diet did not exhibit typical fescue toxicosis; therefore, the use of metoclopramide and(or) cimetidine to prevent toxicosis could not be evaluated.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1977

[Disposal of aerobic treated swine waste by refeeding to finishing swine (author's transl)].

Simple aerobic treatment of swine waste did not increase the production of microorganismprotein (pure protein). Addition of available energy resulted in a small increase of pure protein: During continuous aerobic treatment 20 g pure protein were produced by 100 g starch, during discontinuous aerobic treatment 10 g pure protein by 100 g organic matter from molasses (mean values). Comparative feeding trials with 90% resp. 80% feed restricted finishing swine without and with added swine waste (continuous treated without supplements resp. discontinuous treated with addition of yeasts and molasses) had as results no improvement in body-weight-gain but a 12% resp. 17% deterioration in feed conversion with 13% less bodyfat formation. Weight gains of both groups with restricted feed (without and with added swine waste) was 22% less in comparison to full fed swine. Losses at slaughter of swine in the group with feed restriction and added swine waste were partly due to higher intestine contents higher than that of swine with feed restriction and without added swine waste. Higher weights of livers and kidneys in swine of the "waste group" counts for a possibly higher metabolism-stress.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed1964

D-ARABITOL PRODUCTION BY ENDOMYCOPSIS CHODATI.

Endomycopsis chodati in an aerated fermentation produced d-arabitol in yields of 35 to 40% of the sugar supplied. Glucose, mannose, and sucrose were suitable substrates. A synthetic medium was developed for the fermentation that showed that nitrogen in the medium must be limiting to obtain high yields of arabitol. Excess phosphate also tended to lower arabitol yields, although the effect was not so great as with nitrogen. Pilot plant-size fermentations were made in which all the nutrients were supplied by blackstrap molasses and urea. Arabitol yields in these fermentations were about 40% of the sugar supplied.

Alcohols↗

PubMed1976

Fed batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a perspective of computer control to enhance the productivity in baker's yeast cultivation.

A means to avoid the glucose effect in the production of baker's yeast from glucose and/or molasses in a fed batch culture by controlling the feed rate of fresh medium with an ad hoc measurement of the respiratory quotient, RQ, is presented. The feed rate is changed stepwise here such that the value of RQ ranges from 1.0 to 1.2 throughout the cultivation. Thus far, the specific growth rate based on the total cell mass and the growth yield obtained throughout are 0.24 hr-1 and 0.55 g cell/g glucose. Prior to the experimental run mentioned above, equations to predetermine the feed rate and concentration of glucose in the feed are derived from the mass balance of limiting substrates (glucose). Since values of either RQ or Io2 (Qo2 x, oxygen consumption rate with respect to the total cell mass in the fermenter) can be measured quite easily and reliably, computer control of the fermentation in light of this information is discussed.

Bacteriological Techniques↗