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At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Enhanced dental cutting through chemomechanical effects.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that certain surface-active agents--compounds that reduce interfacial tension--in a dental handpiece's irrigation water can enhance cutting rates, or CRs. This study evaluated these effects under test conditions simulating dental practice. METHODS: The authors used a self-contained cutting system with a digitally controlled handpiece speed, torque and water flow rate to cut machinable glass ceramic (Macor, Corning Inc.) with medium-grit diamond burs and cross-cut fissure carbide burs under a load of 147.5 grams and 22 milliliters per minute coolant flow rate using water with mouthwash (Scope, Procter & Gamble) additions. They used six burs for each irrigant mixture to make three 5-millimeter edge cuts through 13 mm of Macor; CRs were quantified as the time necessary to transect the Macor cutting substrate. RESULTS: Additions of small amounts of mouthwash to the coolant water accelerated the CR for both carbide and diamond burs. The CRs for carbide burs in millimeters per second were distilled water, 0.21; 1:2.5 mouthwash:distilled water mixture, 0.12; 1:5 mixture, 0.64; and 1:10 mixture, 0.66. The CR differences for the 1:5 and 1:10 mixtures were significant (P < .001). The CRs for diamond burs in millimeters per second were distilled water, 0.09; 1:1 mouthwash:distilled water mixture, 0.13; 1:2.5 mixture, 0.16; 1:5 mixture, 0.21; and 1:10 mixture, 0.18. When it came to the diamond burs, the CR differences between water and the mouthwash:distilled water mixtures were significant (P < .001). The authors found that the mouthwash additions ensured higher CRs compared with those for water alone over the entire cutting regimen; that is, while the CRs for both carbide and diamond burs dropped with prolonged cutting with water irrigation, the addition of mouthwash resulted in the burs' cutting faster and for longer than with water alone. CONCLUSION: Adding small amounts of mouthwash to the coolant water significantly enhanced cutting by diamond and carbide burs and maintained higher CRs with prolonged cutting. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Making low additions of mouthwash (1:5 and 1:10 mouthwash:distilled water mixtures) to the handpiece irrigant system can lead to two- to threefold increase in the dental diamond and carbide bur cutting rate compared with that for water alone.

Carbon↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for oral cancer in women.

Interviews were obtained from 125 women with oral cavity cancer and 107 female controls to assess the role of mouthwash use as a risk factor for oral cancer in women. In addition to detailed information on mouthwash use throughout adult life, information was obtained regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, general oral hygiene practices, and occurrence of nonmalignant conditions of the oral cavity. Mouthwash use was not associated with increased oral cancer risk in terms of frequency, duration of use, dilution, or rinsing practices. Among mouthwash users, cases reported taking more mouthfuls of mouthwash at each use compared with controls. Again among mouthwash users, cases were significantly more likely than controls to give as a reason for using mouthwash "to disguise the smell of tobacco" and "to disguise the smell of alcohol," whereas similar proportions of cases and controls reported using mouthwash to "disguise the smell of onions, garlic, etc." and "to disguise breath odors due to mouth infections or dental problems." These first two reasons for using mouthwash were strongly associated with smoking and drinking, respectively, and appear to be proxies for these exposures. Smoking, drinking, having 10 or more missing teeth, and religious background (non-Jewish versus Jewish) were significantly associated with oral cancer.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1997

Effect of fasting subjects' posture on 13C-urea breath test for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND: Although many factors that may affect the 13C-urea value have been verified, no literature is available regarding the effect of the posture of the patient on the shape of the delta 13C excretion curve. In an effort to contribute to the development of a simple and standard procedure for the 13C-urea breath test, we investigated whether either the posture of the patient during the procedure or the mouthwash after dosing affects the shape of the delta 13C excretion curve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects were divided into four groups according to the position during procedure and the mouthwash after dosing: group A, in the supine position with mouthwash; group B, in the sitting position with mouthwash; group C, changed position by rolling with mouthwash; and group D, changed position (as did group C) without mouthwash. Absolute values of delta 13C at each sampling point were compared in the four groups. RESULTS: delta 13C values in group A gradually increased until the 15-minute point; those in group B were almost stable from 5 to 30 minutes, and those in group C peaked at the 5-minute point, then decreased until 30 minutes, the values becoming similar at the 20-minute point. Significant differences were seen between groups A, B, C, and D at the 5- and 10-minute points. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that posture and mouthwash affect delta 13C value at the 5- and 10-minute points. Sampling at 20 (maybe 15 or 30) minutes for fasting patients in a sitting position is considered to be appropriate for detection of H. pylori infection in a standard two-sampling-point 13C-urea breath test.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed2004

Chlorhexidine with an Anti Discoloration System. A comparative study.

UNLABELLED: Correct oral hygiene is believed to be the basis of primary and secondary prevention. Sometimes, using a toothbrush or other mechanical instruments for oral hygiene may be difficult and it may become necessary to use an antiseptic. Chlorhexidine is an essential component in many available preparations on sale, because of its marked antiseptic qualities. One of the most frequent side-effects is the appearance of stains on the teeth and mucous membranes, which particularly disturbs the patient. A new mouthwash containing chlorhexidine has recently become available, besides maintaining its antiseptic qualities, also avoids the side-effect of staining. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to check the capacity of the new mouthwash, which contains chlorhexidine and Anti Discoloration System (ADS), not only to prevent plaque formation like the other mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine but also to avoid staining that is one of the most frequent side-effects. STUDY DESIGN: The comparative study was carried out on a sample of 15 patients treated with two mouthwashes both containing 0.2% chlorhexidine, but different in that the first does not contain ADS, which is instead present in the second, a new product. The results obtained show that in the 15 patients treated, there is no statistically significant difference in the ability of the mouthwash to prevent bacterial plaque, however evidence of the stain was much less with the new mouthwash.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Comparison of subgingival bacterial sampling with oral lavage for detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

BACKGROUND: Saliva has been studied for the presence of subgingival pathogens in periodontitis patients. With the anaerobic culture technique, the discrepancy between salivary recovery and subgingival presence has been significant, which makes this approach not suitable for practical use in the microbial diagnosis of periodontitis patients. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique represents a very sensitive technique to detect and quantify bacterial pathogens. The aim of the study was to compare the presence and numbers of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Prevotella intermedia, and Micromonas micros in subgingival plaque and mouthwash samples by the anaerobic culture and real-time PCR techniques. METHODS: Pooled subgingival plaque samples and 10-ml mouthwash samples were collected from 21 adult patients with periodontitis and analyzed by quantitative anaerobic culture and real-time PCR for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, P. intermedia, and M. micros. RESULTS: The detection frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythensis in subgingival plaque was identical by culture and real-time PCR and was higher for P. intermedia and M. micros by real-time PCR. The highest detection frequencies for the target bacteria were found in mouthwash samples by real-time PCR. The additional value of the real-time PCR to detect target bacteria was 38% for P. gingivalis, 73% for T. forsythensis, 77% for P. intermedia, and 71% for M. micros. The sensitivity to detect target species in mouthwash by real-time PCR was 100% for all test species except for P. intermedia (93.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens in mouthwash samples are possible by real-time PCR. The procedure is significantly less time-consuming than subgingival sampling with paper points. This approach to detect major periodontal pathogens in mouthwash samples may simplify microbial diagnosis in periodontitis patients and may be used to monitor periodontal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hibitane in the treatment of aphthous ulceration.

In the absence of a known aetiology the management of recurrent aphthous ulceration is symptomatic with the removal of predisposing factors where possible. Since the severity and duration of ulcers may be increased by bacterial contamination, the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate in mouthwash and gel forms on the natural history of the condition has been studied. The mouthwash study employed a 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, a 0.5% astringent solution and a control mouthwash. Each mouthwash was used by all of the patients, with 5 ml of each preparation being diluted with 5 ml of water for use three times a day. The gel study employed a 1% chlorhexidine gluconate and a placebo gel with approximately a 1 inch of the gel from the tubes being placed in the mouth three times a day. Both studies were carried out in the double-blind crossover manner with each preparation used for 5 weeks with a 2-week interval between preparations. In the mouthwash trial chlorhexidine gluconate significantly reduced the incidence, duration and severity of ulcers, whereas in the gel trial chlorhexidine significantly reduced the severity and duration but not the incidence of ulceration. Since the dosage regimes for chlorhexidine in the two studies were comparable, the mode of delivery would appear to be important in the therapeutic effectiveness.

Biguanides↗
PubMed1979

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on developing plaque and gingivitis in man.

The present experiment was undertaken to assess the effect of hydrogen peroxide release during mouth rinsings on the composition of the microbiota of developing plaque in humans and the amount and pathogenecity of the plaque formed. The trial was designed as a double-blind crossover study of the effect of a mouthwash (Amosan) had a placebo rinse on the development of plaque and gingivitis in young adults. The active compound was available as a powder; the rinse consisted of 1.7 g powder dissolved in 30 ml hot tap water. Fourteen dental students participated in the trial. The students were examined during two consecutive periods, each consisting of one preparatory (during which active tooth cleaning measures were carefully practiced) and one main test period (during which mouth rinsings were the only plaque control measure). Each of the two test periods was initiated by a baseline examination following which the participants rinsed either with the active or the placebo mouthwash. The rinsings were performed immediately after breakfast, after lunch and after dinner. Measurements of Plaque and Gingival Index scores were performed 4, 7 and 14 days after the start of the no-toothbrushing period. Bacteria were sampled and examined after 7 and 14 days of trial. The results demonstrated that a mouthwash which released hydrogen peroxide effectively prevented the colonization of filaments, fusiforms, motile and curved rods as well as spirochetes in developing plaque. The mouthwash which was used as the only oral hygiene measure during a 2-week period furthermore markedly reduced the amount of plaque formed and significantly retarded gingivitis development. It is suggested that H202 released by mouthwashes during rinsing may prevent or retard the colonization and multiplication of anaerobic bacteria.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Effects of topical and systemic folic acid supplementation on gingivitis in pregnancy.

A double-blind study evaluated the effects of systemic and topical folate on gingival inflammation during the fourth and eighth months of pregnancy. Thirty women were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received placebo mouthwash and tablets; Group B; placebo mouthwash and 5 mg folate tablets; Group C: folate mouthwash and placebo tablets. Supplementation lasted for 14 days during months 4 and 8. Subjects took one tablet daily and rinsed twice daily for 1 min with the mouthwash. At the start and finish of each 14-day period, fasting serum and red cell folate levels were estimated and oral status assessed by a plaque index (P1I), a gingival index (GI), and gingival exudate flow meter (GEF). Subjects completed 1-week diet sheets which were analysed for dietary folate. All groups were similar in each parameter at the start. Correlation was demonstrated between GI and P1I, and between GI and GEF. GI tended to increase throughout pregnancy in all groups except Group C, when in the eighth month there was a highly significant improvement (0.001 less than P 0.01) despite no significant change in P1I. Although dietary intake of folate was significantly higher during the eighth month in Group C as compared with Groups A and B, (0.001 less than P less than 0.01), the folate mouthwash produced highly significantly improvement in gingival health in pregnancy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Origin of nitrite and nitrate in nasal and exhaled breath condensate and relation to nitric oxide formation.

BACKGROUND: Raised concentrations of nitrate and nitrite have been found in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in airway disease, and it has been postulated that this reflects increased nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. However, the chemical and anatomical origin of nitrate and nitrite in the airways has not yet been sufficiently studied. METHODS: The fraction of exhaled NO at an exhalation flow rate of 50 ml/s (FE(NO)) and nitrite and nitrate in EBC, nasal condensate, and saliva were measured in 17 tracheostomised and 15 non-tracheostomised subjects, all of whom were non-smokers without respiratory disease. Tracheal and oral samples were taken from the tracheostomised subjects and nasal (during velum closure) and oral samples from the non-tracheostomised subjects. Measurements were performed before and after sodium nitrate ingestion (10 mg/kg) and use of antibacterial mouthwash (chlorhexidine 0.2%). RESULTS: In tracheostomised subjects oral FE(NO) increased by 90% (p<0.01) while tracheal FE(NO) was not affected 60 minutes after nitrate ingestion. Oral EBC nitrite levels were increased 23-fold at 60 minutes (p<0.001) whereas the nitrite levels in tracheal EBC showed only a minor increase (fourfold, p<0.05). Nitrate was increased the same amount in oral and tracheal EBC at 60 minutes (2.5-fold, p<0.05). In non-tracheostomised subjects oral FE(NO) and EBC nitrite increased after nitrate ingestion and after chlorhexidine mouthwash they approached baseline levels again (p<0.001). Nasal NO, nitrate, and nitrite were not affected by nitrate intake or mouthwash. At baseline, mouthwash with deionised water did not affect nitrite in oral EBC or saliva, whereas significant reductions were seen after antibacterial mouthwash (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Besides the salivary glands, plasma nitrate is taken up by the lower airways but not the nasal airways. Nitrate levels in EBC are thus influenced by dietary intake. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite by bacterial activity which takes place primarily in the oropharyngeal tract of healthy subjects. Only oropharyngeal nitrite seems to contribute to exhaled NO in non-inflamed airways, and there is also a substantial contribution of nitrite from the oropharyngeal tract during standard collection of EBC.

Adult↗