PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Neurocognitive Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The Geriatric Mental State Examination as a case-finding instrument in the community.

The Geriatric Mental State Examination (GMS), a standardised psychiatric interview, and its computerised diagnostic system, AGECAT, have been applied to a large (1070) sample of subjects aged over 65 in Liverpool. In a split-half study of this sample, diagnostic scales within the GMS and a diagnostic index derived from them were tested for efficacy in cases of organic and early organic illness (mostly various stages of dementia) and depressive illness. Results demonstrated high levels of sensitivity and specificity, and positive predictive values were within the expected range when applied to these disorders, given their low prevalence in the community. The GMS, when used in this way, is a flexible and effective case-finding instrument.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of benzodiazepine abuse and dependence in psychiatric in-patients with different nosology. An assessment of hospital-based drug surveillance data.

Frequencies of abuse and dependence assessed continuously within a drug surveillance system were analysed as a contribution to risk-benefit evaluations of benzodiazepines (BZDs). In 4.7% of 15,296 patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals between 1980 and 1985, BZDs had been involved in some kind of abuse or dependence. Primary BZD dependence, defined as physical dependence on BZDs in patients who had not been dependent before, was observed in about 1% of admitted patients. Linking these data with psychiatric diagnoses revealed a high risk of primary BZD dependence for in-patients (11.8%) with anxiety neurosis (ICD-9, 300.0), and a lower risk for neurotic (300.4) and for endogenous depressives (296.1) (risk 3.7% and 2.7% respectively). Older age was also related to primary BZD dependence. For depressive in-patients, the risk was twice as high in females as in males. Anecdotal observations advocate more systematic investigation of the emotional effects of long-term therapy with BZDs.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1989

Mood changes after right-hemisphere lesions.

Ninety-three patients with acute stroke lesions restricted to the right hemisphere were examined for the presence of mood changes. While 46 patients showed no mood changes, 19 were unduly cheerful, 17 had developed major depression, and 11 had developed minor depression. Although there were no significant between-groups differences in other demographic variables, neurological deficits, activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, or quality of social support, patients with major depression had a significantly higher frequency of familial history of psychiatric disorder and lesions of the parietal cortex than patients with either no mood change or major depression following left-hemisphere lesions. On the other hand, undue cheerfulness was significantly associated with lesions of the right frontal operculum. These findings suggest that major depression following right-hemisphere lesions may have a different aetiology and mechanism than major depression following left frontal or basal ganglia lesions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Neuropsychology.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

Mood disorders in the year after first stroke.

An unselected community sample of 128 patients were studied over the 12 months after their first stroke, and compared with a control sample of subjects from the general population. Psychiatric status was assessed using the PSE and BDI. Symptoms of mood disorder were commoner in the stroke patients than the controls, but the differences were not substantial and had largely disappeared by 12 months. Psychiatric problems encountered included agoraphobia, social withdrawal, apathy and self-neglect, irritability and pathological emotionalism. While there was a high cumulative incidence of psychiatric disorder, little of it persisted: only two cases of major depression were present for the whole 12 months. We believe undue emphasis has been placed in the recent literature on major depression as a specific syndrome following stroke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Against pathology. The new psychiatry and its critics.

The notion of 'pathology' presumes an experiential and socially embedded frame of reference which is at variance with some recent attempts to understand the procedures and subject matter of psychiatry. Psychiatric theories remain bound by individual and historical contingencies whose compelling urgency obfuscates the inter-relationship of phenomenon, social context, response, and explanatory model.

Biological Psychiatry↗
PubMed1992

Diagnoses are not diseases.

The psychiatric community seems determined to ground its medical legitimacy on principles that confuse diagnoses with disease. If mental illnesses are diseases of the CNS, they are diseases of the brain, not the mind. If mental illnesses are the names of (mis)behaviour, they are forms of behaviour, not diseases. Psychiatric metaphors have the same role in medicine as religious metaphors have in theology. Religion is, among other things, the institutionalised denial of a finite life. Psychiatry is, among other things, the institutionalised denial of the tragic nature of life: individuals who want to reject the reality of free will and responsibility can medicalise life, and entrust its management to health professionals. Psychiatrists have succeeded in persuading the scientific community, the courts, the media, and the general public that the conditions they call mental disorders are diseases, that is, phenomena independent of motivation or will. The more firmly psychiatrically based ideas take hold of the collective American mind, the more foolishness and injustice they generate. Long ago, the law makers agreed to let psychiatrists literalise the metaphor of mental illnesses. Thus, the Americans With Disabilities Act (AWDA), scheduled to be fully implemented by July 1992, covers claustrophobia, personality problems, and mental retardation, though unlike DSM-III-R it excludes kleptomania, pyromania, compulsive gambling, and transvestism. The literal language of psychiatry allows motivated actions to be called 'disease'. Other examples of behaviour for which psychiatrists have disease names, and which AWDA implicitly accepts as genuine diseases, include dysmorphophobia, multiple personality disorder, frotteurism, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and fractitious disorder with physical symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Testing counseling psychologists: current practices and implications for training.

The present study provides information concerning the opinions and utilization of psychological testing among counseling psychologists. A survey was mailed to a random sample of 500 members of Division 17 (Counseling Psychology) of the APA. Results indicate that counseling psychologists are engaged in a substantial amount of psychological testing. Current practices are discussed and implications for training are cited. Suggested alternatives to traditional testing procedures are also discussed.

Counseling↗
PubMed1985

The Rorschach Comprehensive System Egocentricity Index in psychiatric inpatients.

This paper reports an exploratory study of potential correlates of Exner's Rorschach Egocentricity Index, a measure of self-focusing, in a sample of 70 psychiatric inpatients. We examined the relationship of the Index of the MMPI Ego Strength scale and to other MMPI and Exner Comprehensive System Rorschach variables, using Pearson Product-Moment correlations with partialling of the number of Rorschach responses. There were seven meaningful significant correlations between the Index and Rorschach variables: M, FM, X +%, F +%, Lambda, D, and A%. The Index-MMPI correlations were not significant. Sex differences and differences between these intercorrelations and some reported by Exner (1983) are discussed.

Adolescent↗