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PubMed1987

No episiotomy?!

A method is presented which with careful manipulation of the vagina around the crowning head reduces the incidence of an episiotomy or a perineal tear. Using the method described, the overall result obtained was an intact perineum in 68% of vaginal deliveries (which included forceps deliveries). An episiotomy was performed in only 7% of deliveries--all associated with the use of forceps.

Episiotomy↗
PubMed1977

Forceps delivery.

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Extraction, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1988

Mode of vaginal delivery and epidural analgesia.

A study was carried out on the mode of vaginal delivery in two large groups of parturients: one group comprised 11,264, of whom 0.1% were given epidural analgesia (1977-78) and the other, 10,650, of whom 50% delivered under epidural blockade (1982-83). When the incidence and reasons for instrumental intervention in these two groups were analyzed, it was found that the rate of instrumental delivery was only 1.3% higher (P less than 0.001) in the latter group, which was mainly due to factors not attributable to the epidural blockade. It may be concluded from this survey that epidural analgesia for labor and delivery does not cause an increase in the rate of instrumental delivery.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗