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PubMed2003

Relationships between adult attachment representations and family ritual quality: a prospective, longitudinal study.

Meaningful family rituals have been associated with positive outcomes for families and children. No studies, however, have investigated predictors of family ritual quality, the identification of which would be important for understanding why some families create and enact meaningful family rituals while others lack rituals or have problematic rituals. We propose that adult attachment security may be an important predictor of family ritual quality because family rituals may provide a sense of stability and cohesiveness for the family. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between adult attachment representations and the quality of family rituals, using a prospective, longitudinal design. Prior to the birth of their first child, 125 couples completed the Adult Attachment Interview, and a subsample of 70 mothers and 62 fathers completed the Family Rituals Questionnaire when their first child was 7 years old. Different patterns of relationships between attachment representations and family rituals were found for mothers and fathers. Maternal Insecure Attachment was associated with higher routinization of family rituals. Being in a couple with mixed attachment classifications (e.g., one Secure partner and one Insecure partner) was related to a pattern of low routinization and low meaning for family rituals. The results of this study are interpreted in terms of two patterns of rituals that have been described by clinicians--rigid ritualization and underritualization, and suggestions for working with these ritual patterns in families with Insecure attachment are provided.

Family↗
PubMed1998

Attachment representations and representations of the self in relation to others: a study of preschool children in inner-city London.

The study examined the relationship between attachment representations and representations of the self in relation to others in a sample of 42 children aged between 4 and 5.9 years. The relationship between children's attachment representations and parents' style of regulating negative affect was also explored. The families were using local authority day-care facilities in a deprived inner-city area of London. The quality of attachment representations was assessed using a modified version of the Separation Anxiety Test. Assessments of the representation of the self in relation to others consisted of (a) assessment of the child's view of self within the relationship with the attachment figure, using an incomplete doll story procedure; and (b) assessment of the child's perceptions of the way others view them using a puppet interview. Significant connections between attachment representations, representations of self in relation to others, and parents' negative affect regulation were found. Children with secure attachment representations had a significantly more positive view of the self in the relationship with the attachment figure than children with disorganized attachment representations, and a significantly more positive perception of the way others view them than children with avoidant attachment representations. Children with secure attachment representations had parents with more adaptive ways of regulating their own negative affect than children with ambivalent or disorganized attachment representations.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed2001

Attachment theory and intergroup bias: evidence that priming the secure base schema attenuates negative reactions to out-groups.

Five studies examined the effects of priming the secure base schema on intergroup bias. In addition, Studies 1-2 examined the effects of dispositional attachment style, Studies 2-5 examined a mood interpretation, Study 3 examined the mediating role of threat appraisal, and Studies 4-5 examined the effects of secure base priming while inducing a threat to self-esteem or cultural worldview. Secure base priming led to less negative evaluative reactions toward out-groups than positive affect and neutral control conditions. In addition, whereas the effects of secure base priming did not depend on attachment style and were not explained by mood induction, they were mediated by threat appraisal and occurred even when self-esteem or cultural worldview was threatened. The discussion emphasizes the relevance of attachment theory for understanding intergroup attitudes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The personal origins of attachment theory. An interview with Mary Salter Ainsworth. Interview by Peter L. Rudnytsky.

This interview took place in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 20, 1991, at the home of Mary Salter Ainsworth. One of the foremost exponents of attachment theory and a colleague of the late John Bowlby, Dr. Ainsworth is best known for her innovative Strange Situation procedure, an experimental method to test the strength and styles of infants' attachments to their primary caregiver. She is the author of numerous papers and books, including Infancy in Uganda: Infant Care and the Growth of Love (1967), Patterns of Attachment (1978), and, with John Bowlby, Child Care and the Growth of Love (2nd ed., 1965).

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Introduction to attachment theory and its significance for psychotherapy].

In the first part of this article we give a review of the basic concepts of attachment theory and summarize Bowlby's crucial thoughts about attachment. In the second part we introduce the traditional attachment methods with concrete cases. In this context we describe the transgenerational aspect of attachment and highlighten the bridge between infant attachment and adult attachment representation. Further we give a critical review about adult attachment measures. In the third part we consider implications of attachment theory in respect to psychopathology and psychotherapy.

Adult↗