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PubMed1994

Identification of a sequence in the unique 5' open reading frame of the gene encoding glycosylated Gag which influences the incubation period of neurodegenerative disease induced by a murine retrovirus.

Neonatal inoculation of the wild-mouse ecotropic retrovirus CasBrE (clone 15-1) causes a noninflammatory spongiform neurodegenerative disease with an incubation period of > or = 6 months. Introduction of sequences from Friend murine leukemia virus (clone FB29) into the genome of CasBrE results in a marked shortening of the incubation period. The FB29 sequences which influence the incubation period were previously localized to the 5' leader sequence of the viral genome (M. Czub, F. J. McAtee, and J. L. Portis, J. Virol. 66:3298-3305, 1992). In the current study, we constructed a series of chimeric viruses consisting of the genome of CasBrE containing various segments of the leader sequence from FB29. A 41-nucleotide element (positions 481 through 521) near the 3' end of the leader was found to have a strong influence on the incubation period. This element influenced the kinetics of virus replication and/or spread in nonneuronal tissues, a property which was shown previously to determine the extent of central nervous system infection (M. Czub, F. J. McAtee, and J. L. Portis, J. Virol. 66:3298-3305, 1992). Curiously, this sequence had no demonstrable effect on virus replication in vitro in a fibroblastic cell line from Mus dunni. This segment encodes 14 of the unique 88-amino-acid N terminus of pr75gag, the precursor of a glycosylated form of the gag polyprotein which is expressed at the cell surface. Previous in vitro studies of mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus lacking expression of glycosylated Gag failed to reveal a function for this protein in virus replication. We mutated the Kozak consensus sequence around the initiation codon for this protein in the chimeric virus CasFrKP, a virus which induces neurologic disease with a short (18- to 23-day) incubation period. M. dunni cells infected with the mutants lacked detectable cell surface Gag, but, compared with CasFrKP, no effect on replication kinetics in vitro was observed. In contrast, there was a marked slowing of the replication kinetics in vivo and a dramatic attenuation of neurovirulence. These studies indicate that glycosylated Gag has an important function in virus replication and/or spread in the mouse and further suggest that the sequence of its N terminus is a critical, though likely indirect, determinant of neurovirulence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1988

[Characteristics of the aggregative function of thrombocytes in amyloidosis].

In continuity of prior investigations a study was made of platelet aggregation activity stimulated by arachidonic acid in patients with amyloidosis as compared to patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Altogether 31 patients with amyloidosis (primary--2, secondary--15, hereditary in periodical disease--14) and 25 CGN patients (latent disease--10, nephrotic--15) were investigated. Considerable changes in platelet aggregation properties in amyloidosis were shown: the absence of aggregation in most of the patients (22) irrespective of a stage of disease and a tendency to prolongation of a latent period in patients in whom it was observed (9). These data were obtained for the first time. Either normal (in patients with latent type) or raised (in patients with nephrotic type) aggregation to a given stimulus was observed in CGN which was well in accord with the results obtained by other authors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

An outbreak of poisoning from Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon.

It is the first report of an outbreak of 114 food-poisoning cases due to consumption of Penicillium cyclopium contaminated dried persimmon. Gastralgia, diarrhea, dizziness and general malaise are chief symptoms of the poisoning, with incubation period of 2-6 hrs generally and a short disease period (generally recovered within 2-3 days). No enteropathogenic organism, pathogenic coccus and Campylobacter jejuni were detected. Surface fungi counts were 49,000/g, 21.3 times of that discovered in the marketed dried persimmon. Penicillium cyclopium Westling was the dominant fungus isolated. Mouse toxicity tests were carried out with the crude extracts of the fungus culture. Diarrhea, tremor and convulsion were observed before death. During autopsy, necrosis and hemorrhagic foci were observed in G.I. tract after intra-peritoneal injection and intubation. In histo-pathological examination, different degree of necrosis and scaling of gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, lymphocyte infiltration, and necrosis of liver cells and renal tubule epithelial cells could be seen.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

The R-U5-5' leader sequence of neurovirulent wild mouse retrovirus contains an element controlling the incubation period of neurodegenerative disease.

The wild mouse ecotropic retrovirus CasBrE causes a spongiform neurodegenerative disease after neonatal inoculation, with an incubation period ranging from 2 to 12 months. We previously showed that introduction of long terminal repeat (LTR) and gag-pol sequences from a strain of Friend murine leukemia virus (FB29) resulted in a dramatic acceleration of the onset of the disease. The chimeric virus FrCasE, which consisted of the FB29 genome containing 3' pol and env sequences from the wild mouse virus, induced a highly predictable, lethal neurodegenerative disease with an incubation period of only 16 days. Here we report that the sequences which are primary determinants of the length of the incubation period are located in the 5' end of the viral genome between a KpnI site in the R region of the LTR and a PstI site immediately 5' of the start codon for pr65gag (R-U5-5' leader). This region contains the tRNA primer binding site, splice donor site for the subgenomic env mRNA, and the packaging sequence. Computer-assisted sequence analysis failed to find evidence of a consensus sequence for a DNA enhancer in this region. In addition, sequences within a region of the genome between a ClaI site at the 3' end of env to the KpnI site in the R region of the LTR (inclusive of U3) also influenced the incubation period of the disease, but the effect was distinctly weaker than that of the R-U5-5' leader sequence. This U3 effect, however, appeared to be independent of the number of direct repeats, since deletion of one of two duplicated 42-base repeats containing consensus sequences of nuclear-factor binding domains had no effect on the incubation period of the disease. On the basis of Southern blot analysis of total viral DNA in the tissues, the effect of these sequences on the incubation period appeared to be related to the level of virus replication in the central nervous system. All of the chimeric viruses analyzed, irrespective of neurovirulence, replicated to comparable levels in the spleen and induced comparable levels of viremia.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

[The chemiluminescence of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes in food poisoning].

Luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) induced by zymosan, opsonized autoserum was used to study the oxygen-dependent bactericidal system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) in patients with food toxico-infections, at different disease periods. Different modifications of CL were established to have analogous dynamics on days 1 and 2 of the disease and differences as to the period of convalescence. A correlation was revealed between the amplitude of CL and the intensity of the intoxication syndrome. The conclusion is made about the role played by granulocytes in the disease pathogenesis. The authors review potential mechanisms of participation of PNL free radicals in the pathophysiological shifts responsible for the development, course and outcome of food toxico-infections.

Acridines↗

PubMed1998

[Management of Hirschsprung's disease during the neonatal period].

Hirschsprung's disease is one of the common est causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Despite progress in the identification of genetic mutations, the pathogenesis of Hirschsprug's disease is not completely resolved. The management consists of septic complications of treatment, and a variable "pull-through" procedure, immediately or at a later date. Long-term follow-up is an important component of patient care.

Colon↗

PubMed1988

[Changes in morbidity following traumatologically-induced splenectomy].

12 patients were followed up who had been splenectomised between 1978 and 1985 after traumatic injury of the spleen. Analysis of late morbidity after loss of the spleen was performed besides physical examination and a study of clinical pathology findings, the analysis being based on the individual anamnesis and history of previous diseases of each patient. It was not possible to establish a clear rise in general an infection-conditioned morbidity. We believe that the simple method of comparing preoperative and postoperative disease periods on the basis of the individual list of previous diseases represents a new objective parameter for assessing the late sequelae following splenectomy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Treatment of arterial hypoxemia in early period of traumatic disease].

Issues of arterial hypoxemia treatment in early period of traumatic disease, taking into account modern approaches, adopted in surgery of injuries and anesthesy-resuscitation. It is recommended to use the method proposed for the arterial oxygen content enhancing in an acute respiratory insufficiency of various genesis, including the cases of progressive posttraumatic disease.

Antihypertensive Agents↗

PubMed1979

The value of bone scans in the management of patients with carcinoma of the breast.

The bone scan has become a major staging and screening test for patients with carcinoma of the breast. The routine use preoperatively of bone scans to detect occult osseous metastases has been advocated to prevent radical operations on patients with Stage IV disease. Periodic use post-operatively of bone scans has also been advocated to detect metastic disease before the onset of symptoms. In view of the prevalence of this disease, the implications of this approach in terms of cost alone warrant consideration. All bone scans obtained of patients with carcinoma of the breast during a five year period were reviewed and the results correlated with the pathologic stage of the disease, the presence or absence of symptoms and pertinent clinical data. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the bond scan was then analyzed for each group. Recommendations for the use of bone scans in patients with carcinoma of the breast are based upon these data.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed2001

[Drowsiness--greater traffic hazard than alcohol. Causes, risks and treatment].

Stress and shortage of sleep may cause daytime somnolence and impaired vigilance at the wheel, especially among those suffering from sleep disturbances. According to the international consensus meeting in Stockholm in May of 2000 on "The sleepy driver and pilot--causes, risks and countermeasures", drowsy driving is an underestimated risk factor in official statistics, and as many as 15-30 percent of today's traffic accidents are related to drowsiness; thus it is an even greater risk factor than alcohol. Drowsy drivers suffer from inattention, impaired concentration and may even fall asleep at the wheel. Accidents during dozing result in three times as many fatalities as other accidents. There are a number of reasons for habitual drowsiness at the wheel aside from sleep deprivation, including rhonchopathy, shift work and jet lag, mental depression, insomnia, narcolepsy, endocrinological diseases, periodic limb movement disorder, medication, pain-disordered sleep, and heart disease. Among the most active drivers, i.e. middle aged men, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been found to be the most common reason for habitually drowsy driving. OSAS causes a 2-3 fold increased risk of traffic accidents, and it impairs simulated driving. Palatoplasty as well as nasal CPAP have been shown to improve vigilance and driving performance to an extent that the increase in risk is eliminated. Drivers suffering from habitual drowsiness and micro-sleep attacks forcing them to take repeated rests are at special risk. Even if they are as dangerous as drivers with unlawful blood alcohol levels they cannot be caught in a police checkpoint. However they often seek medial advice, and properly treated they may often return safely to traffic. If not, there could be a need to report them to the authorities so as to limit or prohibit their driving.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1991

[A chemiluminescence study of isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and whole blood from patients with acute pneumonias].

A study was made of the production of active forms of oxygen (AFO) by liminol-dependent spontaneous chemiluminescence (LSC) of isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) and whole blood in 39 patients with acute pneumonias in different disease periods. The majority of the patients manifested activation of oxygen metabolism of PNL, with the intensity of LSC of whole blood appreciably exceeding LSC of neutrophils isolated from the given blood sample. If the production of AFO is insufficient, the acute period of pneumonia is characterized in most cases by the complicated disease course. Studies into LSC of whole blood is more informative for predicting complications within these times. The lack of the increment of the whole blood LSC intensity on the second week of the disease as compared to the first week as well as a rapid decrease of the initially high level of LSC to the level not differing from the donor's parameters is prognostically unfavourable as regards complete recovery. Inadequately high and long (during 3 weeks) generation of AFO detectable by both methods was associated with the lingering course of pneumonia. The monitoring of LSC of PNL and whole blood allows predicting complications of acute pneumonia together with administering corrective therapy with the aid of immunomodulators and antioxidants.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

[Food poisoning outbreak caused by Salmonella Enteritidis in the northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil].

A foodborne outbreak which affected 211 persons occurred, in a School, in 1993. The epidemiological data obtained by interviewing the affected and non affected persons sampled showed as predominant symptoms: diarrhoea, fever (77.7%), abdominal cramps (67.7%), vomiting (65.8%), hot-and-cold sensations (54.5%) and headache (44.5%). The median incubation period was of 17 hours, the limits being 3 and 29 hours. The disease period was of from 3 to 4 days. The food concerned was a kind of paté, a mayonnaise mixture prepared with fresh eggs with boiled potatoes that was consumed with bread. The biological material analysis-3 coprocultures, and leftovers of the food revealed the presence of one and the same organism: Salmonella Enteritidis. In the food, the numbers of this bacterium per gram were sufficient to account for the manifestation of the disease (10(4) and 10(5)g). The antibiogram of all th isolates showed the same sensibility pattern. The preparation related to this outbreak suggests the endogenous contamination of the eggs; the cross contamination-the outbreak affected three school periods, as the food was prepared separately for each school period; and the conditions under which the food was kept during the time from preparation to consumption. The observation of the 3 food handlers, by successive coprocultures, for one week, indicates that they were not asymptomatic carriers nor were they affected as a result of this outbreak by the causal bacteria.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Pathogenetical features of the first period of trauma disease with acute respiratory insufficiency].

The pathogenetical features of acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) were studied as a clinical form of the first period of the trauma disease (TD)--the period of acute impairments of the important for life functions (the first 8-12 h after trauma). In 17 casualties with a severe combined trauma the severity of the first period of the disease depended on the ARI caused by a serious injury of the chest not accompanied by a direct injury of the heart. It was shown that ARI is an independent clinical form of the first period of TD. The indices of the systemic hemodynamics in ARI are within the limits of the normal values. ARI resulting from the "primary" injury of the lungs results in a decreased delivery of oxygen to the tissues and of its consumption. When ARI takes place during the first period of TD the metabolic function of the lungs is sharply suppressed and pronounced endotoxemia is observed.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

Ardita vāta (facial paralysis): a concise historical survey.

In India the struggle to conquer the diseases began centuries and centuries ago and it is as old as human civilisation. It can be safely presumed that during Vedic period diseases like Ardita vata, Pakshaghata etc. were prevalent. The Brhat Trai, composed during samhita period have described Ardita Vata Vyadhi. The Laghu Trai occupy the next place after Samhitas. Ardita has been mentioned in these works. Other popular texts like Kashyaa Samhita and Bhela Samhita also contain the references about this disease. Modern medicine noticed this disease as facial paralysis at a very later period in the early 18th century.

Face↗

PubMed2005

The clustering of other chronic inflammatory diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We aimed to discern the relative risk for several chronic inflammatory conditions in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. METHODS: We used the population-based University of Manitoba IBD Database that includes longitudinal files on all patients from all health system contacts identified by International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes for visit diagnosis. From the provincial database we extracted a control cohort matching the IBD patients 10:1 by age, sex, and geography. We considered a potential comorbid disease to be present if the patient had 5 or more health system contacts for that diagnosis. The comorbid disease period prevalence was analyzed separately for patients with UC and Crohn's disease and a prevalence ratio was calculated comparing the IBD populations with the matched cohort. RESULTS: There were 8072 cases of IBD from 1984 to 2003, including UC (n = 3879) and Crohn's disease (n = 4193). There was a mean of approximately 16 person-years of coverage for both patients and control patients. Both UC and Crohn's disease patients had a significantly greater likelihood of having arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, psoriasis, and pericarditis than population controls. An increased risk for chronic renal disease and multiple sclerosis was noted in UC but not Crohn's disease patients. The most common nonintestinal comorbidities identified were arthritis and asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of asthma as the most common comorbidity increased in Crohn's disease patients compared with the general population is novel. These may be diseases with common causes or complications of one disease that lead to the presentation with another. Studies such as this should encourage further research into the common triggers in the organ systems that lead to autoimmune diseases.

Asthma↗

PubMed1981

Hodgkin's disease: pathology and pathogenesis.

The pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease has been the subject of intensive investigation for nearly a century. Numerous lines of inquiry have been pursued and the resulting quantity of literature on the subject attests to the enigmatic nature of the disease. Periodically, it becomes prudent to review progress in the study of a disease such as this, in light of recent methodologic and conceptual advances. By so doing, a more integrated view of the disease process may emerge, thereby guiding future research endeavors. The present report is undertaken to explore, in depth, recent advances in the study of the pathology and pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. Contemporary classifications, clinicopathologic and epidemiologic studies, cellular and humoral derangements, and the controversial nature of the Reed-Sternberg cell are considered.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Malignant thyroid lymphoma--diagnostic and treatment problems].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to present our experience in the diagnostics and treatment of primary malignant thyroid lymphoma (PMTL). Five patients at the age of 48-72 years with PMTL were treated at the Department of General Surgery in Bytom in the years 1988-1999. They made up 0.04% of patients operated on at this time in our Department because of different types of goiter and 1.05% because of thyroid carcinoma. The clinical examinations included ultrasonography, radioisotope diagnostics, preoperative thin needle biopsy and hormonal examination of thyroid gland. All patients were operated on under general anesthesia and with intraoperative histopathological examination. They were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy in postoperative period. The appearance of PMTL was preceded by nodular goiter or Hashimoto disease. In three cases we observed neck compression symptoms and in two the dramatic course of disease. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechogenic thyroid gland with nodular structures characterized by the decreased J131 uptake. In one case thin needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PMTL. Evident hypothyreosis was diagnosed in one and subclinical in two patients. Surgical treatment--partial excision of neoplastic tumor--was complicated by tracheostomy in two cases. One case with almost total resection of thyroid gland was complicated by lesion of esophagus which was sutured. After operation one patient was treated with chemotherapy, one with radiotherapy and two cases using both of methods. Three patients died: in 3rd, 32nd day and after 3 months since surgery. We confirmed the remission of the disease in two the youngest patients with not advanced state. One of them was treated with Co 60 therapy and the second one with chemotherapy according to COP and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: PMTL is a rare disease and difficult to diagnose. The biopsy is useful. The treatment of PMTL combined, including surgical treatment, chemo- and radiotherapy. The prognosis is uncertain and depends on the disease period.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[T and B components of the immune system in acute bronchopulmonary diseases in children with thymomegaly and without it].

The immune status was estimated comprehensively and indicators of the level I and II tests of T and B components of the immunity system were defined in 120 children with thymomegaly (group I), in 30 children with unenlarged thymus (group II), and in 40 practically healthy children with unestablished size of the thymus, with a favourable family and personal disease history, who had never fallen ill before the immunologic examination (group III). The children belonging to groups I and II were examined at the acute disease period, during convalescence and clinical wellbeing. It has been established that during the acute bronchopulmonary disease, the group I and II children manifested the same regularities of immune response to the action of an antigenic stimulus. However, at the period of the clinical wellbeing, the group II children showed a higher lymphocytosis, impairment of the ratio of the T lymphocyte subpopulations, an increase of the EAC--RFC count, and a decline of the level of serum thymic factor. It is assumed that in the group I children, the system of immunologic defence is of weak safety within the first 3 years of life.

Acute Disease↗