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PubMedDate not supplied

Perception of parents' behavior and children's general fearfulness.

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between perception of parents' support, punishment, control, and encouragement of autonomy and general fearfulness in ten- to eleven-year-old girls. Subjects included 68 girls in the fifth and sixth grades. The Cornell Parent Behavior Description Questionnaire was used as a measure of the girls' perception of their parents' support, punishment, control, and autonomy-granting. Geer's Fear Survey Schedule II-Modified was used as a measure of the girls' general fearfulness. A low significant positive correlation (r = 0.215) between the girls' perception of their parents' punishment and the girls' general fearfulness was observed. Also observed were: a low significant negative correlation (r = -0.201) between the girls' perception of their parents' encouragement of autonomy and the girls' general fearfulness and, contrary to expectation, a slight negative correlation (r = 0.173) between the girls' perception of their parents' support and the girl's general fearfulness. A slight negative correlation (r = -0.109) appeared between the girls' perception of their parents' control and the girls' general fearfulness. An auxiliary finding was that the girls perceived their mothers as more supportive, punitive, and controlling than their fathers. Upper middle-class parents were viewed by their daughters as less punitive and more autonomy-granting than lower middle-class parents.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1994

Comparative tactile behavior of mothers and fathers with their newborn infants.

The style with which parents touch their newborn infant was studied. Our method was to film mothers and fathers holding their awake infants and to code detailed features of their tactile behavior using time-sampling analysis to measure frequency of events and continuous event recording to measure duration. The results show that both mothers and fathers made tactile contact with their infant for an equal amount of time and frequency, but that mothers touch/stroke their infants more than they pat/shake them. Fathers did not show any preference for either tactile style. Mothers preferentially targeted the infant's hand and face more than the body, while fathers preferred to touch the infant's hand. These results suggest that mothers' propensity to "caretake" their infants and fathers' tendency to play with their infant are reflected in the fine details of their parental behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Physical punishment in children: opinions and behaviors of adults].

Five hundred twenty seven parents and tutors from three schools of Santiago were surveyed, using anonymous inquiry, to know behaviors and opinions towards child abuse. Sixty three percent of the sample judged physical punishment useless as an educational tool. However, 75% tacitly admitted to hit children, when they were asked a question about the ways they used to punish them. This question was answered by a significantly higher proportion of women. The principal reasons to use physical punishments were defying attitudes, lack of study and running away from home. The principal ways of physical punishment were hand blows (49%), lashes with belts (13%) and shaking (19%). The principal punitive restrictions were restrains from going out of home (70%) or watching television (46%) and not talking to children (14%). Sixty six percent of parents reminded physical punishments during their childhood. This background was associated with a higher frequency of actual battering. It is concluded that there is incoherence between real behavior and opinions towards child battering among parents and that the magnitude of this problem precludes its short term eradication.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Family characteristics and adolescent substance use.

Using self-report questionnaire data from high school students (N = 253), the relation between adolescents' perceptions of family characteristics and adolescent substance use patterns were examined. Results indicated that adolescents' perception of maternal substance use, family hardiness, and age of the adolescent were significant predictors of adolescent substance use. Implications are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Regulation of maternal behavior and offspring growth by paternally expressed Peg3.

Imprinted genes display parent-of-origin-dependent monoallelic expression that apparently regulates complex mammalian traits, including growth and behavior. The Peg3 gene is expressed in embryos and the adult brain from the paternal allele only. A mutation in the Peg3 gene resulted in growth retardation, as well as a striking impairment of maternal behavior that frequently resulted in death of the offspring. This result may be partly due to defective neuronal connectivity, as well as reduced oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus, because mutant mothers were deficient in milk ejection. This study provides further insights on the evolution of epigenetic regulation of imprinted gene dosage in modulating mammalian growth and behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Residential father family type and child well-being: investment versus selection.

This research links residence with biological and nonbiological married and unmarried parents to the cognitive achievement and behavioral problems of children aged 3-12, controlling for factors that make such families different. The data were drawn from the 1997 Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Achievement differences were not associated with father family structure per se, but with demographic and economic factors that differ across families. In contrast, behavioral problems were linked to family structure even after controls for measured and unmeasuredfactors were included. Children in all family types except the married-biological-parent family showed higher levels of behavioral problems. Paternal and maternal engagement time explained some of the differences in behavioral problems across families. Although children in blended families tended to achieve at lower levels than those not in blendedfamilies, stepchildren in blended families achieved at levels comparable to those of half-siblings. Finally, children in blended families tended to havefewer behavioral problems than those not in blended families.

Child↗