PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Neurogenic tumors in rats induced by ethylnitrosourea.

Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) was injected intravenously into Sprague-Dawley rats on day 15 of gestation at doses of 0, 2.50, 6.25 and 10.00 mg/kg. The resulting 1980 progeny were observed for up to 24 months in a life-time study (900 rats) or for periods of 171-325 days in a serial sacrifice study (1080 rats). The rats in both studies were randomized into three groups, one exposed to a radiofrequency, one sham-exposed and one cage control. Since no effects of the radiofrequency were observed on the ENU-induced tumors, the exposure groups were combined to facilitate study of the tumors by dose rate over time. All rats were necropsied and major organs were examined histologically including the brain, entire spinal cord, trigeminal nerves and all tumors. A total of 48 spinal cord tumors (SCT), 251 spinal nerve tumors, 264 cranial nerve tumors and 1058 brain tumors were studied. The tumors were characterized by incidence, histologic type, volume, malignancy and multiplicity. Ethylnitrosouria, as given in this study, was determined to be an effective carcinogen reliably inducing (in order of frequency) brain, cranial nerve, spinal nerve and SCT. Dose of ENU correlated positively with the frequency, multiplicity, volume, malignancy, and negatively with latency of brain tumors and to a lesser extent with nerve tumors.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1997

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the sciatic nerve followed by localization in the central nervous system: case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: A unique case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the sciatic nerve followed by multiple loci in the central nervous system is described. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The lesion occurred in a 44-year-old immunocompetent man with a palpable mass in the left popliteal fossa and a 10-month history of progressive weakness and numbness of the left foot. The tumor was a diffuse large lymphoma of B-cell origin of an intermediate grade of malignancy according to the criteria of the International Working Formulation. INTERVENTION: Because diagnosis of the malignant lymphoma was performed on frozen section, resection of the nerve trunk was avoided. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. At 6 months after the discovery, biopsy, and treatment of the sciatic nerve lymphoma, other lesions demonstrating the same histological features were observed in the central nervous system. The patient died 4 years and 2 months after presentation as a result of the central nervous system lesions and without clinical evidence of systemic extraneural localization. CONCLUSION: A review of the literature indicates that primary peripheral nerve lymphomas occur in the sciatic nerve. These cases, and the case described in our study, share common clinicopathological findings that justify discussing them separately as distinct entities.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Peripheral nervous system involvement in patients with cancer.

Involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is common in patients with cancer and any part, including motor neurons, sensory ganglia, nerve roots, plexuses, cranial and peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions, can be affected. Different mechanisms can initiate damage associated with cancer-related PNS disorders. These include tumour infiltration, toxicity of treatments, metabolic and nutritional perturbations, cachexia, virus infections, and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. The type of cancer, lymphoma, or solid tumour is a further determinant of a PNS disorder. In this Review we discuss the different causes and mechanisms of disorders of the PNS in patients with cancer and we will focus on their assessment and diagnosis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2000

Squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion presenting as a Tolosa-Hunt-like syndrome: a potential pitfall in diagnosis.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of perineural invasion resulting from squamous cell carcinoma of forehead. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: Perineural invasion resulting from squamous cell carcinoma of the periocular skin can present as a Tolosa-Hunt-like syndrome with lack of radiologic findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in its early stages. CONCLUSION: A high level of suspicion for perineural invasion is required when assessing multiple cranial nerve palsies in patients with a history of cutaneous malignancy, despite negative sequential MRI. Perineural invasion must be ruled out by a biopsy of the involved nerves, whenever possible, before empiric therapy with systemic steroids is contemplated.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1999

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: recent advances in understanding of their biology.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the preferred term for mesenchymal tumors specific for the gastrointestinal tract (60% in stomach, 30% small intestine, 10% elsewhere). GISTs include most tumors previously designated as leiomyoma, cellular leiomyoma, leiomyoblastoma, and leiomyosarcoma. However, in the esophagus, leiomyoma is the most common mesenchymal tumor. GISTs are composed of spindle (70%) or epithelioid (30%) cells, and 10%-30% are malignant showing intra-abdominal spread or liver metastases. They are immunohistochemically positive for c-kit (CD117), CD34, and sometimes for actin but are almost always negative for desmin and S100-protein. The malignant GISTs especially show activating mutations in the c-kit gene. GISTs and gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors (GANT) overlap. The cell of origin is not fully understood, but resemblance to the interstitial cells of Cajal, expression of some smooth muscle markers, and occurrence outside of the GI-tract suggest origin from multipotential cells that can differentiate into Cajal and smooth muscle cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax in tumors of central and peripheral nervous system origin.

The expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax was examined by immunohistochemical methods in 93 tumors of nervous system origin, including 49 gliomas (30 astrocytomas and 19 glioblastoma multiforme (GMs)), 16 medulloblastomas (MBs), 19 neuroblastomas (NBs; 9 undifferentiated and 10 differentiated), and 9 miscellaneous neuroectodermal neoplasms. Among the 49 gliomas, immunopositivity (defined as > or = 10%) was observed for Bcl-2 in 45 (92%), Bcl-X in 48 (98%), Mcl-1 in 49 (100%), and Bax in 48 (98%) of 49 specimens. In 11 (37%) of 30 astrocytomas (WHO grades I to III), the tumor specimens were composed predominantly of malignant cells with strong-intensity Bcl-2 immunostaining, whereas none of the 19 GMs (WHO grade IV) exhibited strong-intensity Bcl-2 immunoreactivity (P = 0.001). Similarly, Mcl-1 immunointensity was strong in 15 (50%) of 30 astrocytomas, compared with only 2 (11%) of 19 GMs (P = 0.005). The percentage of Mcl-1-immunopositive tumor cells was also higher in astrocytomas than GMs (P < 0.002). Thus, contrary to a priori expectations, the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 was significantly higher in astrocytomas than in GMs. Of the 16 MBs, immunopositivity was found for Bcl-2 in 4 (25%), Bcl-X in 9 (56%), Mcl-1 in 8 (50%), and Bax in 16 (100%) of the cases. The intensity of immunostaining was strong for Bcl-2 in only 1 (6%) specimen, for Bcl-X in 3 (19%), and for Mcl-1 in 2 (12.5%), in contrast to Bax immunostaining, which was strong in 12 (75%) tumors. Significantly higher percentages of Bax-immunopositive tumor cells were also found in MBs, compared with Bcl-2, Bcl-X, and Mcl-1 (P < 0.0001). All 19 NBs were immunopositive for Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax. Higher percentages of Bcl-X- and Mcl-1-immunopositive tumor cells were observed in well differentiated tumors (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively). The intensity of Mcl-1 immunostaining was also generally higher in differentiated than undifferentiated NBs (strong immunointensity in 7 of 10 versus 0 of 9; P = 0.002). Conversely, strong-intensity Bax immunostaining was associated with undifferentiated histology (5 of 9 (56%) versus 1 of 10 (10%); P = 0.03). Taken together, these findings begin to delineate trends in the regulation of the relative levels of the Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax in gliomas, MBs, NBs, and some of their histological subtypes. The suggestion that expression of some of these Bcl-2 family genes may be differentially regulated in association with tumor progression and differentiation provides insights into the diverse biology and clinical behavior of these tumors of nervous system origin.

Central Nervous System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Tumors of the peripheral nervous system in the region of jaw and face].

Benign and malign forms of tumors of the peripheral nervous system also occur in the region of jaw and face. They demonstrate a quite different dignity and different courses. Very well known is the neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen) which can be observed in several variants in face. The possibility is pointed out that primarily benign tumours of the peripheral nervous system may be degenerated to malign ones and the course as well as the therapy with benign and malign tumours are being described.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Primary intrathoracic meningioma: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases.

Meningiomas are common, usually benign slow-growing neoplasms of the central nervous system thought to arise from meningocytes capping arachnoid villi. Primary ectopic meningiomas are exceedingly rare extracranial and extraspinal tumors of controversial origin; they are usually limited to the head and neck region or to the paravertebral soft tissues. Only one mediastinal ectopic meningioma and few pulmonary ectopic meningiomas have been described in the literature until now. Because of their rarity and their intriguing pathogenesis, we report here a second case of primary mediastinal meningioma and an additional case of primary pulmonary meningioma. Their possible origin and differential diagnosis are discussed.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1975

Differential morphological reaction of experimental CNS tumour clones in vitro to dibutyryl cyclic AMP or serum-free medium, resp.

Six clones from methylnitrosourea (MNU) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced tumours obtained in the nervous system of the rat were cultured in serum-free medium or treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) in vitro. All clones originated from longterm cultures. Three clones forming sarcomas after syngeneic transplantation showed only very slight changes following treatment, whereas the three glioma clones showed striking alterations. They formed long processes or showed rounding of their perikarya. In serum-free medium the cellular shape is intermediate between that seen in normal conditions and the seen in db cAMP treated cultures. The altered cultures resemble the primary cultures of the respective tumours. The relationship of these alterations to tumour types are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Intraspinal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a three-year-old boy.

A case is presented of a 3-year-old boy with a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma extending from the 1st to the 5th lumbar vertebra. This is the youngest case of a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma located outside the skeleton or in the C.N.S. After assumed total excision with subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, local tumor recurrence and (later) systemic metastases were detected. Standard therapy should include radical excision because of the high incidence of local recurrence and subsequent radiotherapy because of the expected high incidence of tumor cells in the CSF. The value of chemotherapy cannot be assessed, as it has been applied in only one other case found in the literature.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed2002

Metastatic breast cancer delayed brachial plexopathy. A brief case report.

Metastatic involvement of brachial plexopathy is a rare condition that is often associated with advanced systemic breast cancer and the role of surgeon appears to be restricted because radio-chemotherapy is better recommended in this setting. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman that presented a very delayed breast cancer metastatic lower trunks lesions without associated radiation injury, treated by surgery. MRI of plexus and CT of chest and axilla are methods of choice in preoperative radiological evaluation. Neurosurgeon effort is restricted to provide pathologic diagnosis (confirm of metastasis), adequate pain control and improvement of neurological function. So that surgical exploration and neurolysis should be performed as soon as possible after appearance of neurological deficits before denervation signs occurs. General surgeon presence should be warranted for more radical removal of remain lymph nodes and metastatic nodal infiltration of adjacent anatomical structures (vessels and so on) when detected by preoperative radiological work-up.

Brachial Plexus Neuropathies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of intraoperative hyperthermia on canine sciatic nerve: histopathologic and morphometric studies.

Failure to achieve local control in the treatment of pelvic and retroperitoneal tumours results in a high rate of recurrences. The objective of intraoperative hyperthermia (IOHT) is to enhance the effect of intraoperative radiation therapy and to increase local tumour control. The tolerance of peripheral nerves to heat may limit the heat dose that can be applied to tumours. Histopathologic and histomorphometric changes of canine sciatic nerve after 60-min IOHT were studied in three groups of five dogs each for temperatures of 43, 44 and 45 degrees C. IOHT was performed using a water-circulating hyperthermia device with a multichannel thermometry system on surgically exposed sciatic nerve. Histopathologic and histomorphometric studies were done immediately, 3 weeks and 12 months after IOHT. Histologic changes observed immediately after treatment were minimal but at 3 weeks following 60-min 45 degrees C IOHT both axon and myelin loss and an increase in endoneurial fibrous tissue were observed. Twelve months after treatment a statistically significant decrease in axon, myelin and small vessel percentages as well as an increase in endoneurial and epineural connective tissue were observed for dog treated to 45 degrees C. Dog treated to 44 degrees C for 60 min had similar statistically significant but less severe changes. Twelve months after 43 degrees C IOHT for 60 min, nerve fibres appeared normal and endoneurial connective tissue was only increased mildly around small and medium-sized vessels. These results suggest that temperatures to the peripheral nerve > 44 degrees C for 60 min are likely to cause significant histopathologic changes that can be found 12 months after treatment. A hypothesis of the mechanism of heat injury to peripheral nerves was developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Palliation of pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer with intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin.

Twenty-one patients with inoperable colon cancer in the pelvis were treated with intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C, given bilaterally into the internal iliac arteries. Seventeen of the 21 patients had failed previous radiation therapy and 15 had also failed systemic intravenous chemotherapy. Eighteen of the 21 patients received intra-arterial treatments because of pelvic pain. Effect of this treatment on the pain could be evaluated in 16 patients. A measurable decrease in pain medication occurred in 8 of 16, whereas a subjective feeling of pain relief was observed in 12 of 16 patients for a mean period of 3.5 months. However, objective tumor response was considered definite only if associated with a greater than 50% decline of an elevated plasma carcinoembryonic antigen level; this was observed in 5 of 11 patients (45%). Reduction in tumor mass as measured by imaging techniques was observed in two of ten patients in whom it was evaluable. Improvement in hydronephrosis was observed in five of seven evaluable patients. Hematuria was present in 12 patients and improved in 10 of those patients. The most significant side effect of chemotherapy was perineal and gluteal skin erythema, which was observed in 36% of the patients after the first course and in 24% during the second course. This frequently escalated to cutaneous vesiculation and desquamation. This side effect was prevented by concurrent administration of steroids. Pelvic arterial infusion of 5-FU and mitomycin C can offer temporary pain relief to patients who have failed other means of therapy. Objective antitumor effects may have also resulted but were much harder to assess in this group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Leptomeningeal metastases: peripheral nerve and root involvement--clinical and electrophysiological study.

Twenty-five patients with recently diagnosed leptomeningeal metastases underwent a prospective clinical and electro-physiological study to assess the mode and extent of peripheral nerve and spinal root involvement. Motor conduction velocities and F wave latencies in the legs were found frequently to be disturbed compared with normal subjects and a control group of cancer patients. F wave changes were the most sensitive indicator of root involvement. Electrophysiological abnormalities were detected in 20 patients, compared with 15 who had abnormal clinical signs suggesting peripheral nerve dysfunction. Electrophysiological studies can be useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected leptomeningeal metastases, and repeated recording of F wave latencies may serve to indicate root recovery in a clinically stable patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined approach for excision of cervical nerve tumors with dural extension.

Tumors of the cervical plexus are rare. Often these tumors are found on routine exam as asymptomatic masses. We present our experience in managing four patients with tumors with dural extension. Three of these lesions were neurilemomas and one was a meningioma. Symptoms and signs included weakness and hypoesthesia. Evaluation included complete neurologic examination with electromyography (EMG). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was the best diagnostic tool to see tumor extent into the epidural and intradural space. Computed tomography (CT) or plain x-rays were used to evaluate the degree of destruction of the cervical spine. The surgical removal of these tumors was performed by a two-team approach. A posterior laminectomy was combined with an anterior neck exploration. Follow-up shows persistent upper extremity weakness in two patients, hypesthesia in three patients, and anesthesia of the anterior chest wall in two patients. Patients with these lesions should be informed of the potential neurologic consequences of removal.

Adult↗