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Biomechanics and biology of external fixation of distal radius fractures.
External fixation is a versatile and useful tool for management of complex fractures. There is little to choose between the various types of commercially available fixators, and it is important to use one that allows the surgeon adequate versatility and follows sound biomechanical principles. Ligamentotaxis can be used effectively to reduce the most difficult fractures; however, over-distraction and prolonged traction are harmful and should be avoided. Certain types of fractures do not respond to treatment with ligamentotaxis alone and require adjunctive treatment, such as limited internal fixation. A single K-wire significantly adds to the stability of fixation and should be considered in all cases. Understanding the basic mechanical principles and respect for pin-bone biology allow for successful use of external fixation with minimal complications.
Effectiveness of external fixation and percutaneous pinning in maintaining distal radius fracture reduction over a a 6-month period.
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Use of a closing wedge osteotomy to correct malunion of dorsally displaced extra-articular distal radius fractures.
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[Distal radius fractures. I. Basic principles and conservative therapy].
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A prospective randomized trial of external fixation and plaster cast immobilization in the treatment of distal radius fractures.
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[Routine osteosynthesis of isolated unstable radius fractures].
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[A method for the management of severely dislocated radius fractures at a typical point].
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[Late results of ambulatory treatment of radius fractures in the typical area].
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[Dependence of the outcome of treatment of radius fractures in the usual place on the method of immobilization].
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[Contribution to the therapy of radius fractures at typical sites].
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[External fixator application in the therapy of radius fractures disposed to redislocation "in loco typico" (author's transl)].
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[Injury of the articular disk of the wrist joint following a distal radius fracture].
Wrist arthrography is a method of diagnosing injuries of the articular disc of the wrist. Primarily these injuries will occur at the moment of the event or, secondarily, by degenerative changes of the malunited Colles' fracture.
[Corrective intervention on the radius base after malunited distal radius fractures].
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[Prognostic evaluation of the classification of distal radius fractures].
Authors give historical review of different classifications in the cases of distal radial fractures. They give analysis on advantage and disadvantage of three different classifications, based on 633 cases, according to the practical applicability, to the expected outcome and to the way of treatment. According to the analysis the Older classification gives good prognosis, but the Frykman classification is without any practical importance. The AO classification is prognostically more or less satisfactory.
The history and evolution of percutaneous pinning of displaced distal radius fractures.
This article discusses the history and evolution of percutaneous pinning of displaced distal radial articular fractures. Six distinct methods are examined from an historical viewpoint, focusing on problems associated with each technique. The evolution of the Kapandji technique to include arum nuts and the Rayhack technique to include an alignment jig and pin guide with locking set screws is presented also.
Distal radius fractures.
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